NSF Forms - Ridge 2000 Program

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PD 98-1620 08/15/06
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OCE - MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
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0649641
08/22/2006 1 06040000 OCE 1620 082359691
09/13/2006 6:12pm S
042103580
Harvard University
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Collaborative Research: U-series constraints on the ages and
petrogenesis of Lau Basin Lavas
20 Oxford Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
United States
Charles H Langmuir PhD 1980 617-384-9948 langmuir@eps.harvard.edu
CO-PI/PD
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0649641

CERTIFICATION PAGE
Certification for Authorized Organizational Representative or Individual Applicant:
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statements made herein are true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge; and (2) agreeing to accept the obligation to comply with NSF
award terms and conditions if an award is made as a result of this application. Further, the applicant is hereby providing certifications
regarding debarment and suspension, drug-free workplace, and lobbying activities (see below), as set forth in Grant
Proposal Guide (GPG), NSF 04-23. Willful provision of false information in this application and its supporting documents or in reports required
under an ensuing award is a criminal offense (U. S. Code, Title 18, Section 1001).
In addition, if the applicant institution employs more than fifty persons, the authorized official of the applicant institution is certifying that the institution has
implemented a written and enforced conflict of interest policy that is consistent with the provisions of Grant Policy Manual Section 510; that to the best
of his/her knowledge, all financial disclosures required by that conflict of interest policy have been made; and that all identified conflicts of interest will have
been satisfactorily managed, reduced or eliminated prior to the institution’s expenditure of any funds under the award, in accordance with the
institution’s conflict of interest policy. Conflicts which cannot be satisfactorily managed, reduced or eliminated must be disclosed to NSF.
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required certification shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $10,000 and not more than $100,000 for each such failure.
AUTHORIZED ORGANIZATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE DATE
NAME
Webb Brightwell
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617-384-7673 Webb_Brightwell@harvard.edu 617-496-2524
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INTEGRAL PART OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ASSIST IN PROCESSING THE PROPOSAL. SSN SOLICITED UNDER NSF ACT OF 1950, AS AMENDED.
Page 2 of 2
Aug 24 2006 6:49PM
0649641

COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT/SOLICITATION NO./CLOSING DATE/if not in response to a program announcement/solicitation enter NSF 04-23
PD 98-1620 08/15/06
FOR CONSIDERATION BY NSF ORGANIZATION UNIT(S)
OCE - MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
(Indicate the most specific unit known, i.e. program, division, etc.)
FOR NSF USE ONLY
NSF PROPOSAL NUMBER
DATE RECEIVED NUMBER OF COPIES DIVISION ASSIGNED FUND CODE DUNS# (Data Universal Numbering System) FILE LOCATION
EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (EIN) OR
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NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION, IF DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE
SHOW PREVIOUS AWARD NO. IF THIS IS
A RENEWAL
AN ACCOMPLISHMENT-BASED RENEWAL
IS THIS PROPOSAL BEING SUBMITTED TO ANOTHER FEDERAL
AGENCY? YES NO IF YES, LIST ACRONYM(S)
ADDRESS OF AWARDEE ORGANIZATION, INCLUDING 9 DIGIT ZIP CODE
0649652
08/23/2006 1 06040000 OCE 1620 001766682
09/13/2006 6:12pm S
042105850
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
0022301000
183 OYSTER POND ROAD
FENNO HOUSE MS#39
WOODS HOLE, MA 02543-1041
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PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE (IF KNOWN)
IS AWARDEE ORGANIZATION (Check All That Apply) SMALL BUSINESS MINORITY BUSINESS IF THIS IS A PRELIMINARY PROPOSAL
(See GPG II.C For Definitions) FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION WOMAN-OWNED BUSINESS THEN CHECK HERE
TITLE OF PROPOSED PROJECT
REQUESTED AMOUNT
PROPOSED DURATION (1-60 MONTHS) REQUESTED STARTING DATE SHOW RELATED PRELIMINARY PROPOSAL NO.
$ 86,133 24 months
02/01/07
IF APPLICABLE
CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX(ES) IF THIS PROPOSAL INCLUDES ANY OF THE ITEMS LISTED BELOW
BEGINNING INVESTIGATOR (GPG I.A)
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HUMAN SUBJECTS (GPG II.D.6)
Exemption Subsection
or IRB App. Date
PROPRIETARY & PRIVILEGED INFORMATION (GPG I.B, II.C.1.d)
HISTORIC PLACES (GPG II.C.2.j)
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES: COUNTRY/COUNTRIES INVOLVED
(GPG II.C.2.j)
SMALL GRANT FOR EXPLOR. RESEARCH (SGER) (GPG II.D.1)
VERTEBRATE ANIMALS (GPG II.D.5) IACUC App. Date
HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS/OTHER GRAPHICS WHERE EXACT COLOR
REPRESENTATION IS REQUIRED FOR PROPER INTERPRETATION (GPG I.G.1)
PI/PD DEPARTMENT
Department of Geology and Geophysics
PI/PD FAX NUMBER
508-457-2187
PI/PD POSTAL ADDRESS
NAMES (TYPED) High Degree Yr of Degree Telephone Number Electronic Mail Address
PI/PD NAME
CO-PI/PD
Collaborative Research: U-Series Constraints on the Ages and
Petrogenesis of Lau Basin Lavas
360 Woods Hole Road, MS#22
Woods Hole, MA 025431541
United States
Kenneth W Sims PhD 1995 508-289-2634 ksims@whoi.edu
CO-PI/PD
CO-PI/PD
CO-PI/PD
Page 1 of 2
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0649652

CERTIFICATION PAGE
Certification for Authorized Organizational Representative or Individual Applicant:
By signing and submitting this proposal, the individual applicant or the authorized official of the applicant institution is: (1) certifying that
statements made herein are true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge; and (2) agreeing to accept the obligation to comply with NSF
award terms and conditions if an award is made as a result of this application. Further, the applicant is hereby providing certifications
regarding debarment and suspension, drug-free workplace, and lobbying activities (see below), as set forth in Grant
Proposal Guide (GPG), NSF 04-23. Willful provision of false information in this application and its supporting documents or in reports required
under an ensuing award is a criminal offense (U. S. Code, Title 18, Section 1001).
In addition, if the applicant institution employs more than fifty persons, the authorized official of the applicant institution is certifying that the institution has
implemented a written and enforced conflict of interest policy that is consistent with the provisions of Grant Policy Manual Section 510; that to the best
of his/her knowledge, all financial disclosures required by that conflict of interest policy have been made; and that all identified conflicts of interest will have
been satisfactorily managed, reduced or eliminated prior to the institution’s expenditure of any funds under the award, in accordance with the
institution’s conflict of interest policy. Conflicts which cannot be satisfactorily managed, reduced or eliminated must be disclosed to NSF.
Drug Free Work Place Certification
By electronically signing the NSF Proposal Cover Sheet, the Authorized Organizational Representative or Individual Applicant is providing the Drug Free Work Place Certification
contained in Appendix C of the Grant Proposal Guide.
Debarment and Suspension Certification
(If answer "yes", please provide explanation.)
Is the organization or its principals presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared ineligible, or voluntarily excluded
from covered transactions by any Federal department or agency? Yes No
By electronically signing the NSF Proposal Cover Sheet, the Authorized Organizational Representative or Individual Applicant is providing the Debarment and Suspension Certification
contained in Appendix D of the Grant Proposal Guide.
Certification Regarding Lobbying
This certification is required for an award of a Federal contract, grant, or cooperative agreement exceeding $100,000 and for an award of a Federal loan or
a commitment providing for the United States to insure or guarantee a loan exceeding $150,000.
Certification for Contracts, Grants, Loans and Cooperative Agreements
The undersigned certifies, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, that:
(1) No federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid, by or on behalf of the undersigned, to any person for influencing or attempting to influence
an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in connection
with the awarding of any federal contract, the making of any Federal grant, the making of any Federal loan, the entering into of any cooperative agreement,
and the extension, continuation, renewal, amendment, or modification of any Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.
(2) If any funds other than Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid to any person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or
employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in connection with this
Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement, the undersigned shall complete and submit Standard Form-LLL, ‘‘Disclosure of Lobbying
Activities,’’ in accordance with its instructions.
(3) The undersigned shall require that the language of this certification be included in the award documents for all subawards at all tiers including
subcontracts, subgrants, and contracts under grants, loans, and cooperative agreements and that all subrecipients shall certify and disclose accordingly.
This certification is a material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed when this transaction was made or entered into. Submission of this
certification is a prerequisite for making or entering into this transaction imposed by section 1352, Title 31, U.S. Code. Any person who fails to file the
required certification shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $10,000 and not more than $100,000 for each such failure.
AUTHORIZED ORGANIZATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE DATE
NAME
Claire L Reid
Electronic Signature
TELEPHONE NUMBER ELECTRONIC MAIL ADDRESS FAX NUMBER
508-289-2462 creid@whoi.edu 508-457-2189
*SUBMISSION OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS IS VOLUNTARY AND WILL NOT AFFECT THE ORGANIZATION’S ELIGIBILITY FOR AN AWARD. HOWEVER, THEY ARE AN
INTEGRAL PART OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ASSIST IN PROCESSING THE PROPOSAL. SSN SOLICITED UNDER NSF ACT OF 1950, AS AMENDED.
