Final Report - European Online Grooming Project

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2.2 Research Objectives Action 3.1 of the Safer Internet Plus programme invited proposals for projects that enhanced the knowledge of the online sexual abuse of young people, with a particular focus on online grooming. Here online grooming is defined as the process by which a person befriends a young person 7 online in order to facilitate online sexual contact and/or a physical meeting with them with the goal of committing sexual abuse. To this end the European Online Grooming Project has the following overarching objectives: • describe the behaviour of both offenders who groom and young people who are ‘groomed’ and explore differences (e.g. in demographics, behaviour or profiles) within each group and how these differences may have a bearing on offence outcome, • describe how information, communication technology (ICT) is used to facilitate the process of online grooming, • further the current low knowledge base about the way in which young people are selected and prepared by online groomers for abuse online, • make a significant contribution to the development of educational awareness and preventative initiatives aimed at parents and young people, • contribute to the development of online sex offender risk assessment and management knowledge. 2.3 Research Design To meet this challenging set of objectives, the research programme involved three distinct but related phases: a scoping study; interviews with online groomers; and dissemination of awareness messages to key stakeholders. 2.4 The Scoping Phase The aim of the scoping phase was to explore the background and context of Internet abuse in each partner country so that the research could be set in the current legislative and offender treatment context. However, alongside mapping the policy context, this phase also set out to ensure that phase 2 of the research was of the highest possible quality and represented good value for money. As such, the scoping phase aimed to ensure that questions asked of online groomers were based on the current and most comprehensive information available about these individuals. To this end, the scoping phase drew on a combination of three distinct data collection approaches, described below. 7 For the purpose of this report, young people are defined as those age 16 years or younger. 30 of 152 |Final report European Online Grooming Project_
2.5 Scoping Methods Literature review Presented in a separate paper 8 , the key library sources for the literature review were the British Library and the British Library of Political and Economic Science at the London School of Economics. In particular, the joint JISC and ESRC funded International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS). Specific government, academic and agency sites were used such as EUKids Online at LSE, the Department for Children Schools and Families, Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre and the Internet Watch Foundation. In addition, the EU website was searched to supplement the contributions sent from the consortium partners from each country. Alongside the sourcing of published materials, there was also use of unpublished articles from, for example, the G8 Carolina Symposium 'Examining the relationship between online and offline offenses and preventing the sexual exploitation of children'. Review of police case files Five case files were drawn from the United Kingdom Metropolitan Police High Technological Crime Unit and the Paedophile Unit. Four of the report authors (SW, JD, AB, JGH) read the case files and recorded the key points on a Performa. Each case was then discussed by the research team, with the conversation digitally recorded. Case file data was analysed using the Framework method, discussed in detail in the sections below. In table 2.5.1 the demographic and offence-specific characteristics of the case file sample are described. Table 2.5.1: Case file sample characteristics Age Ethnicity 1 2 3 4 5 45 36 37 56 48 White-British White-British White-British White-British White-British Occupation Professional Professional Skilled manual Professional Skilled manual Marital status Access to children No. own children Married Married Married Partner Married Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 2 1 1 1 Exposure self on line No Yes – photos & webcam No Yes – photos Yes - webcam Images sent to YP 3 adult movies None None Yes Yes No. indecent images seized Class of indecent Images 510 259 Not specified 35 2 1 to 5 1 to 5 2 to 4 1 to 4 1 to 3 8 Davidson, J., Grove-Hills, J., Bifulco, A., Webster, S., Gottschalk, P., Caretti, V. & Pham, T (2010). European Online Grooming Project: Literature Review and Legislative Context. European Commission Safer Internet Plus Programme. 31 of 152 |Final report European Online Grooming Project_
Page 1 and 2: Final Report Stephen Webster, Julia
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Executive Summary......
Page 5 and 6: 1. Executive Summary Background •
Page 7 and 8: Online Spaces The Features of Onlin
Page 9 and 10: also described using webcams 3 as a
Page 11 and 12: Maintenance • Offence maintenance
Page 13 and 14: easons - here low self-efficacy und
Page 15 and 16: Typology of Young People Victimised
Page 17 and 18: ehaviours and strategies to stay sa
Page 19 and 20: Awareness and Perception of Online
Page 21 and 22: Content gaps • Some young people
Page 23 and 24: • Events with teachers were also
Page 25 and 26: Girls appear to be at higher risk,
Page 27 and 28: off-line abusive contact with the c
Page 29: said activity was sexual intercours
Page 33 and 34: 2.6 Interviews with Online Groomers
Page 35 and 36: and 14-16 years; a mix of boys and
Page 37 and 38: 3. Understanding Online Grooming Th
Page 39 and 40: turned off and daily life returned
Page 41 and 42: Social networking - For adults and
Page 43 and 44: Online Spaces Figure 3.3.1 - The fe
Page 45 and 46: The role of the online environment
Page 47 and 48: Online identities were described by
Page 49 and 50: Mode Before an approach to a young
Page 51 and 52: Extent of contact With technology a
Page 53 and 54: - Mentor: this refers to the way so
Page 55 and 56: extent of online disinhibition amon
Page 57 and 58: Providing gifts to young people cou
Page 59 and 60: It is not unreasonable to suggest t
Page 61 and 62: 4. Offender Maintenance and Risk Ma
Page 63 and 64: There are plenty of fish - you’ll
Page 65 and 66: conversations to escalate in a way
Page 67 and 68: In the literature, there has also b
Page 69 and 70: At the time… I said I’m not doi
Page 71 and 72: I felt powerful and important knowi
Page 73 and 74: However, as with images, it would b
Page 75 and 76: • how the young person behaved on
Page 77 and 78: children. Consequently, online groo
Page 79 and 80: forefront of their functioning. The
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achieved that allowed each groomer
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Risk Management Adaptable Style Dis
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Risk Management Hyper-Sexualised se
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6. Young People Online The chapters
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equally exploited. Thus the level o
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as having problems in family life o
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of themselves. As we have seen in t
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which are largely unformulated. Soc
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G: Pictures of you and I want you t
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If we begin with the example of the
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Figure 6.6 Resilient young people o
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make contact with young boys. In th
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to the people from schools with rob
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Plenty. Some I see around, they’r
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We have seen in chapter 3, 4 and 5
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Table 6.7: Young peoples perception
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Socialisation Information seeking O
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when appraising all potential conta
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evidence from parents’ that tends
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7. Implications: Applying the resea
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of online technology and mobile pho
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Targeted programmes for young peopl
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the grooming to which they were sub
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with particular regard to anonymity
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measures for online groomers. A key
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addition, the Good Lives Model-Comp
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References Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J
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Hayes, E., Archer, D. & Middleton,
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Taylor, M. & Quayle, E. (2006). The
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Appendices 139 of 152 |Final report
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Dear [insert name] Understanding on
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Understanding Online Grooming On be
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Understanding the process of online
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2. ONLINE GROOMERS OFFENDING BEHAVI
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Online presentation (here we are ex
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Contact offending and online groome
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Final Report - European Online Grooming Project

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