Recognizing the Good Bugs in Cotton - Texas Is Cotton Country ...

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Cardiochiles nigriceps Family: Braconidae Characteristics: The adult wasps are about 1/4 inch long with long antennae and very dark wings. The head and thorax are black while the abdomen and middle and hind legs are red. C. nigriceps is sometimes called the “red-tailed” wasp because of the red abdomen. The ovipositor (stinger) is short and black and often not visible. This parasite is widely distributed across the southeastern Cotton Belt west to Oklahoma and Texas. These brightly colored wasps may be seen hovering about cotton plants in search of caterpillars to parasitize. They can be very common in some fields, averaging 1-2 wasps per meter (yard) of row. Hosts: C. nigriceps is one of the most important parasitoids of the budworm. It can only successfully parasitize budworm larvae and a related species, H. subflexa, which is not a cotton pest. Wasps will sting bollworm larvae but the parasite eggs do not develop and the bollworm survives. Also, beet armyworm larvae are occasionally parasitized by this wasp. All sizes of budworm larvae are attacked but late second and third instars are preferred. General Biology: Adult female wasps sting budworm larvae and deposit eggs internally. Eggs hatch into grubs which feed internally for about 2 weeks. Small budworm larvae continue to grow once parasitized while those in the 4-5 instar do not. Once full grown, the parasitoid grub emerges from the dead bud- 92
worm larva and spins a cocoon in the soil. The adult wasp emerges in about 2 weeks and lives for about 2 weeks. There are about 3 or 4 generations per year and wasps overwinter as pupae in the soil. Adult Cardiochiles nigriceps W. Sterling 93
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E-357 7-05 Field Guide to Predators
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CONTENTS Introduction 3 Acknowledgm
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Introduction The role of natural en
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mologists identify and appreciate t
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ed in this book. We have only focus
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a messy task, caterpillars can be p
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thrips. It is a serious pest of see
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cloth, spread the cloth between two
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FURTHER READING The following publi
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ugs (E,L), Leafhopper assassin bug
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European Corn Macrocentrus grandii
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ecolonization by natural enemies on
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important. Chemical Class Cotton In
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erations per year. The green lynx p
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Celer crab spider W. Sterling 27
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Black and white jumping spider W. S
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Green lacewing egg W. Sterling J.K.
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Pupa of the green lacewing Adult gr
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Photo: A93. Brown lacewing adult Un
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W. Sterling Adult ground beetle Adu
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Larva of a ground beetle W. Sterlin
Page 43 and 44: year. Small groups of adult beetles
Page 45 and 46: Adult harmonia or Asian lady beetle
Page 47 and 48: Adult convergent lady beetle Conver
Page 49 and 50: Lady beetle eggs Pink spotted lady
Page 51 and 52: Collops balteatus W. Sterling 49
Page 53 and 54: Adult hooded beetle D. Waters, Univ
Page 55 and 56: M. Badgley Adult earwig tending egg
Page 57 and 58: Adult rove beetle (note short wing
Page 59 and 60: Damsel bug adult and nymph J.K. Cla
Page 61 and 62: Eggs of the spined soldier bug W. S
Page 63 and 64: Nymph of the spined soldier bug Adu
Page 65 and 66: predators typically sit and wait to
Page 67 and 68: Egg mass of Zelus renardii Leafhopp
Page 69 and 70: Adult bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctip
Page 71 and 72: ground debris. The winter is spent
Page 73 and 74: Long-legged fly J. Ruberson 71
Page 75 and 76: days. Nymphs become adults in 12-20
Page 77 and 78: Eggs of Scymnus on leaf Larva of a
Page 79 and 80: Adult Stethorus lady beetle J.K. Cl
Page 81 and 82: General Biology: Imported fire ants
Page 83 and 84: Adult sixspotted thrips M. Badgley
Page 85 and 86: Predatory mite feeding on two-spott
Page 87 and 88: Adult Archytas marmoratus H. Gross
Page 89 and 90: 10 days later and live for several
Page 91 and 92: Adult Macrocentrus grandii M. Scott
Page 93: and the wasps overwinter in the soi
Page 97 and 98: Adult Chelonus stinging (parasitizi
Page 99 and 100: about 3 weeks and produce about 160
Page 101 and 102: Hyposoter cocoon near remains of pa
Page 103 and 104: Adult Cotesia marginiventris parasi
Page 105 and 106: studies have shown releasing labora
Page 107 and 108: Adult Meteorus parasite J. Ruberson
Page 109 and 110: L. testaceipes adult J.K. Clark, Un
Page 111 and 112: A looper filled with hundreds of Co
Page 113 and 114: Adult Trissolcus basalis parasitizi
Page 115 and 116: shaped slit in the pupal skin. Nymp
Page 117 and 118: Anaphes iole, a parasite of lygus b
Page 119 and 120: Trichogramma wasp mounted on micros
Page 121 and 122: Bollworm egg parasitized by Trichog
Page 123 and 124: in cotton fields during epizootics.
Page 125 and 126: Bollworm killed by NPV W. Sterling
Page 127 and 128: Caterpillar killed by Beauveria fun
Page 129 and 130: NOTES 127
Page 136: Sources of entomological supplies A
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