Page 2 of 2
Aug 23 2006 8:58AM
0649652

PROJECT SUMMARY
Intellectual Merit: We propose an intensive U-series study of volcanics from the Lau
back-arc basin, which is an Integrated Study Site (ISS) for the Ridge2000 program. The Eastern
Lau Spreading Center provides a natural experiment thanks to progressive change in the distance
of the spreading center from the trench from south to north. Recent cruises have led to detailed
maps, the discovery and characterization of five new vent fields, and closely spaced rock
sampling. The rock sampling has led to the best sampled back-arc basin spreading center, with
precisely located, axial samples in a well determined tectonic context. Extensive major element,
trace element, volatile element and isotopic data have been obtained for these samples. This
exceptional sample collection, the new comprehensive data set, and the unique tectonic context of
the Lau spreading centers provide new opportunities for U-series studies.
We propose measurements of U, Th and Ra isotopes with two major goals: (1) To constrain
the origin and transport time of subduction components. Excesses akin to convergent margin
lavas are a characteristic aspect of back-arc basin lavas and distinguish them from open ocean
spreading centers. Published data from convergent margins appear to require distinct time scales
from U-Th and Ra-Th isotopes, and have correlations of 238 U and 226 Ra excesses with subduction
signatures such as Ba/Th. Further from the trench at back-arcs, the time scales for fluid transport
should differ. We have the entire range of U/Th ratios at diverse distances from the arc. Do
these relationships between U-series excesses and subduction components change with arc
distance, and can they be used to constrain fluid transport times from slab to surface? Our
existing geochemical data also provide evidence for two distinct fluid compositions, and
systematic correlations between U-Th systematics and long-lived radiogenic isotopes. Thus we
have the potential to further constrain both the origin of the U-series excesses, and the timing
between creation of these excesses and surface eruption. (2) To provide the necessary age
constraints for further development and understanding of the ISS. Age constraints are essential to
relate volcanic activity to tectonics, variations in the underlying magma chamber reflector, and
temporal changes in lava compositions. They also are an essential link between the volcanic
system and the hydrothermal and biological activities that are supported and impacted by
fluctuations in volcanism. Questions such as whether segments have been recently active,
whether there is a relationship between lava age and the presence of magma chamber reflectors,
how age distribution may vary with subduction input cannot begin to be addressed without age
constraints. While “model ages” as applied on the EPR may not be applicable in this region, age
constraints from U-series can still be obtained, and are essential for a host of questions and
hypotheses for the Ridge system from mantle to microbe. We thus propose measurement of 40
samples for U-Th-Ra measurements, and 5-10 samples for 210 Pb measurements to identify
eruptions that may be

TABLE OF CONTENTS
For font size and page formatting specifications, see GPG section II.C.
Total No. of
Pages
Page No.*
(Optional)*
Cover Sheet for Proposal to the National Science Foundation
Project Summary (not to exceed 1 page)
Table of Contents
Project Description (Including Results from Prior
NSF Support) (not to exceed 15 pages) (Exceed only if allowed by a
specific program announcement/solicitation or if approved in
advance by the appropriate NSF Assistant Director or designee)
References Cited
Biographical Sketches (Not to exceed 2 pages each)
Budget
(Plus up to 3 pages of budget justification)
1
1
15
6
4
5
Current and Pending Support
Facilities, Equipment and Other Resources
Special Information/Supplementary Documentation
1
2
2
Appendix (List below. )
(Include only if allowed by a specific program announcement/
solicitation or if approved in advance by the appropriate NSF
Assistant Director or designee)
Appendix Items:
*Proposers may select any numbering mechanism for the proposal. The entire proposal however, must be paginated.
Complete both columns only if the proposal is numbered consecutively.
0649641

TABLE OF CONTENTS
For font size and page formatting specifications, see GPG section II.C.
Total No. of
Pages
Page No.*
(Optional)*
Cover Sheet for Proposal to the National Science Foundation
Project Summary (not to exceed 1 page)
Table of Contents
Project Description (Including Results from Prior
NSF Support) (not to exceed 15 pages) (Exceed only if allowed by a
specific program announcement/solicitation or if approved in
advance by the appropriate NSF Assistant Director or designee)
1
0
References Cited
Biographical Sketches (Not to exceed 2 pages each)
Budget
(Plus up to 3 pages of budget justification)
2
8
Current and Pending Support
Facilities, Equipment and Other Resources
Special Information/Supplementary Documentation
1
1
2
Appendix (List below. )
(Include only if allowed by a specific program announcement/
solicitation or if approved in advance by the appropriate NSF
Assistant Director or designee)
Appendix Items:
*Proposers may select any numbering mechanism for the proposal. The entire proposal however, must be paginated.
Complete both columns only if the proposal is numbered consecutively.
0649652

1. Results from Prior NSF Support:
Results from Prior NSF Support: Charles Langmuir
OCE-0242618 “Collaborative Research: Integrated Hydrothermal and Petrological
Studies of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center”: 08-01-2004 to 07-31-2007, $447,553.00
This proposal funded a sea-going program that took place in October 2004. Three new vent
fields on the Eastern Lau Spreading center (ELSC) were discovered using a phased exploration
approach with the Automated Benthic Explorer (ABE). One of these sites (the ABE site) has since
been designated as the “bulls-eye” for the Ridge2000 Integrated Study Site. We also occupied 203
sampling sites along the ELSC and Valu Fa Ridge, and were able to map in detail the petrological
and geochemical variations that take place along the spreading center at varying distances from the
volcanic front. More than 600 samples have been analyzed for major elements by electron
microprobe. High precision trace elements by ICP-MS have been determined on more than 150
samples, and 200 samples have been analyzed for major and trace elements by DCP. Isotope data
collection on more than 50 samples is underway, and the same samples are being analyzed for
water, CO 2 and Cl by Peter Michael, and for He isotopes by David Graham. These data are
discussed below. Results from this cruise were supplied to subsequent cruises exploring the ELSC
hydrothermal systems in more detail, have been imparted to the data management site, and have
been presented in more than a dozen abstracts at the AGU meetings 2004 and 2005, and the
Goldschmidt Conference in 2006. Publications supported by this grant are indicated by the * in the
reference list.
Results from Prior NSF-OCE Support: K.W.W. Sims
OCE0137325 “Spatial and Temporal Variations in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt Geochemistry
Along and Across the East Pacific Rise Crest, 9-10°N”, $179,630.
OCE-9730967 “U-Series Analyses of Young Lavas from the East Pacific Rise 9°48'N to
9°52'N: Using Lavas from the 1991 Eruption as a Baseline to Constrain the Nature and
Timing of MORB Petrogenesis”, $180,890.
With these two grants we have measured U-Th-Ra and U-Pa disequilibria, Hf, Nd, Sr and Pb
isotopic and major- and trace-element compositions in 54 samples, selected from a suite of MORB
that spans the ridge crest from 9° 28'–52'N and across it for ~4 km to either side. Sr, Nd, Hf and
208Pb/206Pb isotopic compositions of the off-axis N-MORB are identical to the axial lavas, but
have larger U-Th and Th-Ra disequilibria and younger model ages than would be predicted from
their off-axis distance. The anomalously young ages of most off-axis lavas suggest that volcanic
construction along this region occurs over a zone that is wider than previously thought.
In addition to the nine published manuscripts from this work (indicated by ** in reference list),
there are fifteen published abstracts resulting from the presentation of this work at professional
meetings, including two invited talks for AGU (Spring, 1999, Boston MA; Spring, 2003, Nice
France), and four invited keynote (Goldschmidt Conferences: 2000, Oxford, England; 2002 Davos,
Switzerland; and 2005, Moscow Idaho, US; and IAVCEI, China 2006).
J. Standish: No prior NSF support.
2. INTRODUCTION
This proposal has two aims that can be elucidated through U-series analyses of newly collected
samples from the Lau back-arc basin. The first aim is to carry out the most complete U-series study
of a back-arc basin ever undertaken in order to constrain the sources of subduction components in
back-arcs and compare these results to published data from the neighboring Tonga arc. The second
is to develop the age constraints that are essential to relate volcanism, petrology, hydrothermal
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activity, tectonics, seismic axial magma chamber reflectors and the biology of hydrothermal vents.
Developing these relationships is the essence of the Integrated Study Site (ISS) theme of the RIDGE
2000 program. The recent intensive sampling of the ELSC provides the best back-arc sample set in
the world to address these problems.
Comments on prior submission
This is the second submission of this proposal. The panel summary stated: “without exception,
the readers and the panel felt the PI team was talented and productive and that a U-series study is
needed for Lau Basin lavas.” Nonetheless, half the reviewers raised specific concerns about the
proposal, and we have revised the proposal accordingly.
The “issues that loomed large in the Program's decision not to fund” include: 1) skepticism
concerning the use of U-series “model ages” in back arc settings; 2) insufficient statement of
testable hypotheses; 3) uncertainty about work on rocks from the upcoming Fisher cruise (Sept
2006); 4) concerns regarding the time allotted for the study given the fact that the U-series lab at
Harvard is not yet set up; and 5) inadequate detail on the number of analyses.
