Controlling fraud in the public sector - PricewaterhouseCoopers

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Table 4: Job title of the participants from government and state-owned enterprises Percentage of organisations Senior executives 40% Chief Executive Officer/President/Managing Director 7% Chief Financial Officer/Treasurer/Controller 26% Chief Operating Officer 2% Chief Information Officer/Technology Director 1% Other senior executive 2% Board member 2% Non-senior executives 60% Senior Vice President/Vice President/Director 4% Head of business unit 8% Head of department 15% Manager 19% Others 14% Terminology Due to the diverse descriptions of types of economic crime in countries’ legal statutes, the following categories were developed for the purpose of the survey. These descriptions were defined as such in the survey questionnaire. Economic crime or fraud Intentionally using deceit to deprive another of money, property or legal right. Asset misappropriation (including embezzlement or deception by employees) The theft of assets (including monetary assets, cash or supplies and equipment) for their own benefit by directors, others in fiduciary positions, or employees. Accounting fraud Altering financial statements or other documents, or presenting them in such a way that they do not reflect the true value or financial activities of the organisation. This can involve accounting manipulations, fraudulent borrowings or raising of finance, fraudulent applications for credit and unauthorised transactions or rogue trading. Corruption and bribery (including racketeering and extortion) Unlawfully using an official position to gain an advantage in contravention of duty. This can involve the promise of an economic benefit or other favour, the use of intimidation or blackmail. It can also refer to accepting such inducements. Money laundering Actions intended to legitimise the proceeds of crime by disguising their true origin. Intellectual property infringement (including trademarks, patents, counterfeit products and services) This includes illegally copying or distributing fake goods in breach of patent or copyright, and creating false currency notes and coins with the intention of passing them off as genuine. Illegal insider trading Buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, non-public information about that security. Insider trading may also include ‘tipping’ such information, securities trading by the person tipped, and securities trading by those who misappropriate such information. Espionage The act or practice of spying or of using spies to obtain secret information. Financial performance Measuring the results of an organisation’s policies and operations in monetary terms. Typically, returns will be measured in terms of service delivery. 22 PwC
Fraud risk assessment These are used to ascertain whether an organisation has undertaken an exercise to specifically consider: • the fraud risks to which operations are exposed • an assessment of the most threatening risks (i.e. evaluating risks for significance and likelihood of occurrence) • identification and evaluation of the controls (if any) that are in place to mitigate the key risks • assessment of the general anti-fraud programs and controls in an organisation • actions to remedy any gaps in the controls. Fraud triangle The interconnected conditions that act as harbingers to fraud: opportunity to commit fraud, incentive (or pressure) to commit fraud, and the ability of the perpetrator to rationalise the act. Senior executive The main decision-maker in the organisation (for example the CEO, Managing Director or Executive Director). Insider trading may also include ‘tipping’ such information, securities trading by the person tipped, and securities trading by those who misappropriate such information Fighting fraud in the public sector 23
Page 1 and 2: whatwouldyouliketogrow.com.au Fight
Page 3 and 4: About the survey Welcome to the gov
Page 5 and 6: Economic crime in the Australian pu
Page 7 and 8: Bribery and corruption Worldwide, 2
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4: Profile of internal fraud
Page 11 and 12: Reduced control? Of those governmen
Page 13 and 14: How is fraud being detected? Accord
Page 15 and 16: Fraud risk management and assessmen
Page 17 and 18: Response: sending the right message
Page 19 and 20: What’s on the fraud horizon? When
Page 21: Methodology The fifth PwC Global Ec
Page 25 and 26: PwC Forensic Services: An Overview
Page 27 and 28: 7. Fraud Control Plans 7.1 Fraud ri

Controlling fraud in the public sector - PricewaterhouseCoopers

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