Thin Air: How Wireless Technology Supports Lean ... - Prepaid MVNO

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The Lean Wireless Missions • 83 Numbering versus Serialization Serialization—1, 2, 3, 4—is different from numbering. Sometimes, for safety and security, a numbering convention is purposely random. Other times, also for safety and security, a number must be serialized. One example of a nonsequential numbering convention is our social security numbers: identical twins who apply for SSNs at the same time will have two very dissimilar numbers. MasterCard numbers are purposely random, which protects MasterCard holders from error; it does so because the 20-digit MasterCard numbering convention creates 10 20 Âpossible card numbers (in theory, enough numbers for every human being who has lived, lives now, or ever will live). If at any one time 150 million of these numbers are in use and a clerk makes an error in entering a number, the likelihood is only 150,000,000/10 20 (effectively zero) that the number actually belongs to a cardholder. Here, randomness provides security. 31 The standard Global Trade Item Number we described in the previous section does not uniquely identify a single physical object, only a particular class of object, such as a particular kind of product or SKU, for example, bottles of over-the-counter antihistamines. The Serialized Global Trade Item Number (SGTIN) allows differentiation between two like objects: one bottle of antihistamines versus the identical bottle to its right on a shelf. Why is that useful? Because if bottle XXX-XXXX-1 is tainted, subject to recall, or expired, then XXX-XXXX-2 may also be located and removed. Or, a bottle that lacks such a number is easily identifiable as counterfeit. This is the idea behind the California ePedigree regulations on pharmaceuticals, which mandate “a unique identifier (serialization number) placed on the smallest container saleable to a pharmacy, by the pharmaceutical manufacturer.” 32 The idea is traceability of that container (be it a bottle, ampule, tube, etc.) from the manufacturing floor to “each successive owner,” meaning the purchaser or patient. This is chiefly an anticounterfeiting measure. According to the State of California, counterfeit prescription drugs account for as high as 30 percent of the supply in some countries. (Think of all those spam messages offering Viagra and “prescription meds at over-the-counter prices!”) The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in developed countries such as the United States, counterfeit drugs are less than 1 percent of the market; but WHO estimates that 3.4 billion prescriptions were dispensed in the United States in 2006, meaning 34 million of them © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
84 • Thin Air: How Wireless Technology Supports Lean Initiatives were filled with counterfeit medicine. In 2006 and 2007, those developed Âcountries, including the United States, France, and Belgium, were plagued with counterfeit oseltamivir, a flu medication; the counterfeit contained lactose and vitamin C, and no active retroviral. 33 Patients were thus fighting the flu with the active ingredients of milk and orange juice, in minute dosages. Pharma is not the only place that serialization is vital; it similarly can distinguish between cows in a herd in the case of tainted beef, cases of bad lettuce, electronics with a particular defect, and so on. The Challenges Electronic pedigrees are not easy. ePedigree will require the manufacturers to implement an “interoperable electronic system,” an electronic trackand-trace system, be it using bar code, 2D bar code, RFID, and so on. That’s a lot to ask, and this legislation, which was written in 2006 with a due date of 2009, has been pushed off to 2015. Why, if ePedigree seems so vital? Because, as President and CEO Kathleen Jaeger of the Generic Pharmaceutical Association (GPhA) described, the delay “will help manufacturers to determine the most cost-effective and efficient approach to establishing an electronic track and trace system.” The National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA) was more blunt, describing a proposed 2011 deadline as “a logistical and financial nightmare for all of the affected parties.” 34 An ePedigree includes an enormous amount of information, including: • Source of a dangerous drug, including the name and federal manufacturer’s registration number • Trade or generic name of the drug, the quantity, dosage form, and strength • Date of the transaction • Sales invoice number • Container size, number of containers, expiration dates, and lot numbers • Shipping information including the name and address of each person certifying delivery or receipt of the dangerous drug And so on. 35 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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THIN AIR How Wireless Technology Su
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Contents Acknowledgments...........
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Contents • vii Why the IOT Is Not
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Contents • ix Lean Rules.........
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xii • Acknowledgments as so many
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xiv • Introduction—The Confusio
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xviii • Introduction—The Confus
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xx • Introduction—The Confusion
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Global Asset Pedigree & WIP Trackin
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The Authors Dann Anthony Maurno’s
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