To address these concerns: 1) We have recast the dating component of this study to focus on the
age constraints obtainable by U-series limits rather than “model ages”, and explained why age
constraints are essential for development and testing of hypotheses. 2) We provide explicit
examples of how the U-series measurements will be combined with other geochemical and isotopic
data to test hypotheses, and how our predicted findings test published interpretations of Tonga Arc
petrology. 3) We now propose to study a sample suite that comes entirely from samples currently in
our collection. (In addition, should any important samples come back from the upcoming Fisher
cruise these will also be incorporated into this study.) 4) We more clearly outline the relationship
between Harvard and WHOI and point out that Jeff Standish will not be setting up the Harvard U-
series lab from scratch, but will instead be transferring the techniques he learned at WHOI to the
existing and operational Harvard clean lab using the techniques he learned as a WHOI student and
Sims’s well-calibrated U, Th, Ra spikes. Should unforeseen problems arise, the chemistry can
always be done at WHOI, which is only 90 minutes from Harvard. The mass spectrometry will also
be performed at WHOI, which has a long record of published results on U-series disequilibria.
Therefore, there are no technical impediments to the proposed work. 5) We provide a detailed work
plan that identifies samples and the time line for task completion.
We also note that the proposed study relies on the particular skills of Jeff Standish, who is
experienced with ocean ridge studies and with U-series analysis [Standish & Sims, submitted;
Standish 2005]. Standish is currently a post-doc at Harvard, and is not listed as co-PI only because
of Harvard policies with respect to post-docs. Should the proposal not be funded, Standish’s
availability will end, and the necessary personnel will no longer be in place.
3. BACKGROUND The Lau Integrated Study Site and Bulls-Eye Selection
Subduction of the Pacific plate at the Tonga trench has led to the formation of the NE-SW
trending Tonga volcanic arc and the associated Lau Basin (Fig. 1). Spreading in the southern
portion of the basin is accommodated along two main rifts, the Central Lau Spreading Center
(CLSC) and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC), separated by an offset that contains the
Intermediate Lau Spreading Center (ILSC). The spreading rate increases southward from 65 mm/yr
at 21ºS to 90 mm/yr at 18ºS [Taylor et al., 1996]. Based on parallels with open ocean ridges, the
ridge morphology would be expected to vary from crestal plateau in the north to rift valley
morphology and greater tectonism in the south. Instead, at the southern end of the rift, where the
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Figure 1: From Martinez & Taylor [Martinez and Taylor, 2002], with the addition of newly
discovered ventfields during the R2K expeditions. Map and axial profiles of the Lau spreading center.
a, Map view of the bathymetry. b, Along-axis depth profile (black line) and distance of the spreading
centers from the volcanic front (red line). Green areas labeled AMCR indicate where axial magma
chamber reflectors have been observed. Blue triangles show known active hydrothermal sites, which
have their names next to them. c, Across-axis area (dots) and spreading rate variations (red line). A–T,
Australia–Tonga spreading rates. A–N, Australia–Niuafo’ou spreading rates. d, Adjusted mantle
Bouguer anomaly (aMBA; red line) and free-air anomaly (black line).. e, Map view of the adjusted
mantle Bouguer anomaly. Warm colors indicate relatively thin crust, and cool colors relatively thick
crust. Panels a and e have a tectonic interpretation showing location of the boundary (ticked line)
between the older crust of the basin (1) and various outlined crustal domains (2–4) associated with the
Lau spreading centers (white lines). Dashed line indicates arc volcanic front of the Tofua arc.
spreading rate is slowest, the Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) is shallow with a prominent axial high, limited
faulting, thick crust and a bright axial magma chamber (AMC) reflector [Morton and Sleep, 1985;
Turner et al., 1999 – see Fig. 1]. Towards the north, as spreading rates increase, ridge depth
descends from 1700 to 3300 m, there is a well developed rift valley, the crust thins, and the AMC
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eflector disappears. These changes correspond with a progressive change in distance from the arc,
from 35km behind the island of Ata in the south, to 100km at the northern end of the ELSC. The
progressive change in distance from the volcanic front suggests the subduction component in the
south leads to enhanced magmatic productivity, and that proximity to the arc trumps spreading rate
in its influence on ridge morphology [Martinez et al., 2006]. These clear tectonic relationships make
an ideal back-arc environment to study how slab components vary with distance from the arc, how
long it takes slab components to ascend from mantle wedge to the surface, and how slab fluids
influence mantle melting.
To take advantage of this unique tectonic setting, the Ridge 2000 program designated the Lau
Basin one of three global integrated study sites (ISS). Initial investigations took place over four
cruises during 2004-2005 that carried out high resolution mapping, plume detection, closely spaced
rock sampling, and vent field discovery and characterization along the ELSC. The nested series of
cruises provides exceptional knowledge of this spreading center (Fig. 2). The second cruise, led by
Charles Langmuir, used the Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE) to discover three new
hydrothermal fields, named ABE, TowCam, and Kilo Moana, and sampled lavas at 203 stations
along the entire length of the ELSC, for an average sample spacing of 3km. The latest general
meeting of the R2K program took place in Vancouver in November 2005, where results and data
from the Phase I cruises were shared with the community. At this meeting, the ABE vent field (see
Fig. 2) was selected as the “bullseye”
for the Lau ISS, where small
scale, focused studies will be
concentrated. At the same time,
the vision of a broad integrated
study site with a bulls-eye as only
one component of the program
was reaffirmed.
A critical aspect for the
purposes of this proposal is that
rock sampling was carried out
with the benefit of DSL-120
bathymetry and side-scan from the
first cruise led by Fernando
Martinez that provide 1-2 meter
bathymetry and knowledge of the
areas of youngest volcanism. Thus
we have very well located samples
predicted to be geologically “zero
Figure 2: Left panel – High-resolution
bathymetry of the ABE vent field. Red
dots show temperature anomalies
collected during bottom camera runs
over the vent fields. Right panel - New
sample locations from the ELSC and
VFR, along with vent field locations.
Sample spacing is an average of 3km,
with higher density in the vent field
regions.
age” in the context of highresolution
bathymetry and sidescan,
chimney locations and
compositions, and 2-D maps of
biota distribution. The sampling
and accompanying data set of
major elements, trace elements,
and isotopes create an
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unparalleled opportunity for U-series study of a back-arc basin.
4. INITIAL GEOCHEMICAL RESULTS FROM R2K LAU STUDIES
Samples from every station that recovered material have been analyzed for major elements by
electron microprobe, and most stations have been analyzed for ICP-MS trace elements using a
combination of solution and laser ablation methods. Pb, Sr, and Nd isotope data are in the process
of being obtained for more than 50 stations, and there are also abundant helium isotope data.
Earlier data from this region pointed out the contrast between samples from the CLSC to the
northwest of our study region, and the Valu Fa ridge, in the southern part of our study region. Our
new samples allow a clear definition of this chemical transition. As is apparent from Figure 3, there
is a progressive increase in U/Th to the south, and a strong augmentation of Ba occurs near 21°S, at
the same latitude as a step function jump in the Ba/U ratio. These elements are particularly
significant for U-series, because Ba is an analogue element for the behavior of Ra, and the two
elements share many chemical characteristics.
Figure 3: New data from the ELSC and VFR plotted vs. latitude. Note the rather smooth increase in
U/Th ratio towards the south as the arc is approached, and the abrupt peak in Ba/Th near 21°S. Ba has
similar chemical behavior to Ra. Samples enclosed in hexagons have been selected for the first U-
series measurements.
The intriguing behavior of Ba and U is shown more fully in Figure 4. U/Th increases with
H 2 O/Ce, suggesting that the U is carried by the hydrous subduction component. Note the entire
range occurs in the northernmost segment, ELSC 1. Ba and U show two distinct trends in their
behavior. The northern ELSC segments, ELSC 1, 2 and 3, lie on distinct trends compared to ELSC4
and the Valu Fa ridge segments. This behavior raises the possibility of distinct fluid components in
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the north and south, perhaps related to a change in fluid composition from the slab, or a change in
fluid composition as it is transported through the wedge. A comparison with the earlier results of
Peate et al [2001] from this region is instructive, as it shows the advantages of a more
comprehensive set of samples. Our data cover a larger range of variation, and show systematics that
would not be apparent with a limited sample set.
Figure 4: Comparison of the new data set (upper & lower left panels) with published data of Peate et
al [2001] (upper & lower right panels). The new data define different mixing end members and show
the possibility of two distinct, U-rich hydrous components. Samples enclosed by hexagons have been
selected for the first U-series measurements.
An important aspect of our sample set is that the northernmost segment on the ELSC, ELSC 1,
which is farthest from the arc, has two series of lavas, one high in water with a substantial arc
component, and the other low in water. This is apparent from inspection of Figure 4-- the entire
range of U/Th s displayed by ELSC 1 samples—all the same distance from the trench. As discussed
below, high U/Th associated with high water content is a characteristic influence of the arc
signature. This arc signature is present throughout our sample suite and thus at all distances from
the volcanic front, providing a means to test interpretations of U-series data that have not been
possible in other studies of convergent margin lavas.
