Recognizing the Good Bugs in Cotton - Texas Is Cotton Country ...

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Looper Parasite Encyrtidae: Copidosoma species Characteristics: This tiny (1/16 inch) shiny black wasp resembles a small fly. Loopers parasitized by Copidosoma are most easily recognized after they spin their pupation cell on the underside of leaves. Unparasitized loopers form a green pupa that later darkens to brown. Parasitized loopers, in contrast, fail to pupate, but instead elongate, causing the head to fold into a hook shape under the body. The larva takes on a cream or light tan color, and appears to be made of styrofoam. Each of the “foam” cells in the caterpillar’s body is actually a developing wasp. These parasites are found throughout the Cotton Belt. Hosts: These wasps attack loopers, especially soybean loopers. General Biology: Adult wasps sting looper eggs, laying a single egg in the host egg. After the looper hatches, the nucleus in the wasp egg divides repeatedly and each nuclei becomes a wasp larva. Up to 2,000 wasps can develop in a single host looper. The parasitized looper requires a bit longer to develop than an unparasitized looper and eats up to 50 percent more foliage than an unparasitized looper. Development from egg to adult requires about 17-27 days and there are 2 or 3 generations per year. A single female is capable of parasitizing 10-30 loopers. Late in the season, these parasites can practically eliminate a soybean looper population in a single generation. 108
A looper filled with hundreds of Copidosoma pupae. The silk cocoon spun by the dying looper has been removed W. Sterling 109
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E-357 7-05 Field Guide to Predators
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CONTENTS Introduction 3 Acknowledgm
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Introduction The role of natural en
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mologists identify and appreciate t
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ed in this book. We have only focus
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a messy task, caterpillars can be p
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thrips. It is a serious pest of see
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cloth, spread the cloth between two
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FURTHER READING The following publi
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ugs (E,L), Leafhopper assassin bug
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European Corn Macrocentrus grandii
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ecolonization by natural enemies on
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important. Chemical Class Cotton In
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erations per year. The green lynx p
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Celer crab spider W. Sterling 27
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Black and white jumping spider W. S
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Green lacewing egg W. Sterling J.K.
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Pupa of the green lacewing Adult gr
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Photo: A93. Brown lacewing adult Un
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W. Sterling Adult ground beetle Adu
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Larva of a ground beetle W. Sterlin
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year. Small groups of adult beetles
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Adult harmonia or Asian lady beetle
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Adult convergent lady beetle Conver
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Lady beetle eggs Pink spotted lady
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Collops balteatus W. Sterling 49
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Adult hooded beetle D. Waters, Univ
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M. Badgley Adult earwig tending egg
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Adult rove beetle (note short wing
Page 59 and 60: Damsel bug adult and nymph J.K. Cla
Page 61 and 62: Eggs of the spined soldier bug W. S
Page 63 and 64: Nymph of the spined soldier bug Adu
Page 65 and 66: predators typically sit and wait to
Page 67 and 68: Egg mass of Zelus renardii Leafhopp
Page 69 and 70: Adult bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctip
Page 71 and 72: ground debris. The winter is spent
Page 73 and 74: Long-legged fly J. Ruberson 71
Page 75 and 76: days. Nymphs become adults in 12-20
Page 77 and 78: Eggs of Scymnus on leaf Larva of a
Page 79 and 80: Adult Stethorus lady beetle J.K. Cl
Page 81 and 82: General Biology: Imported fire ants
Page 83 and 84: Adult sixspotted thrips M. Badgley
Page 85 and 86: Predatory mite feeding on two-spott
Page 87 and 88: Adult Archytas marmoratus H. Gross
Page 89 and 90: 10 days later and live for several
Page 91 and 92: Adult Macrocentrus grandii M. Scott
Page 93 and 94: and the wasps overwinter in the soi
Page 95 and 96: worm larva and spins a cocoon in th
Page 97 and 98: Adult Chelonus stinging (parasitizi
Page 99 and 100: about 3 weeks and produce about 160
Page 101 and 102: Hyposoter cocoon near remains of pa
Page 103 and 104: Adult Cotesia marginiventris parasi
Page 105 and 106: studies have shown releasing labora
Page 107 and 108: Adult Meteorus parasite J. Ruberson
Page 109: L. testaceipes adult J.K. Clark, Un
Page 113 and 114: Adult Trissolcus basalis parasitizi
Page 115 and 116: shaped slit in the pupal skin. Nymp
Page 117 and 118: Anaphes iole, a parasite of lygus b
Page 119 and 120: Trichogramma wasp mounted on micros
Page 121 and 122: Bollworm egg parasitized by Trichog
Page 123 and 124: in cotton fields during epizootics.
Page 125 and 126: Bollworm killed by NPV W. Sterling
Page 127 and 128: Caterpillar killed by Beauveria fun
Page 129 and 130: NOTES 127
Page 136: Sources of entomological supplies A
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