(Microsoft PowerPoint - 1_HSUPA Concepts RF Measurements ...

HSUPA Market Influence 

“HSPA is as fast as 1xEV-DO” 

• 15 Mbps forward / 6 Mbps reverse 

• 14 Mbps downlink / 5.74 Mbps uplink 

1xEV-DO Release B 

HSPA 

HSUPA Concepts & RF Measurements 

Agilent Restricted 

18 July 2007 

What is HSUPA? Why important? 

Three terms for the same thing: 

• HSUPA = High Speed Uplink Packet Access (market standard) 

• E-DCH = Enhanced Dedicated Channel (3GPP standards documents) 

• EUL = Enhanced Uplink 

HSPA = HSDPA + HSUPA 

• Although can be used separately, will be used together for many applications 

such as VOIP or mobile gaming 

Purpose of HSUPA is to: 

• Increase UL throughput (data rates) 

• Increase network capacity 

• Reduce delays to improve performance of applications (like mobile gaming, 2- 

way VOIP) 



18 July 2007 

2

HSUPA Overview 

Key features and changes 

• Allows uplink packet data to 5.74Mbps 

– 384 kbps is current practical limit with Rel 99 

• Hybrid ARQ similar to HSDPA, except UE sends, node B ACKs/NACKs 

• Node B provides fast scheduling, dynamically allocating power among UEs 

• New optional 2ms TTI (transmission time interval) 

– 10 ms TTI allows only 2 Mbps UL 

• 5 new physical channels 

– 2 UL, 3 DL 

• 1 new UL transport channel 

• Not a shared data channel 

as in HSDPA 

Architecture 

MAC 

Downlink 

IP / TCP / etc. 

PDCP 

RLC 

MAC-d 

MAC-es 

MAC-e 

Uplink 

L1 

E-DCH 

E-AGCH E-RGCH E-HICH E-DPDCH E-DPDCH E-DPCCH 

Absolute & Relative 

grants 

Ack/Nack Data Control 



18 July 2007 

Agenda 


Key HSUPA Concepts 

Testing HSUPA Devices 

– New / Important 3GPP TS34.121 Tests 

– Functional Test 

Summary 



18 July 2007 

3

Uplink Channels 

Transport channel: E-DCH 

(Enhanced Dedicated Channel) 

• Carries 1 block of data each TTI: UE to Node 

B 

Physical channels: 

(Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel) 

(Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel) 

• Channels are IQ multiplexed 

– E-DPCCH on I 

– E-DPDCH mapping varies 

• E-DPCCH (carries control info to allow 

decode E-DPDCH 

– E-TFCI, RSN (Retransmission Sequence 

Number) and Happy Bit 

• E-DPDCH (carries user data) 

– Variable SF and quantity - 1*SF256 up to 2*SF2 

+ 2*SF4 

transport 

physical 



18 July 2007 

Downlink Physical Channels 

E-HICH (Enhanced HARQ Indicator Channel) 

• Transmits ACKs/NACKs: Node B to UE 

– similar to HSDPA UL HS-DPCCH, except no 

CQI 

• Response occurs a fixed time after E-DPDCH 

transmission 

• Shares same code as E-RGCH 

E-AGCH (Enhanced Absolute Grant Channel) 

Provides absolute limit of max resources UE can 

use max E-DPDCH/DPCCH ratio 

• Shared channel CRC masked by UE ID 

E-RGCH (Enhanced Relative Grant Channel) 

Moves Serving Grant up/down/hold 

• Shares same code as E-HICH 



18 July 2007 

4

HARQ 

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest 

HSUPA has HARQ processes just like HSDPA, but in opposite 

direction - UE sends, Node B ACKs/NACKs 

4 HARQ processes for 10 ms TTI, 8 for 2 ms TTI 

Stop/wait operation - fixed round trip time (40 ms or 16 ms) 

Receiver: Node B 

Transmitter: UE 



18 July 2007 

MAC-e/es (network) 

MAC-es (RNC) 

• Reordering queue 

• Macro diversity selection 

MAC-es 

to MAC-d 

Reordering 

Combining 

MAC-d flow 

to MAC-d 

Reordering 

Queue 

MAC-d flow 

MAC-e (Node-B) 