Owing to space constraints, these preliminary data only superficially touch the extensive
geochemical data set that we have obtained that can be compared to and used to elucidate the
significance of new U-series measurements. The chemical systematics suggest two distinct
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components with different behavior of U and Ba. These components are regularly distributed along
the ELSC, providing spatial constraints. There is regular variation in long-lived radiogenic isotopes
that correlates with U (Fig. 5). Since the long-lived isotopes constrain the sources of materials, this
permits the relationship of the U-rich (fluid) to a specific source component. And we have strong
subduction influences apparent in water contents and
U/Th ratios at varying distances from the volcanic
front.
Figure 5: Upper panel – 206 Pb/ 204 Pb
values increase southward with
decreasing distance to the arc. Lower
panel -
206 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. U/La again
showing very systematic correlation
along the ELSC and Valu Fa. Two
points lying above the trend are E-
MORB.
5. SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS TO BE
ADDRESSED
There are two main scientific areas of study that
are pertinent to U-series studies in the Lau Integrated
Study Site. The first is to use U-series data in a backarc
setting to further constrain the origin of
subduction components and their transport time from
slab to surface. The second is to provide age
constraints (note we are not claiming precise ages,
but constraints on ages) for study of the integrated
study site. Age constraints are fundamental to a host
of geological and biological problems and create the
opportunity for a new depth of understanding of
ocean ridge construction.
U-series and arc volcanism
U-series disequilibria is sensitive to recent
elemental fractionation, and provides time
constraints on arc processes that are not addressed by
conventional geochemical methods. In ridge and
plume settings, 230 Th- 238 U disequilibria have been
interpreted primarily in the context of melt
generation and magma transport processes, such as
chromatographic porous flow or dynamic melting
(e.g., [Condomines et al., 1988; Reintiz and
Turekian, 1989; Goldstein et al, 1989; 1992; 1993;
1994; Rubin and McDougall, 1988; 1992; Bourdon et
al., 1996; Lundstrom et al., 1995; 1999; 2000;
Lundstrom, 2003; Sims et al., 1995; 1999; 2002;
2003; Peate, 2001; Tepley et al., 2004; Mckenzie,
1985; Spiegelman and Elliott, 1992]). The nearly
uniform presence of 230 Th -excesses in MORB and plume basalts implies a component of deep
melting in the presence of residual garnet [Beattie, 1993]. In clear contrast to MORB and OIB, most
subduction zone lavas contain excess 238 U, plotting to the right of the equiline on 230 Th- 238 U
isochron diagrams (see Fig. 6) [Gill and Williams, 1990; McDermott and Hawkesworth, 1991;
Reagan et al., 1994; Elliott et al., 1997; Hawkesworth et al., 1997; Turner et al., 1997; Turner et al.,
2003]. Condomines et al. [1988] and Gill and Williams [1990] suggested that widespread U
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Figure 6: Left panel - U excesses are commonly found in the convergent margin setting, as
illustrated with these data from the Tonga-Kermadec arc by Turner & Hawkesworth (1997). These
data are interpreted as a U-rich fluid from the slab added to the mantle wedge source region. The
slope of the data is most simply interpreted as the time elapsed between fluid release from the slab
and eruption [Turner & Hawkesworth, 1997]. Right panel – Compilation of worldwide arc data
[Turner et al., 2001] showing the largest ( 226 Ra/ 230 Th) ratios are correlated with the highest Ba/Th.
Ba/Th ratios serve as sensitive indicator of fluid addition. The horizontal dashed line at Ba/Th=500
marks the upper limit for Lau basalts (Fig. 4).
excesses in island arc lavas are due to preferential addition of U over Th in metasomatic fluids from
the subducting plate. Most subsequent workers have concurred with this assessment.
Controversy exists, however, about the time interval between slab fluid release and eruption of
lavas at the surface that preserves the 238 U excess. Most arc data have slopes on 230 Th – 238 U
isochron diagrams, ranging in apparent age from 10,000 to some 80,000 years or more, which can
be interpreted as a time of transport from the slab. Indeed, many recent papers have argued for the
fidelity of these time scales (e.g., [Elliott et al., 1997; Turner et al., 1997; Turner et al., 1998;
Bourdon et al., 1999; Turner et al 2003; Bourdon et al 2003]). The Tonga arc is typical in this
regard with a positively sloped array of data that Turner and Hawkesworth [1997] interpret has an
age of 30,0,00 years between fluid formation and volcanic eruption (Fig. 6). At the same time,
interpretation of Pb isotope data from the Tonga arc has been used to argue for several million-year
time scales for fluid transport from the slab to the arc [Regelous et al., 1997; Ewart et al., 1998].
These long transport times, however, are difficult to reconcile with the observed 226 Ra excesses
that are found in arc lavas [Hoogewerff et al., 1997; Turner et al., 2001; Sigmarsson et al., 2002;
George et al., 2003; George et al., 2004]. 226 Ra has a half-life of only 1600 years, and no
measurable excess would remain after about 10,000 years. If 238 U and 226 Ra excesses both result
from fractionation during subduction, and transport of U takes >10,000 years, the Ra excess should
have decayed away. On the other hand, if Ra excesses were produced in the melting column, as is
considered the case for ocean ridges, then perhaps Ra excesses would not be associated with
subduction flux. This latter possibility has been effectively refuted for the volcanic front by very
large Ra excesses in arc volcanics, and particularly by the good correlations between Ra excess and
Ba/Th ratios for the Tonga arc [Turner et al., 2000], subsequently shown to be a general
phenomenon for arcs worldwide [Turner et al., 2001] (Fig. 6). Increases in Ba/Th are attributed to
“fluid addition” and suggest the Ra excesses are derived from a slab fluid flux, not melting column
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effects, with a time interval between slab release and eruption of less than 10 thousand years
[Reagan et al., 1994; Turner et al., 2001; Sigmarsson et al., 2002; George et al., 2003; Zellmer et al.,
2005]. Proposed mechanisms to resolve these conflicting results include distinct slab components
with different time scales of transport (e.g.,[ Turner et al., 2000]), disequilibrium melting in the
presence of amphibole and phlogopite [Feineman and DePaolo, 2004], or incongruent melting of
the lower crust [Dufek and Cooper, 2005].
U-Series studies of back-arc basins
There are several advantages to studying back-arc lavas in addition to volcanic arc lavas. The
back-arc lavas create the crust at spreading centers, so crustal interaction is minimized, as is
transport time through the crust. The back-arc basins also add the spatial perspective (i.e. width)
within the subduction zone environment, which enables modeling the transport of slab components
carried by fluids or slab melts into the mantle wedge. Where the width varies systematically, as is
the case in the Lau Basin, conditions are particularly favorable for studying the spatial and temporal
variations of slab components.
Gill’s pioneering U-series measurements (alpha-counting data) on back-arc samples [Gill &
Williams, 1990] made the significant contribution of showing the presence of disequilibrium. More
recently, two back-arc basins, the Lau Basin and East Scotia Basin, have been the subject of high
precision U-series studies [Peate et al., 2001; Fretzdorff et al., 2003]. The existing data from Lau
and East Scotia show that U-series disequilibrium is variable, ranging from significant U excesses
to moderate Th excesses, with moderate Ra excesses in the few measured samples from the Lau
Basin (no Ra data have been published for the East Scotia Basin). In the Lau Basin, the Valu Fa
Ridge, closest to the arc front, is the most “arc-like,” with U-excesses and trace element and
isotopic compositions similar to Tonga arc volcanics. With increasing distance from the arc front,
the lavas from the Central Lau Basin (including the northern ELSC, ILSC, and CLSC) are more
MORB-like in composition with ( 230 Th/ 238 U) > 1 [Peate et al., 2001]. However, the long stretch of
the ELSC from 21.4ºS to 19.7ºS was not sampled at the time of their study and thus there are no U-
series data from most of our study region. In addition, no high water samples such as those we have
sampled for the northern ELSC have yet been measured for U-series.
Opportunities of the new sample and data set for U-series studies
Our data from the ELSC show the importance of the slab fluid component in generating high
ratios of U/La and Ba/La that correlate with the Pb isotopes. At the same time, the ELSC is a
spreading environment, and melting column effects on U-series would be expected. The melting
column effects in back-arc basins are themselves of considerable interest, because of the lack of
apparent garnet signature in back-arc basin basalts as water is added to the system. As shown by
Langmuir et al [in press], Dy/Yb ratios, a clear signature of garnet influence, increase markedly
with water contents for the mid-Atlantic ridge near the Azores, but do not change at all with high
water contents for the Lau and Mariana back-arc basins. Major element constraints also indicate that
the effects of water on back-arc basin lavas are shallow and not deep. In this case, the water effect
would not take place in the presence of garnet, and therefore would not be expected to contribute to
Th excesses in back-arc basin lavas. Furthermore, at open ocean ridges much of the garnet influence
comes from the “wings” of the melting regime, and there is no room for such “wings” on the arcside
of back-arc spreading centers. Thus the melting column effects in back-arcs could differ
fundamentally in back-arcs as compared to open ocean ridges.
