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Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2013; Vol. 3: Issue 1, Pg 42-44<br />
[AJPSci.]<br />
ISSN- 2231–5640 (Print)<br />
ISSN- 2231–5659 (Online)<br />
www.<strong>asian</strong><strong>pharma</strong>online.org<br />
REVIEW ARTICLE<br />
A Marvel Plant: Coccinia indica<br />
Yogesh Shivhare*<br />
Department of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), India<br />
*Corresponding Author E-mail: yogesh_aot@rediffmail.com<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
In traditional medicine, there are numerous medicinal plants that have the potential to treat many diseases and<br />
disorders, one of them is Coccinia indica (family: Cucurbitaceae) popularly known as Kanduri in Hindi. This plant is<br />
traditionally used in blood diseases, aphrodisiac and cooling agents. The present review attempts to encompass the<br />
available literature on Coccinia indica with respect to its morphological characters, phytochemistry, summary of its<br />
various <strong>pharma</strong>cological activities and traditional uses.<br />
KEYWORDS: Morphology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology.<br />
INTRODUCTION:<br />
In traditional medicine, there are numerous medicinal plants<br />
that have the potential to treat many diseases and disorders,<br />
one of them is Coccinia indica (family: Cucurbitaceae)<br />
popularly known as Kanduri in Hindi. The plant is very<br />
useful in traditional medicine. The plant has the reputation<br />
in Bengal of having a remarkable effect in reducing the<br />
amount of sugar in the urine of patients suffering from<br />
diabetes mellitus. Fruits and leaves of Coccinia indica are<br />
also prescribed in the treatment of snake-bite. The present<br />
work attempts to cover the existing literature on Coccinia<br />
indica with respect to its morphological characters,<br />
phytochemistry, summary of its various <strong>pharma</strong>cological<br />
activities and traditional uses.<br />
HABITAT:<br />
Coccinia indica is found in climate that is warm and humid.<br />
It is found in whole India in wild. It is more commonly seen<br />
in area like Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. 1<br />
MORPHOLOGICAL PROFILE: 2<br />
Leaves: Leaves are 5-10 cm, long and broad, bright green<br />
above, paler beneath, studded and sometimes rough with<br />
papillae, palmately 5-nerved from a cordate base, often with<br />
circular glands between the nerves, obtusely 5-angled or<br />
sometimes deeply 5-lobed, the lobes broad, obtuse or acute,<br />
apiculate, more or less sinuate toothed, petioles 2-3.2 cm.<br />
long.<br />
Flowers: Male flowers: Peduncles are 2-3.8cm.long and<br />
subfiliform. Calyx-tube is glabrous, broadly campanulate<br />
and 4-5 mm. long. Corolla is 2.5 cm. long, veined,<br />
pubescent inside and glabrous outside. Female flowers:<br />
Peduncles are 1.3-2.5cm. long. Ovary is fusiform, glabrous<br />
and slightly ribbed.<br />
Fruits: Fruits are fusiform-ellipsoid, slightly beaked, 2.5-5<br />
by 1.3-2.5 cm. sized, marked when immature with white<br />
streaks, bright scarlet when fully ripe.<br />
Seeds: Seeds are obovoid and rounded at the apex, slightly<br />
papillose, much com<strong>press</strong>ed and yellowish grey.<br />
Roots: The fresh root is thick, tuberous, long tapering,<br />
more or less tortuous with a few fibrous rootlets attached to<br />
it. Roots are flexible, soft and break with a fibrous fracture.<br />
A transaction of root shows circular outline and is<br />
characteristic of storage type. Parenchyma is full of starch<br />
grains and thorough permeation of parenchyma with<br />
vascular elements is observed. The cork is composed of<br />
rows of cells.<br />
PHYTOCHEMISTRY:<br />
Plant contains resins, alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids and<br />
proteins as chief chemical constituents.<br />
Received on 13.10.2012 Accepted on 26.12.2012<br />
© Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved<br />
Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): Jan.-Mar. 2013; Page 42-44<br />
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Lupeol
Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2013; Vol. 3: Issue 1, Pg 42-44<br />
Palmitic acid<br />
[AJPSci.]<br />
Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic activity<br />
Aqueous extract of Coccinia indica (leaves) produced<br />
marked analgesic and antipyretic activity at 300mg/kg dose<br />
when compared with standard drugs (Morphine and<br />
Paracetamol). The extract also showed significant antiinflammatory<br />
activity. 5 (Junaid Niazi et al )<br />
Antimicrobial activity<br />
Petroleum ether and methanolic extract of Coccinia indica<br />
showed the highest antimicrobial activity against grampositive<br />
organisms. 6<br />
Oleic Acid<br />
Antibacterial Activity<br />
Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Coccinia indica showed<br />
promising antibacterial activity against the Enterobacter<br />
aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus<br />
epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium<br />
by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method. 7<br />
Linoleic Acid<br />
Antihyperglycemic activity<br />
Chronic administration of Coccinia Indica (fruits) extract at<br />
dose of 200mg/kg for 14 days reduces the blood glucose<br />
level of the diabetes induced animals as compared to<br />
diabetic control group. 8<br />
Hepatoproetcective activity<br />
Coccinia indica leave extract at dose 400 mg/kg body<br />
weight showed potent hepatoproetcective activity in albino<br />
rats. 9<br />
Riboflavin<br />
TRADITIONAL USES:<br />
The fruit of Coccinia indica is useful in biliousness and<br />
diseases of blood. The green fruit is chewed to cure sores<br />
on the tongue. The bark of root is used as cathartic. The<br />
leaves are applied externally in eruptions of the skin. The<br />
leaves of this plant are boiled in gingelly oil and applied<br />
externally in ringworm, psoriasis and itch. The leaves are<br />
also used as expectorant and antispasmodic. The oil is used<br />
in application to ulcers and as an injection into chronic<br />
sinuses. The plant is also used in the treatment of<br />
gonorrhea.<br />
Taraxerol<br />
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE:<br />
Anthelmintic Activity<br />
Methanol extract of Coccinia indica fruits in the<br />
concentration of 50 mg/ml showed potent anthelmintic<br />
activity against Pheretima posthuma. 3<br />
Antioxidant activity<br />
Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica<br />
(leaf) extract (CLEt) (200 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days<br />
resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid<br />
reactive substances and hydroperoxides in rats. 4<br />
Table 1 Vernacular names of Coccinia indica<br />
S.N. Names Language<br />
1 Kanduri Hindi<br />
2 Bimbu Bengal<br />
3 Galedu Gujerati<br />
4 Bimbi Marathi<br />
5 Kundru Punjab<br />
6 Bimbaka Sanskrit<br />
7 Kovai Tamil<br />
8 Kundaru Urdu<br />
Table 2 Scientific Classification<br />
Kingdom Plantae<br />
Division Magnoliophyta<br />
Class<br />
Magnoliophyta<br />
Order Cucurbitales<br />
Family Cucurbitaceae<br />
Genus Coccinia<br />
Species Indica<br />
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Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2013; Vol. 3: Issue 1, Pg 42-44<br />
[AJPSci.]<br />
CONCLUSION:<br />
Now a day’s major concern of researchers is focused on the<br />
development of new novel herbal drugs that could be useful<br />
in the treatment of various disease problems. This versatile<br />
medicinal plant is the distinctive source of various types of<br />
chemical compounds, which are accountable of the various<br />
activities of the plant. Hence, extensive exploration is<br />
required to utilize their therapeutic efficacy to combat<br />
diseases.<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:<br />
Yogesh Shivhare, the author, thankfully acknowledges to<br />
Mr. Rakesh Punekar, Head and Vice-Principal, RKDF<br />
College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), in preparation of this<br />
manuscript.<br />
REFERENCE:<br />
1. www.ayushveda.com<br />
2. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plant. 1976: Vol. II, M/s<br />
Bishwas Singh, Nirali prakasan, Dehradun, 1151-1154.<br />
3. Shivhare Yogesh, Soni Prashant, Singh Priya, Dangi Sonal and<br />
Baghel S Sourabh. Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of<br />
Coccinia indica (fruits). J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011: 3(1); 488-<br />
491<br />
4. Venkateswaran S and Pari L.. Effect of Coccinia indica leaves on<br />
antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal<br />
of ethano<strong>pharma</strong>cology. 2003: vol 84, issue 2, 163-168.<br />
5. Niazi Junaid, Singh Parabhdeep and Bansal Yogita. Antiinflammatory,<br />
Analgesic and Antipyretic activity of aqueous<br />
extract of fresh leaves of Coccinia indica.<br />
Inflammo<strong>pharma</strong>cology. 2009: 17: 239-244.<br />
6. Syed Zeenat Shaheen, Bolla Krishna, Kandukuri vasu and<br />
Singara Charya MA. Antimicrobial activity of the fruit extracts of<br />
Coccinia indica. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009: Vol. 8<br />
(24); 7073-7076.<br />
7. Hussain Arshad, Wahab Shadma, Zarin Iffat and Sarfaraj Hussain<br />
MD. Antibacterial Activity of the Leaves of Coccinia indica (W.<br />
and A) Wof India. Advances in Biological Research. 2010: 4 (5):<br />
241-248.<br />
8. Gunjan Manish, Jana K Goutam, Jha AK and Mishra<br />
Umashanker. Pharmacognsotic and Antihyperglycemic study of<br />
Coccinia indica. International Journal of Phytomedicine. 2010: 2;<br />
36-40.<br />
9. Kumar B. Shyam, D. Gnanasekaran V, Jaishree KP and<br />
Channabasavaraj. Hepatoprotective activity of Coccinia indica<br />
leaves extract. Int J Pharm Biomed Res 2010, 1(4), 154-156.<br />
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