• Scheduler 

• De-multiplexer 

• HARQ processes 

MAC-e 

Scheduling 

/control 

HARQ 

process 

De-multiplexer 

HARQ 

process 

HARQ 

process 

E-R/AGCH 

E-HICH 

E-DCH 



18 July 2007 

5

MAC-es/e (UE) 

Single sub-layer 

E-TFC (transport format combination) selection 

from MAC-d 

from MAC-d 

Multiplexing 

HARQ Processes 

MAC-e/es 

E-TFC 

selection 

Multiplexer 

HARQ 

process 

HARQ 

process 

HARQ 

process 

E-R/AGCH 

E-HICH 

E-DCH 



18 July 2007 

Power Control 

Used by UE to calculate Serving Grant 

HSUPA does not change the fundamental way in which UE power 

control is managed in WCDMA 

• Node B still tries to balance the received power of the DPCCH from each UE in 

the cell to be roughly the same 

HSUPA allows for some UEs to 

transmit at higher data rates than 

others (and thus higher power levels) 

• HSUPA changes relative differences 

between power on transmitting E- 

DPDCHs and power of the DPCCH 

• Allows total power transmitted to remain 

same, while power on E-DPDCHs is 

increased to provide higher HSUPA data 

rates 



18 July 2007 

6

Serving Grant 

UE Scheduling: 

Node B regulates how much data the UE can send 

UE maintains Serving Grant calculation - granted first by Absolute Grant, 

changed by Relative Grants 

• Updated each TTI 

Serving Grant controls the max power the UE can use to transmit data on E- 

DPDCH(s) 

• Determines max data rate – E-TFC tables give power needed for rates 

UE chooses E-TFC each TTI (based on available data to send and available 

power it is capable of transmitting). It can choose less than the Serving Grant 

allows. 

UE Reporting: 

UE provides feedback to node B each TTI Happy Bit 

Node B resources 

• Unhappy: UE cannot empty buffer in “n” ms, using all of Serving Grant, could TX at 

higher power otherwise Happy 



18 July 2007 



18 July 2007 

7

HSUPA UE Categories 

UE categories define the 

basic capabilities of the 

device 

TS25.306 Table 5.1a 

TS25.306 Table 5.1g 

Yellow highlight 

indicates categories 

introduced first 



18 July 2007 

HSUPA RB Test Mode 

HSPA loopback – Need to loop back HSDPA DL data onto the 

HSUPA UL for RF testing 

HSDPA data rates must be chosen carefully 

• Need enough HSDPA DL data so that HSUPA UL will transmit when required 

(no unexpected DTXs) 

• But, not so much data that the UE buffer overflows excessively 

HSDPA and HSUPA are not symmetrical services 

• DL and UL data rates do not match 

(HSDPA data rates, block sizes and PDUs 

are not equal to those used on the UL for 

HSUPA) 

• Usual situation is to send enough data on 

DL to keep the UL continually transmitting 

in order to make RF measurements 

• UE will discard some of the DL data as 

defined in 3GPP TS 34.109 



18 July 2007 

8

Agenda 






Summary 



18 July 2007 

Why Test HSUPA? 

New uplink channels E-DPCCH and E-DPDCH 

Power Variations 

• Larger crest factor than HSDPA 

• Code channel relative power differences very large (up to 45 dB) 

• Large power changes at TTI boundaries – i.e., HSUPA on/off (up to 27 dB) 

Uplink configuration very dynamic. Each TTI, the following can change: 

• Number of E-DPDCH(s) transmitted 

• Spread factor of E-DPDCH(s) 

• Power of E-DPDCH(s) 

These changes adversely affect modulator performance and transmitter 

distortion more out-of-channel interference and poorer modulation quality 

• Examine modulation accuracy at code level vs. composite signal to ensure code channels are 

modulated correctly [5.2D and 5.13.2B] 

• Check for out-of-channel interference due to increased spectral splatter [5.9B and 5.10B] 

• Ensure max power is reached but not exceeded to ensure adequate coverage without interfering 

with other channels or systems [5.2B] 

• Look at phase discontinuities due to large changes in total power [3GPP test coming] 