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There is thus a rich array of problems that can be addressed by detailed study of ELSC samples
that (1) are sampled with the benefit of high resolution side scan and bathymetry and therefore are
very likely to be young and the best candidates to preserve U-series disequilibria; (2) exhibit large
and systematic variations in fluid signature as recorded by U/Th, Ba/La and Pb isotopes, all
pertinent to the investigation and interpretation of U-series data; and (3) have as large variations in
( 238 U/ 232 Th) that correlate with water contents in the northernmost ridge segment ELSC 1, as are
present in the south. Specific problems we will be able to elucidate include:
• Do 226 Ra excesses correlate with Ba/La and Ba/Th for our sample suite? Is the spike in Ba
observed at 21°S associated with an increase in 226 Ra excess? If found, this would be evidence of
control of Ra excess by a subduction component, even in the back-arc. This would provide a new
constraint on the timing hypotheses for Ra excesses, because the back-arc is much farther from a
source of fluids that would lead to correlated Ra and Ba excesses. If such a correlation exists, then
one needs to imagine very rapid transport independent of distance from the volcanic front, which
would be problematic, possibly necessitating alternative models for the Ra excess occurring just
beneath the sites of magmatism. Thus we can test the hypothesis that the Ba- 226 Ra/ 230 Th correlation
should disappear in the back-arc setting, and that back-arc 226 Ra excesses would be associated with
melting column effects as at open ocean ridges.
• U-excesses for the Tonga volcanic front are interpreted as reflecting a processing age in the
mantle wedge of 30,000years. We have a large variation in U/Th in ELSC 1, much farther from the
arc. Do these samples lie on the same trend as the arc, suggesting a mixing origin for all of the
data? Do they show an older apparent age, which might be expected for a longer fluid residence
time with increasing distance form the trench? Are they instead dominated by melting column
processes, and hence show no correlation between U-excess and other indicators of a slab
component, or possibly even show Th excess at the same time as the U-enrichment from a slab
component? Depending on the results, these data will impact the understanding and interpretation of
the apparent ages of fluid transport inferred from arc U-series studies.
• For samples in the north with no apparent slab component, are Th and Ra excesses
consistent with the melting column processes of open ocean ridges, or do they differ, suggesting a
different melting regime environment? This will test the arguments of Kelley et al., [in press] and
Langmuir et al., [in press] for differences in the melting regime in the back-arc as compared to open
ocean environment.
All these interpretations will be furthered by the extensive geochemical data sets obtained on the
same samples. Our sample set combines exceptional spatial and tectonic control with high quality
data from our on-going studies of major elements [Bezos et al., 2004], trace elements [Bezos et al.,
2005], radiogenic isotopes [Escrig et al., 2005], helium isotopes [Goddard et al., 2005] and volatiles
[Michael et al., 2005]. Our proposed work will provide the most exhaustive and complete data set in
a back-arc environment, and may lead to significant new constraints on the interpretation of U-
series data at convergent margins, and our understanding of the nature and timing of formation and
delivery of subduction components to the surface.
We are well aware that one of these questions requires very young samples that preserve their
eruptive 226 Ra disequilibria. Such recent volcanism has often been the case at ocean spreading
centers, and simple geological considerations are supportive of this possibility for our samples as
well. Based on the high-resolution side scan and bathymetry, the precise and short dredge tracks,
and existence of many very well located rock core samples with sufficient glass, we believe that
most sample locations are within the zone of youngest volcanism. Certainly within the areas where
we have SM2000 bathymetry and where Jason samples were collected, we are within such a very
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limited neovolcanic zone. Crustal spreading rate ages (based on a spreading rate of 66 mm/yr are
predicted to be less than 3000 years for a 200m wide swath, and surface lavas are very likely
substantially younger than that. Thus we expect to find significant ( 226 Ra/ 230 Th) disequilibria
commonly within our sample set, as is generally true for samples collected from the neovolcanic
zone of ocean ridges.
U-series constraints on the Lava Eruption Ages
Time is an essential aspect of understanding geological processes. Without time constraints,
many central questions about how spreading centers work, and how the various aspects of the ridge
system relate to one another can never be answered. While length limits prohibit any kind of
exhaustive discussion of this topic, here are some examples. What is the frequency of volcanic
eruptions at spreading centers, and how do they vary with spreading rate and magmatic budget?
How does hydrothermal activity vary with length of time since an eruption? What are the
differences in biological and hydrothermal systems that are built on young versus old volcanic
terrain? When there is no axial magma chamber reflector, is the neo-volcanic zone older? Have
there been eruptions recently such that active monitoring of a particular segment is likely to be
worthwhile? How do ages vary with spatial position within and across a ridge segment?
Thus age constraints are not a detail - they are essential. Without them, our understanding of
ridge systems will be forever limited.
Dating volcanics from spreading centers is difficult, however, because conventional dating
techniques are inapplicable. U-series dating is the current method that provides the best age
constraints for young ridge volcanism. It is perhaps necessary to point out that age constraints from
U-series are not controversial. There may be arguments about the tightness of the constraints, but
the general framework is now well established.
The use of U-series disequilibrium measurements as a dating technique, using both the longer
( 230 Th, 231 Pa, 226 Ra) and shorter-lived ( 210 Po, 210 Pb) U-series nuclides has been extensively
evaluated at one of the other R2K ISS sites, 9º-10º N on the EPR [Goldstein et al., 1994; Rubin et
al., 1994; Sims, et al., 2002; Zou et al., 2002; Sim et al., 2003; Rubin et al., 2005]. Yet, no such
constraints exist for the Lau ISS. If comparable data sets are to be compared for these different
regions, Lau back-arc basin data are necessary.
Regardless of how U-series disequilibrium is created or enhanced, in the absence of secondary
processes (e.g. post-eruptive alteration), any disequilibria ceases to be produced once the lava is
erupted. Thus, upon eruption the lava acts as a radioactive “stop-watch” with parent and daughter
isotopes moving back toward secular equilibrium, which is attained after about five half-lives.
While absolute ages are often problematic with this method, good age constraints can be obtained
by making use of different radionuclides with different half-lives (see Table 1). Because of potential
problems in the back-arc setting of “model ages” as have been applied at the EPR [Goldstein et al.,
1992; Goldstein et al., 1994; Sims et al., 2003], in this study we will focus primarily on determining
eruption age limits based on the presence or absence of radioactive disequilibria.
Table 1: Age Limits from U-Series
Nuclide Pair Age Constraint
210 Pb/ 226 Ra ≠ 1

226 Ra - 230 Th disequilibria it is less than 8000 years. If it has 210 Pb disequilibrium it is younger than
100 years. In practice ages are better constrained than these minimum constraints, because samples
with large disequilibria must be much younger than the maximum age.
These age limits will also be used as an “age filter” for establishing the primary characteristics
of long-lived U-series disequilibria within lavas. That is, if lava has ( 226 Ra/ 230 Th) ≠ 1, then its
( 230 Th/ 238 U) can be considered primary. Obtaining ages for ocean ridge lavas will gradually permit
the questions and hypotheses mentioned in the first paragraph of this section to be addressed, as
well as many more questions. Without these data, our understanding will always be limited.
Actual dating of flows with U-series is possible, but is time intensive and complicated by the
possibility of long residence times for minerals (see e.g. [Cooper et al., 2000. 2003; Hawkesworth et
al., 2004]. This could be a very useful approach in the future for the ELSC, but in our view a first
order investigation of the U-series systematics should take place first.
Figure 7: High-resolution bathymetry of ABE vent field with
labeled samples shown from Langmuir cruise and additional
samples from Tivey et al cruise shown as red triangles. Riftaxis
denoted as white dashed line and axial-symmetric
rectangle indicates zone of new crust predicted to be < 8 ka,
based on spreading rate. Therefore, many of the samples
within the ABE vent field should possess Ra excesses. See text
for further explanation.
6. PROPOSED WORK
Our first task will be to
determine U-series disequilibrium
in along-axis samples spanning the
entire length of the ELSC. Second,
we will generate an array of
eruption age constraints at the ISS
bull’s eye site ABE, which when
combined with complementary
data (e.g. side-scan sonar, lava
flow morphology, tectonic
mapping) will serve as a
fundamental background data set
for interdisciplinary studies. This
aspect of our work will rely on
coordinated sample selection with
the hydrothermal vent and biology
groups.
We also expect to be able to
establish for the ABE region
whether significant off-axis
volcanism exists, or whether
volcanism is restricted to the
narrow rift that defines the location
of the current neo-volcanic zone.
Figure 7 shows that there is a
sufficient width of sample recovery
that we should see decay of 226 Ra -
230 Th disequilibria if samples were
erupted “on-axis” and spread to
their current location. For example,
sample DR51, inferred to be 17 ka
based on crustal spreading rates,
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lies on the far side of a ridge that separates it from the axis. If this sample proves to be young (~ 1 gram) visibly unaltered, fresh glass are indicated by
special symbols in the data figures. As with all U-series disequilibrium studies ( 234 U/ 238 U) will be
measured on each glass to ensure the absence of post-eruptive alteration or assimilation of altered
crust. We plan to analyze six samples from the ABE bulls-eye region, two from each of the other
hydrothermal sites, and thirty additional samples from the length of the ELSC and VFR,
encompassing the entire range of chemical variation. That makes a total of 44 samples. All of these
samples will be analyzed for 226 Ra, 230 Th, 232 Th, 238 U and 234 U. A subset of samples from the
hydrothermal sites will also be analyzed for 210 Pb directly by gamma measurements and by alpha
spectrometry using 210 Po as a proxy. These measurements are important as disequilibria will
indicate that the samples are less than 100 years. We have several samples appropriate for such
measurements. In addition, new samples from the Fisher cruise (see letter in Appendix) could
contribute to our U-series studies. The Scripps resident technicians are experts in rock sampling,
and will be providing the necessary on board assistance. We emphasize that we do not require these
samples for the success of our proposed program, but we will certainly make use of them if they are
obtained as planned.
Our scientific aims require high precision measurements that are possible at only a handful of
laboratories in the world. Dissolution and spiking of samples will follow the methods of [Sims et
al., 2002; Standish, 2005], which together with chemical separation techniques [Goldstein et al.,
1989; Layne and Sims, 2000] will be completed at Harvard in Langmuir’s clean lab. Standish
carried out U-series measurements as part of his thesis, and he will use the same methods and Sims’
spikes to do the chemistry at Harvard. If we hear that the proposal will be funded, Standish will
immediately begin the chemistry, and we anticipate the lab to be fully operational before the start
date of the project.
Because concentrations of U-series isotopes in volcanic rocks are very low, these measurements
also require high sensitivity and high–abundance sensitivity mass spectrometers, capable of
measuring as few as 10 8 atoms and isotopic ratios as small as 10 -6 . WHOI owns two mass
spectrometers ideally suited for the measurement of U-series nuclides, as detailed in the facilities
section, and such data from WHOI are already included in more than a dozen publications.
7. RESPONSIBILITIES OF PERSONNEL AND WORK PLAN
This work involves a multi-disciplinary approach, where diverse geochemical tools will be
combined with geological constraints and interaction with those investigating hydrothermal systems
and the biota. Our team for this proposal has the necessary background and expertise to efficiently
carry out the proposed work. Langmuir was chief scientist on the sample collection cruise, and
supervises the major element, trace element and isotope work on the samples, as well as their
interpretation within the tectonic context based on the bathymetric and sidescan data [Martinez et al.
2006)]. Sims has been responsible for the application of U-series data to problems of melt
formation, volcanology and geology in the 9°N region. Standish completed U-series work with
Sims at Woods Hole as part of his thesis, and is currently a post-doc in Langmuir’s lab at Harvard.
Bezos, who has a minor role in this project, is the Research Associate scientist working on major
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and trace element analysis and interpretation of the Lau Basin samples. His participation is to
ensure analysis of any new samples from the Fisher cruise. For the current proposal, Langmuir will
oversee the project and supervise Standish and Bezos. Standish will carry out the U-series analyses.
Reagan and Sims will carry out 210 Pb measurements on samples that have significant 226 Ra excess
using both the WHOI and U of Iowa counting laboratories. Sims will oversee the U-series
measurements at WHOI, and Sims, Standish, and Langmuir will be the primary collaborators
involved in interpretation of the results.
Standish has extensive experience in low-level (MORB) U-series chemistry from his work at
WHOI [Standish & Sims, submitted; Standish 2005], and Sims is providing the necessary wellcalibrated
233 U, 229 Th and 228 Ra spikes so no spike calibration is involved in setting up the chemistry
at Harvard. The clean lab is also fully operational with low blanks and is currently being used for
chemical separations for Sr, Nd, Pb and Os as well as ICP-MS trace element chemistry.
Furthermore, Woods Hole and Harvard are a 90 minute drive from each other, facilitating frequent
interaction, exchange of materials and reagents, instrumental tests and so on. Therefore, while we
anticipate no more than the ordinary difficulties in setting up the chemistry at Harvard, we also have
the ability to carry out chemical separations at WHOI until the Harvard lab is operational, and
therefore the progress of the project will not be impeded.
In addition to the geochemical team, we are collaborating with a large number of other
investigators working on the Lau basin. In addition to the scientists involved in the Langmuir cruise
(German, Shanks, Fornari, Yoerger, Michael, Asimow) we are collaborating with Meg Tivey and
other PI’s from her cruise to facilitate comparison with chimney and water column data, we have
provided samples for substrate experiments, and are receiving samples and biological input from
Chuck Fisher from his cruise in September of this year. We are also collaborating with Terry Plank
who is working on samples from the Tonga volcanic front, which will be a valuable comparison to
our study. We are in touch with Hilton, Hanan and Castillo at San Diego who are carrying out a
complementary study of lavas from other portions of the Lau Basin. There is no overlap with the
work proposed here. Therefore our work and interpretations will take place in the context of multidisciplinary
investigations of this region.
The detailed work plan is as follows:
Winter 2006--- U-series chemistry set up at Harvard; Sample Selection on the basis of
geochemical and geological data;
March 2007 – March 2008 Primary period of U-series data acquisition on 30 samples
Dec 2007 --- Data presentation at Fall AGU
March 2008 – February 2009-- Quantitative modeling of data; Further acquisition of U-series
data; Preparation of publications.
8. BROADER IMPLICATIONS (CRITERIA 2)
The proposed work is part of a multi-disciplinary effort to understand the ocean ridge system
from melt generation in the mantle to volcanism and life on sea floor. The combination of U-series
age constraints with geologic and tectonic controls are central to understanding the hydrothermal
and biological components of the ridge system and will enable a much better understanding of
MOR architecture and construction. Basalts serve as the dominate substrate through which
hydrothermal fluids circulate, thus eruption ages are vital during discussion of the ever changing
fluid chemistry of these relatively ephemeral vent systems. Additionally, the attendant biologic
communities harvest the volcanic energy of these systems, making temporal constraints on lava
emplacement and construction similarly important.
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An additional aspect of the proposed work is the transfer of U-series technology from WHOI to
Harvard. This will enhance the infrastructure and facilities at Harvard, while increasing the
scientific breadth of lab capabilities. This collaboration serves as an example of willing
dissemination of state of the art chemical techniques for the betterment and advancement of science.
In doing so it will provide training and professional development for a post-doctoral scholar
(Standish), Research Associate (Bezos) and numerous learning and training opportunities for
Harvard undergraduate students.
Harvard undergraduate students work routinely in Langmuir’s lab, and two or more
undergraduates will be exposed to U-series analysis through this project. Langmuir will also
prepare a U-series module for teaching in his introduction to petrology class, integrating U-series
techniques with understanding of ridge processes, and will make the module available on his web
site for other interested parties.
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2005.
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Sims, K.W.W. DePaolo D.J., Murrell M.T., Baldridge W.S., Goldstein S.J. and Clague D. A.,
Mechanisms of magma generation beneath Hawaii and mid-ocean ridges: uranium/thorium
and samarium/neodymium isotopic evidence. Science, 267, 508-512, 1995.
Sims, K.W.W. DePaolo D.J., Murrell M.T., Baldridge W.S. and Goldstein S.J., Porosity of the
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from 238 U- 230 Th- 226 Ra and 235 U- 231 Pa disequilibria. Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta, 63,
4119-4138, 1999.
**Sims, K.W.W. S.J. Goldstein, J. Blichert-Toft, M.R. Perfit, P. Kelemen, D.J. Fornari, P.
Michael, M.T. Murrell, S.R. Hart , D.J. DePaolo, G. Layne, and M. Jull., Chemical and
isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise.
Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta, 66, 3481-3504, 2002.
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Spiegelman M. and Elliott T. (1992) Consequences of melt transport for uranium series
disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 118, 1-20.
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Indian Ridge (9º-25ºE): Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process,
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dehydration events, rapid melt ascent and the time scales of differentiation beneath the
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processes through rates and chronologies. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 140, 171-191, 2005.
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Zou, H., A. Zindler and Y. Niu, Constraints on melt movement beneath the East Pacific Rise
from 230 Th- 238 U disequilibrium. Science, 295, 107-110, 2002.
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CHARLES H. LANGMUIR
Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138
PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION:
1973 : B.A. with honors - Harvard University -
History of Science and Geology
1977 : M.S. - SUNY, Stony Brook, New York
1980 : Ph.D. - SUNY, Stony Brook - Thesis Title:
A major and trace element approach to basalts
Thesis Advisor: G. N. Hanson
FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS:
2006 : National Academy of Sciences Member
2003 : Arthur Holmes Medal, European Union of Geosciences
1998 : Fellow, Geochemical Society and European Geochem. Soc.
1998 : Daly Lecturer, American Geophysical Union
1997 : Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1996 : N. L. Bowen Award, American Geophysical Union
1993 : Fellow, American Geophysical Union
1983 - 1985 : Alfred Sloan Research Fellow
1980 - 1981 : Post-doctoral fellowship from Lamont-Doherty
1973 - 1974 : Henry Russell Shaw fellowship (Harvard University)
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES:
1988 - 2005 : Editorial Board, Chemical Geology
1989 - 1999 : Editor, Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1995 - 1998 : Geochemical Society Goldschmidt Committee
1995 - 1996 : National Science Foundation, Ocean Sciences Review Board
1998 - 2000 : Co-founder, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
2000 - 2002 : AGU Nominations Committee
2002- 2005 : Ridge 2000 Steering Committee
EMPLOYMENT:
1981 - 1986 : Assistant Professor, Lamont-Doherty Earth Obs., of
Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964
1986 - 1988 : Associate Professor, Lamont-Doherty Earth Obs.