18 July 2007 

9

3GPP TS34.121 Evolution 

Test 

Rel 99 

HSDPA 

HSUPA 

Max Power 

5.2 

5.2A 

5.2AA 

5.2B 

RCDPA 

5.2C 

5.2D 

HS-DPCCH 

5.7A 

SEM 

5.9 

5.9A 

5.9B 

ACLR 

5.10 

5.10A 

5.10B 

EVM/Phase Disc 

5.13.1, 5.13.3 

5.13.1A 

5.13.1AA 

Coming soon 

Code Domain 

5.13.2 

5.13.2A 

5.13.2B 

Max Input Level 

6.3 

6.3A 

N/A 

Green shading indicates areas where testing may be streamlined – e.g. don’t need to 

test both 5.2 and 5.2B, just 5.2B is sufficient 



18 July 2007 

Overview 

RF Power, Beta Values, UE Setup for Sub-Tests 

HSDPA standards include table of sub-tests used to define specific conditions for RF tests 

HSUPA has a similar table: 3GPP TS 34.121 Table C.11.1.3 that defines: 

• Beta values, spreading factors, number of E-DPDCHs, absolute grant indices, E-TFCI values 

• CM (cubic metric) and MPR (maximum power reduction) 

• Sub-tests to cover various total power and code channel power conditions important to test 

For calculation of RF power, important value is gain factor, A (defined relative to βc) 

• Ahs = βhs / βc, Aec = βec / βc, Aed = βed / βc 

• Also called quantized amplitude ratios in 3GPP TS 25.213 

• Linear power is just the gain factor, A, squared 

Total power in dB is 10 times the log 10 of the sum of linear powers of each active channel 

Sub-Test 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

βc 

βd 

βhs 

Ahs 

6/15 15/15 12/15 30/15 

15/15 9/15 30/15 30/15 

2/15 15/15 4/15 30/15 

15/15 15/15 30/15 30/15 

βec 

12/15 

30/15 

2/15 

24/15 

Aec 

11/15 15/15 22/15 30/15 209/225 19/15 1309/225 119/15 

30/15 

30/15 

15/15 

24/15 

βed 

94/75 

1: 47/15 

2: 47/15 

56/75 

134/15 

Aed 

47/15 

1: 47/15 

2: 47/15 

84/15 

134/15 

Setting up UE to match HSUPA sub-test 

conditions in Table C.11.1.3 is not easy 

• βc, βd can be set directly 

• βec set with signaled values found in 3GPP TS 

25.213 Table 1B (also called E-DPCCH/ DPCCH 

power offset) 

• βhs set using ΔACK, ΔNACK, ΔCQI signaled 

values as found in 3GPP TS 25.213 Table 1A (all 

are assumed to be 30/15 for all sub-tests) 

• βed cannot be set directly! 



18 July 2007 

10

3GPP TS 34.121 Sub-Tests 

HSDPA 

HSUPA 



18 July 2007 

RF Powers for HSUPA Sub-Tests 

Sub-Test 

Units 

DPCCH 

DPDCH 

HS-DPCCH 

E-DPCCH 

E-DPDCH1 E-DPDCH2 

Total 

Power 

1 

dBm 

-2.7 

0 

3.3 

-0.7 

15.3 

OFF 

15.8 

Large E-DPDCH, other 

code CH avg 

dB 

-18.5 

-15.8 

-12.5 

-16.5 

-0.5 

OFF 

0 

2 

dBm 

-8.0 

0 

-1.9 

-1.9 

2.0 

OFF 

6.0 

All code CH small 

relative level change 

dB 

-14.0 

-6.0 

-8.0 

-8.0 

-4.1 

OFF 

0 

3 

dBm 

0 

-4.4 

6.0 

6.0 

9.9 

9.9 

14.6 

Multiple E-DPDCHs 

dB 

-14.6 

-19.1 

-8.6 

-8.6 

-4.7 

-4.7 

0 

4 

dBm 

-17.5 

0 

-11.5 

-17.5 

-2.5 

OFF 

2.2 

Min CCH, min total 

power, max DCH 

dB 

-19.7 

-2.2 

-13.7 

-19.7 

-4.7 

OFF 

0 

5 dBm 0 0 6.0 4.1 19.0 OFF 19.5 

Max total power, max E- 

DPDCH dB -19.5 -19.5 -13.5 -15.4 -0.4 OFF 0 



18 July 2007 

11

Maximum Power 

Maximum Output Power with HS-DPCCH and E-DCH - 3GPP TS 34.121 section 5.2B 

“The maximum output power with HS-DPCCH and 

E-DCH is a measure of the maximum power the 

UE can transmit when HS-DPCCH and E-DCH are 

fully or partially transmitted during a DPCCH 

timeslot. The measurement period shall be at least 

one timeslot.” 