1988 - 2002 : Professor, Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs.
1989 - 2002 : Arthur D. Storke Memorial Professor, Lamont-Doherty
1989 - 1990 : Visiting Scientist, Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris
2002 - 2003 : Visiting Scientist, Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris
2002- : Professor of Geochemistry, Harvard University
SEAGOING EXPERIENCE:
15 cruises, 8 as chief scientist or co-chief scientist
Five Relevant and Five Other Publications
Langmuir, C. H., Bender, J. F., Bence, A. E., Hanson, G. N. & Taylor, S. R., 1977. Petrogenesis
of basalts from the FAMOUS area: Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 36, 133-156.
Langmuir, C., Bender, J. & Batiza, R., 1986. Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East
Pacific Rise, 5°30'-14°30'N. Nature 322, 422-429.
Langmuir, C. H., E. M. Klein, and T. Plank (1992) Petrological Systematics of Mid-Ocean Ridge
Basalts: Constraints on Melt Generation Beneath Ocean Ridges, AGU Monograph, 71,
183-280.
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Langmuir, C. H., Humphris, S., Fornari, D., VanDover, C., VonDamm, K., Tivey, M. K.,
Colodner, D., Charlou, J. L., Desonie, D., Wilson, C., Fouquet, Y., Klinkhammer, G. &
Bougault, H., 1997. Hydrothermal vents near a mantle hotspot: The Lucky Strike vent
field at 37 °N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 69-
91.
Michael, P. J., C. H. Langmuir, H. J. B. Dick, J. E. Snow, S. L. Goldstein, D. W. Graham, K.
Lehnert, G. Kurras, W. Jokat, R. Mühe, H. N. Edmonds (2003) Magmatic and amagmatic
seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean Nature 423,
956
Asimow, P. and C. Langmuir (2003) The importance of water to oceanic melting regimes, Nature
421, 815
Baker, E.T., H.N. Edmonds, P.J. Michael, W. Bach, H.J.B. Dick, J.E. Snow, S.L. Walker, N.R.
Banerjee, and C.H. Langmuir (2004): Hydrothermal venting in magma deserts: The
ultraslow-spreading Gakkel and South West Indian Ridges. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystem., 5(8), Q08002,doi: 10.1029/2004GC000712.
Asimow P. D., J. E. Dixon, C. H. Langmuir (2004), A hydrous melting and fractionation model
for mid-ocean ridge basalts: Application to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Azores,
Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q01E16, doi:10.1029/2003GC000568.
Donnelly KE, Goldstein SL, Langmuir CH, et al. 2004. Origin of enriched ocean ridge basalts
and implications for mantle dynamics Earth and Planetary Science Letters 226: 347-366
Langmuir, C., Bezos, A., Escrig, S., Parman, S. (2006). Chemical systematics and hydrous
melting of the mantle in Back-Arc Basins. AGU Geophysical Monograph (Back Arc
Basin Volume 106pp. – in press)
SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES
1. Weaver and Langmuir (1991) presented a widely used program for modeling the
differentiation of basaltic magmas.
2. We have developed the ocean ridge petrology database (PetDB) served over the world
wide web, that both integrates and transfers knowledge to investigators and students.
This work is being expanded to become integrated with other database efforts.
3. I served as an editor of Earth and Planetary Science Letters for 10 years, and was one of
the founders of G-cubed, published by AGU and the Geochemical Society.
4. In 2004 I was a distinguished lecturer for the RIDGE 2000 program, and gave four talks
to small undergraduate colleges around the country.
5. During my sabbatical in 2003 I co-wrote a revised textbook that tried to convey the
excitement of modern planetary science for the non-scientist.
Advisor: Gilbert Hanson (Stony Brook)
GRADUATE STUDENTS ADVISED:
Emily Klein, Carl Agee, Youxue Zhang, Jeff Ryan, Dan Miller, Jennifer Reynolds, Terry Plank,
Miranda Fram, Niraj Kumar, Jennifer Monteith, Katherine Donnelly, Alexandra Lagatta,
Elizabeth Gier, Yong Jun Su, Kyla Simons, Dana Himmel, Gad Soffer, Gang Yu
POST-DOCTORAL FELLOWS: Terry Plank, Kathleen Donnelly, Elizabeth Gier, Dave
Christie, Yao Ling Niu, Dana Desonie, Paul Asimow, Antoine Bézos, Stéphane Escig , Steve
Parman, Jeff Standish
Collaborators and Co-Editors:
P. Asimow, Caltech, E. Baker, NOAA PMEL, J. Bender, UNCC, H. Bougault, Ifremer, B.
Bourdon, IPG Paris, P., Castillo, Scripps, C. Class, Lamont, H. Dick, J. Dixon, Miami, L. Dosso,
Ifremer, H. Edmonds, Texas, D. Fornari, WHOI , S. C.German, Southampton, Goldstein, Los
Alamos, E. Hauri, DTM, P. Kempton, UK, E. Klein, Duke, Al. Halliday, ETH Zurich, E. Humler,
IPG Paris, K. Lehnert, Lamont, P. Michael, U. Tulsa, M. Perfit, Florida, J. Reynolds, Alaska, Al.
Saal, Brown, J. Schilling, URI, T.Shank, WHOI, S. Shirey, DTM, J. Snow, MPI, Germany, M.
Spiegelmann, Lamont, S. Straub, Lamont , D.Yoerger, WHOI
F-2
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Jared Jeffrey Standish
Harvard University
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA. 02138
617-496-6924
standish@fas.harvard.edu
EDUCATION
Colgate University Geology B.A. - 1992
University of Idaho Geology M.S. - 1996
MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography Marine Geology Ph.D. – 2006
EMPLOYMENT
2006-today Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
2006 Boyce Postdoctoral Fellow, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY. (Spring Semester)
1996-1999 Environmental Risk Assessor, ICTM, Rockville, MD.
1992-1993 Asst. Men’s Soccer Coach, Colgate University, Hamilton, N.Y.
PUBLICATIONS
Standish, J.J. and K.W.W. Sims, Young, Diffuse MORB Volcanism Within An Ultraslow-Spreading Rift Valley, Geology,
submitted (8/12/06)
Standish, J.J., H.J.B. Dick, A. le Roex, W. Melson, and T. O’Hearn, The Role of Process Versus Source During MORB
Generation Along the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (9º-25ºE), in prep.
Standish, J.J., “The Influence of Ridge Geometry on Lithospheric Accretion at Ultraslow-Spreading Rates Between 9º-25ºE
on the Southwest Indian Ridge: Basalt Composition Sensitivity to Local Tectonomagmatic Processes”, Ph.D.
Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in
Oceanography,
Geist, D., T. Naumann, J.J. Standish, M. Kurz, K. Harpp, William M. White, and D. Fornari, Wolf Volcano, Galápagos
Archipelago: Melting and Magmatic Evolution at the Margins of a Mantle Plume, Journal of Petrology, Vol. 46, No.
11, pp. 2197-2224, 2005.
Standish, J.J., S.R. Hart, J. Blusztajn, H.J.B. Dick, and K.L. Lee, Abyssal Peridotite Osmium Isotopic Compositions from
Cr-spinel, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 24, 2002.
Standish, J., D. Geist, K. Harpp, and M.D. Kurz, The Emergence of a Galapagos shield volcano, Roca Redonda, Contrib.
Mineral. Petrol., Vol. 133, pp. 136-148, 1998.
Seaman, S.J., E.E. Scherer, and J.J. Standish, Multi-stage magma mixing and mingling and the origin of flow banding in the
Aliso Lava Dome, Tumacacori Mountains, Southern Arizona, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 100, pp. 8381-8398,
1995.
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
2006 Co-taught “Introduction to Oceanography”, Colgate University
2006 Co-developed “Volcanology” lab section, Colgate University
2004 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Science Made Public Series, “Fire and Ice: Volcanoes at the
North Pole.”
2003 Teaching Assistant (2 terms), Sea Education Association – Oceanography, lectures included; ‘Ocean
Chemistry” and “Ocean Sediment, Hydrothermal Vents, and Mid-Ocean Ridges”
2002 Invited Speaker, high school science students from Rhode Island participating in “National Ocean Science
Bowl”, talk entitled “Ocean Volcanoes”
2001 Science Mentor, volunteered with local K-8 school to help guide and develop 6 th grade science projects
1998 Lecturer, National Park Service – Geoscientists in the Parks, lectured on the local geology of Washington
D.C. during the George Washington Memorial Park grand opening
1994-1996 Graduate Teaching Assistant, University of Idaho, Courses: Introduction to Geology, Hydrogeology Field
Techniques, Advanced Hydrogeology, Structural Geology
1993 Teaching Assistant, Colgate University, Courses: Petrology
FIELD RESEARCH
2003 Petrologist, geochemical and geophysical exploration of SW Indian Ridge (9-25º E), PI’s – H.J.B. Dick, J.
Lin, H. Schouten, R/V Melville
2002 Field Assistant, GPS campaign and volcanic hazards assessment of Ta’u Island, American Samoa
Standish – CV
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2001 Petrologist, Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition (AMORE) to Arctic Ocean (Gakkel Ridge), PI’s – P.J.