Importance: battery life, heat, radiated power, 

interference, checks for power control algorithm 

errors 

Measurement specified for all E-DCH Sub-Tests in 

Table C.11.1.3 

5.2A/5.2AA (HSDPA Max Power) has 1 worse test 

case than 5.2B (sub-test 4) 



18 July 2007 

Achieving Maximum Power with HSUPA 

• Maximum power can’t be set by just sending all up bits like in Rel 99/HSDPA 

• Currently defined procedure shown above takes ~6 seconds!! VERY LONG 

• Will likely change in future 3GPP standards revisions to make simpler/faster 



18 July 2007 

12

Relative Code Domain Power Accuracy 

UE Relative Code Domain Power Accuracy - 3GPP TS 34.121 section 5.2D (HSUPA) 

“The UE Relative code domain power accuracy is a 

measure of the ability of the UE to correctly set the 

level of individual code powers relative to the total 

power of all active codes.” 

Relative Code Domain Power Accuracy is 

• Independent of variations in the actual total 

power of the signal 

• Independent of noise in the signal that falls on 

inactive codes 

Importance: more code channels in uplink now with 

HSUPA, must check that UE is properly distributing 

power among them 

Performed at max power 

20 ms repeating pattern with 10 ms TTI (supported 

by all UEs), measured over 1 full slot 

Measurement specified for E-DCH Sub-Tests 1-4 in 

Table C.11.1.3 

Time-intensive and detailed test not likely to be 

done in manufacturing 

Still need 5.2C (HSDPA version of the test), setups 

are quite different 

HSDPA test signal with four 

measurement points and 

12 ms repeating pattern 

HSUPA test signal with 

three measurement points 

and 20 ms repeating 

pattern 



18 July 2007 

Code Domain Error 

Relative Code Domain Error with HS-DPCCH and E-DCH - TS 34.121 section 5.13.2B 

Ratio of the mean power of the projection of 

the error vector onto that code channel to the 

mean power of the same code channel in the 

composite reference waveform 

Measures UE EVM with many code channels 

• Composite EVM including the EVM of all 

active codes, is no longer the best 

measure with so many code channels 

• Instead, look at the code domain error of 

each active code 

• Very similar to RCDPA, but here we are 

measuring the code domain error including 

phase and amplitude, not just relative 

power levels 

Importance: checks phase errors & coding 

errors 

Performed at max power and at -18 dBm total 

power 

Measurement specified for all E-DCH Sub- 

Tests in Table C.11.1.3 

Likely to be performed in mfg 



18 July 2007 

13

HS-DPCCH (High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel) 

HS-DPCCH Power Control - 3GPP TS 34.121 section 5.7A 

Looks at relative power changes 

for total output power 

Importance: 

Not replaced by 5.2C RCDPA 

•Still need this (HSDPA) test to 

ensure UE responds properly to 

power control during HSDPA 

operation 



18 July 2007 

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and 

Phase Discontinuity 

5.13.1AA for now for HSDPA, but HSUPA Phase Discontinuity should 

be coming soon… 

EVM

Spectrum Emission Mask 

Spectrum Emission Mask with E-DCH - TS 34.121 section 5.9B 

Table 5.9B.1: Spectrum Emission Mask Requirement 

“To verify that the power of UE emission does 

not exceed the prescribed limits even in the 

presence of the E-DCH.” 

Measurement of spectral emissions at 2.5 to 

12.5 MHz offsets from carrier frequency 

• Performed at UE maximum output power 

• Measurement specified for all E-DCH Sub- 

Tests in Table C.11.1.3 

Importance: Potentially more important for E- 

DCH than W-CDMA due to: 

• Large instantaneous power changes 

possible with E-DCH 

• Larger crest factor 

– Can generate spectral splatter 

Need to ensure UE is not interfering in other 

channels 


∆f in MHz 

Minimum requirement (Note 2) 

Additional 

(Note 1) 

requirements Band 

Absolute II, IV, V, X (Note 3) 

Relative requirement 

requirement 

⎧ ⎛ ∆f 

⎞⎫ 

⎨− 35 −15 

⋅ ⎜ − 2. 5⎟⎬ 

⎩ ⎝ MHz ⎠⎭ 

-71.1 dBm -15 dBm 

2.5 to 3.5 dBc 

⎧ ⎛ ∆f 

⎞⎫ 

⎨− 35 −1⋅⎜ 

− 3. 5⎟⎬ 

⎩ ⎝ MHz ⎠⎭ 

-55.8 dBm -13 dBm 

3.5 to 7.5 dBc 

⎧ ⎛ ∆f 

⎞⎫ 

⎨− 39 −10 

⋅⎜ 

− 7. 5⎟⎬ 

⎩ ⎝ MHz ⎠⎭ 

-55.8 dBm -13 dBm 

7.5 to 8.5 dBc 

to 12.5 MHz 8.5 -49 dBc -55.8 dBm -13 dBm 

Measurement 

bandwidth 

(Note 6) 

30 kHz 

(Note 4) 

1 MHz 

(Note 5) 

1 MHz 

(Note 5) 

1 MHz 

(Note 5) 



18 July 2007 

Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) ACLR with 

E-DCH - TS 34.121 section 5.10B 

“To verify UE ACLR does not exceed 

prescribed limits for all specified values of Bc, 

Bd, Bhs, Bec, and Bed” 

Measurement of adjacent channel spectrum at 

5 and 10 MHz offsets from carrier frequency 

• Performed at UE maximum output power 

Importance: Potentially more important for E- 

DCH than W-CDMA due to: 

• Large instantaneous power changes 

possible with E-DCH 

• Larger crest factor 

– Can generate spectral splatter 

Need to ensure UE is not interfering in other 

channels 


Table 5.10B.2: UE ACLR 

Power Class UE channel ACLR limit 

3 +5 MHz or −5 MHz 32.2 dB 

3 +10 MHz or −10 MHz 42.2 dB 

4 +5 MHz or −5 MHz 32.2 dB 

4 +10 MHz or −10 MHz 42.2 dB 



18 July 2007 

15

3GPP TS34.121 Section 10 

HSUPA Performance Tests 

Only check the ability of the UE to decode the new downlink physical channels. 

Nothing yet defined to determine if the UE can actually sustain high data throughput 

in the uplink. 

10.2 Detection of E-HICH 

10.3 Detection of E-RGCH 

10.4 Demodulation of E-AGCH 

Similar to section 9 HSDPA tests except that section 10 (being focused on data 

throughput) is statistics-based, i.e. test limits are based on the probability of 

success rather than discrete measurement result. 



18 July 2007 

Functional Test – Soft Handover Operation 

Most common place for errors to occur is during handovers 

Test application performance during soft handover (SHO) to ensure 

UE correctly: 

• Soft-combines 

E-HICHs 

• Responds to 

ACK/NACKs 

• Responds to 

E-RGCH commands 



18 July 2007 

16

Functional Test – Data Throughput 

• Stress test devices at data 

rates beyond that 

expected on a network, 

ensuring deployment of 

high-quality devices 

• Test high-rate data 

throughput while 

simulating RF impairments 

to promote network 

operator confidence in 

device and application 

operation 

• Prove or demonstrate 

device and application 

performance under highspeed 

data rate operation 

to gain early competitive 

advantage in the 

marketplace 



18 July 2007 

Functional Test – Testing Different Layers 

Step 1 – Validate RF and MAC 

• RB Test Mode call 

• “User Defined Channel” 

– Flexible parameters 

– Real-time changes 

Step 2 – Validate RLC, Driver, and IP 

• PS data call 

• “UDP Flood” 

– Defined data rate 

– Confidence in UE 

Step 3 – Validate Video Streaming 


• “Darwin Server” 

– First real app 

– Medium µP load 

Step 4 – Validate TCP and System 


• “ftp” 

– TCP is ‘busy’ 

– Fills UL WCDMA 

– System stress 



18 July 2007 

17

Agenda 






Summary 



18 July 2007 

Summary 

• HSUPA’s commercial roll-out is just starting 

• Its main benefit – higher data rates – is largely driven by competing 

technologies like 1xEV-DO Release B 

• HSUPA features make system more complex yet 

• Designing and testing HSUPA devices is challenging as a result 

• Agilent has variety of test equipment for HSUPA design and test 

• Signal analyzers 

• Signal generators 

• One box testers / call-processing 

• Software for automation and simulation 



18 July 2007 

18

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