Michael, C. Langmuir, and H.J.B. Dick, USCG Icebreaker Healy
2001 Petrologist/Rock Curator, geochemical and geophysical exploration of SW Indian Ridge (9-25º E), PI’s –
H.J.B. Dick, J. Lin, H. Schouten, R/V Knorr
1995 Watch Stander, exploration of the Australian Antarctic Discordance, SE Indian Ridge, PI – D. Christie,
R/V Melville
1994 Volcanologist/Field Assistant, volcanologic and petrologic field work on three separate shield volcanoes in
the Galapagos Islands, PI – D. Geist
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES & HONORS
2006 Invited Speaker, AGU Fall Meeting – Special Session honoring the achievements of Henry J.B. Dick
“Tectonics, Petrology, and Geochemistry of Ultraslow Spreading Ridges: Recent Advances”
2006 Session Co-Convener, Goldschmidt Conference - “Integrated Studies of MORB Petrogenesis: Sources,
Melting Processes, and Timescales”, Melbourne Australia
2004 Committee Member, Arnold Arons Award for excellence in teaching and mentoring, WHOI
2004 Invited Speaker, Goldschmidt Conference – Dynamics of slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges,
Copenhagen, Denmark
2004 Session Moderator, Goldschmidt Conference – Dynamics of slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges,
Copenhagen, Denmark
2003 Invited Speaker, WHOI Associates Meeting, “Fire Under Ice”
2003 Hosted Dr. Jim Head (Brown University), Geology & Geophysics Department H. Burr Steinbach Visiting
Scholar for 2003
2003 Invited Speaker, “G. Arthur Cooper Lecture Series” at Colgate University, “Ultra-slow spreading ridges:
Observations from the Southwest Indian Ridge & Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean)”
2003-2004 Student Member, Department of Marine Geology & Geophysics Safety Committee
2003-today Member, The Geological Society of America
2002 Geology Department Seminar, Oregon State University, “Abyssal peridotite osmium isotope compositions
from Cr-spinel”
2002 Invited Speaker with Rhea Workman, WHOI Trustees Meeting, “Volcanic Hazards on Ta'u, American
Samoa
2000 Participant, RIDGE/NORDVULK Iceland Summer School on Plume-Ridge Interactions
1998 Participant, GSA Penrose Conference – Evolution of Ocean Island Volcanoes, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
1994 Fitzgerald Scholarship, Department of Geology, Univ. of Idaho
1993-today Member, American Geophysical Union.
Standish – CV
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Kenneth W. W. Sims
Associate Scientist Telephone: (508) 289-2634
Department of Geology & Geophysics
Email: ksims@whoi.edu
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, MA 02543
EDUCATION
Ph.D. (Geology) Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley 1995.
M.Sc. (Geology), Institute of Meteoritics, Department of Geology, University of New Mexico, 1989.
B.A. Cum Laude (Honors Thesis in Geology), Colorado College, 1986.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Associate Scientist, Department of Geology and Geophysics (2002–present).
Assistant Research Scientist, Department of Geology and Geophysics (1997–2002).
Post–doctoral Scholar Fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1995–1997.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Visiting Scientist, Chemical Science and Technology Group, (1996–present).
AWARDS and FELLOWSHIPS
Post–doctoral Scholar Fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1995–1997.
IGPP Graduate Study Grant, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California,
1991–1995.
Outstanding Graduate Student Instructor, University of California, Berkeley, 1992.
Estwing Outstanding Senior, Colorado College, 1986.
Getty Oil Fellowship, Colorado College, 1984–85.
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
American Geophysical Union, Member.
Opticad Corporation, Member of the Board of Directors.
Rocky Mountain Field Insitute, Member of the Board of Directors.
Big Brothers and Big Sisters of Cape Cod and the Islands: Member of the Board of Directors.
Ritt Kellog Fund, Colorado College. President and Member of the Board of Directors.
EXAMPLES OF SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES
Education: advised and co-advised undergraduate and graduate students and post-docs from WHOI,
Colorado College, University of Urbana, IL, Ecole Narmale Superiour (Lyon, France) and NM
Technical Institute; organize the WHOI geochemistry seminar; taught graduate level marine
chem.istry and geochemistry courses at WHOI. Community: lectured at Sea Education Association,
local Elementary and secondary schools, Youth Core (for adjudicated youth) and for College and
University department seminars; assisted high school students with Science Fair projects. Technique
development: developed technique for measuring Th isotopes by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
using the Cameca IMS 1270; developed techniques for measuring U-Th-Ra and U-Pa disequilibria by
ICPMS using the Finnigan MAT ELEMENT; developed techniques for measuring U and Th isotopic
compositions by ICPMS using the Finnigan MAT NEPTUNE; developed epithermal neutron activation
technique for measuring sub microgram/gram levels of As, Sb, W and Mo in silicate matrices.
COLLABORATORS OUTSIDE WHOI
Donald J. DePaolo, W. Scott Baldridge, Steve J. Goldstein (LANL), Michael R. Perfit, Michael T.
Murrell, Philip Kyle, Janne Blichert-Toft, Christophe Hemmond, Mark Reagan, Peter Michael, Tim
Elliott, Marc Spiegelman, Dieter Mertz, Kari Cooper, Peter Kelemen, Vincent Salters, Craig
Lundstrom. Pierre Gauthier, Tamsin Mather, Dave Pyle.
Sims - CV
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STUDENTS AND POSTDOCS SUPERVISED
Students:
Alberto Saal; Sylvain Pichat, Jeff Standish, Lynne Elkins, Chris Waters, Janelle Homburg
Post Docs:
Mathew Jull; Sylvain Pichat, Frank Tepley, Jennifer Garrison, Jeff Standish, Lynne Elkins, Chris Waters
RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS (5)
Sohn, R. and K. W. W. Sims (2005), “Bending as a mechanism for triggering off-axis volcanism on
the East Pacific Rise”. Geology 33, 93-96.
Sims, K.W. W., J. Blichert-Toft, D. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, S. Goldstein, P. Johnson, D.J. DePaolo, S.
R. Hart, M.T. Murrell, P Michaels, G. Layne, L. Ball, (2003) “Aberrant Youth: Chemical and
isotopic constraints on the young off-axis lavas of the East Pacific Rise”. Geochemistry, Geophysics,
Geosystems, vol 4, number 10.
Sims, K.W.W., S.J. Goldstein, J. Blichert-Toft, M.R. Perfit , P. Kelemen D.J. Fornari, P. Michael,
M.T. Murrell, S.R. Hart, D.J. DePaolo, G. Layne, and M. Jull (2002) Chemical and isotopic
constraints on the generation and transport of melt beneath the East Pacific Rise Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, vol 66., No 19, pp 3481-3504.
Cooper, K. M., S.J. Goldstein, K.W. W. Sims, M.T. Murrell, (2003) “Uranium-Series Chronology of
Gorda Ridge Volcanism: New evidence from the 1996 Eruption” Earth and Planet Sci. Lett. 206,
459-475.
M.Jull, P. Kelemen, and K. W.W. Sims (2002) "Melt migration and uranium series disequilibria: the
combined effect of porous and conduit flow." Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., vol 66, No 23, 4133-4148.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS (5)
Bourdon, B. and K. W. W. Sims, (2003) “U-series constraints on intraplate magmatism” in Uranium
Series Geochemistry, editors B Bourdon, G.M. Henderson, C.C. Lundstrom and S.P. Turner; Reviews
in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol 52, pp 215-253.
Sims, K.W.W., M.T. Murrrell, D.J. DePaolo, W.S. Baldridge, S.J. Goldstein,, D. Clague and M. Jull
(1999) “Porosity of the melting zone and variations in the solid mantle upwelling rate beneath
Hawaii: Inferences from 238 U– 230 Th– 226 Ra and 235 U- 231 Pa disequilibria.” (invited paper for a Special
volume in honor of Claude Allegre GCA vol. 63, Number 23/24, pages 4119–4138).
Sims, K.W.W. and D.J. DePaolo (1997). “Inferences about mantle magma sources from incompatible
element concentration ratios in oceanic basalts.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 61, No. 4,
pages 765-784.
Sims, K.W.W., D.J. DePaolo, M.T. Murrrell, W.S. Baldridge, S.J. Goldstein, and D. Clague (1995).
“Mechanisms of magma generation beneath Hawaii and Mid–Ocean ridges: U–Th and Sm–Nd
isotopic evidence.” Science, Vol. 267, pages 508–512.
Sims, K. W. W. and S. R. Hart (2006) “Comparison of Th, Sr, Nd and Pb Isotopes in Oceanic
Basalts: Implications for Mantle Heterogeneity and Magma Genesis” Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 245,
743-761..
Advisors: Ph.D. – Donald J. DePaolo
M.Sc. – Klus Keil, Horton Newson
Sims - CV
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