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Conservation Planner 20 - RSPB

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MARCH <strong>20</strong>04 EDITION <strong>20</strong><br />

The Beddington Zero Energy Development in London is a good example of sustainable living<br />

Raf Makda<br />

Welcome to the<br />

March <strong>20</strong>04 issue of<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Planner</strong>.<br />

This special issue<br />

focuses on how we<br />

can build sustainable<br />

communities across<br />

the UK. This is an<br />

important goal for<br />

planners and one that<br />

we hope will be<br />

assisted by changes<br />

to the planning<br />

system. As we create<br />

these developments,<br />

important wildlife and<br />

habitats should not<br />

be put at risk. Natural<br />

resources such as<br />

water and minerals<br />

should be used<br />

wisely.<br />

Let us show how we<br />

can produce<br />

communities that<br />

incorporate cuttingedge<br />

construction<br />

techniques and bring<br />

other new benefits<br />

such as well-designed<br />

green spaces.<br />

In this issue, we<br />

highlight some of the<br />

current good planning<br />

practices and sources<br />

of advice. But, we<br />

would also like to<br />

hear about examples<br />

from your work.<br />

Please e-mail Heather<br />

Mitchell (address on<br />

page 3).<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Planner</strong><br />

is a free, twice-yearly<br />

newsletter. If you<br />

would like to register<br />

to receive future<br />

issues, please contact<br />

Tamar Allan on<br />

01767 680551 or fill in<br />

the enclosed form.<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong><br />

Sustainable<br />

communities<br />

Sustainable communities may be our goal but, as<br />

planners, are we confident that our approach will deliver<br />

‘exactly what it says on the cover’?<br />

In England, the Government launched The Communities<br />

Plan (Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future)<br />

last year. It aims to create sustainable communities in the<br />

south-east in four growth areas – the Thames Gateway,<br />

the London-Stansted-Cambridge corridor, Ashford and<br />

Milton Keynes/South Midlands. It will also establish nine<br />

‘Pathfinder’ schemes in parts of the north and midlands<br />

to tackle low demand for housing. The Government says<br />

that it is ‘not just about housing’ but ‘a new approach<br />

to how we build and what we build’. Certainly, the<br />

promise of much-needed homes, especially for key<br />

workers, is to be welcomed.<br />

How will the environment fair? The Plan acknowledges<br />

the consequences of development on scarce water<br />

resources, but it does not include strong policies to reduce<br />

demand during or after construction. In the Thames<br />

Gateway and Northamptonshire, valuable wildlife sites<br />

could be directly threatened, and the Plan gives little<br />

reassurance that they will be protected. Particularly<br />

disappointing is the scant reference to the importance of<br />

environmental enhancements for wildlife and landscapes<br />

to support economic and social renewal.<br />

<strong>Planner</strong><br />

The Milton Keynes and South Midlands (MKSM) Growth<br />

Area identifies a potential for growth of up to 300,000<br />

jobs and 370,000 houses by <strong>20</strong>31. We hope that the<br />

MKSM Sub-regional Strategy Public Examination, being<br />

held in March <strong>20</strong>04, allows sufficient time for<br />

environmental concerns to be discussed. Such is the<br />

concern about proposed growth levels that the statutory<br />

agencies, many local authorities and environmental<br />

groups have produced a joint response to the consultation.<br />

They recommend:<br />

●<br />

●<br />

●<br />

Strategic Environmental Assessment of the impacts<br />

of growth on the sub-region’s natural environment,<br />

including its landscape and wildlife, and on demand<br />

for water, minerals and other resources<br />

proposals for ‘green infrastructure’ – from local urban<br />

green spaces to strategic countryside initiatives such<br />

as Regional Parks, to be delivered alongside built<br />

development<br />

a clear direction for built development on this scale<br />

to make a significant contribution to deliver<br />

Biodiversity Action Plan targets for habitat creation.<br />

The <strong>RSPB</strong> believes that these recommendations should<br />

be essential ingredients for all sustainable communities.<br />

You can request a free, e-mailed copy of the joint<br />

statement ‘Delivering Sustainable Communities’<br />

by contacting:<br />

Colin Wilkinson<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> Officer, Central England Regional Office<br />

e-mail: colin.wilkinson@rspb.org.uk


<strong>Planner</strong>s helping<br />

species protection<br />

Delivering biodiversity action<br />

through local government<br />

<strong>Planner</strong>s in Teignbridge, Devon, are helping a threatened<br />

bird species in their area. Cirl buntings were once<br />

widespread across south-west and southern England.<br />

They rely heavily on weedy cereal stubble in winter,<br />

and on invertebrate-rich pasture in summer. Changes<br />

in farming practices in the 1960s and ‘70s caused their<br />

population to decline dramatically. Today, just under 700<br />

breeding pairs survive, confined largely to south Devon.<br />

The species is also threatened by the demand for new<br />

housing, industry and roads. The <strong>RSPB</strong> is concerned that<br />

extensions to urban settlements, particularly in and<br />

around Teignbridge, could wipe out many breeding pairs<br />

and their habitat. The Teignbridge district supports the<br />

species at the most northerly point of its range and is,<br />

therefore, of vital strategic importance in any recovery<br />

project.<br />

At the recent Devon Structure Plan Examination In<br />

Public, the <strong>RSPB</strong> and Teignbridge District Council<br />

planners contested a proposal to expand Exeter city<br />

limits to include Exminster village – a well-known<br />

hotspot for cirl buntings. The Inspector supported our<br />

views and recommended no new housing at Exminster.<br />

The district council is now reviewing its Local Plan<br />

and considering how to minimise the impact of any<br />

development on cirl buntings.<br />

In the meantime, the <strong>RSPB</strong> has been working with<br />

Teignbridge District Council to produce supplementary<br />

planning guidance. This will help developers and<br />

planners when they are considering development in cirl<br />

bunting areas. It will suggest ways of avoiding adverse<br />

effects and providing benefits for the species instead.<br />

It will also explain how to minimise any unwanted<br />

effects through mitigation and offer advice on using<br />

compensation measures if planning permission that<br />

will adversely affect cirl buntings is granted in<br />

exceptional circumstances.<br />

We hope that this approach will help to ensure a safe<br />

future for one of Devon’s special birds.<br />

Cath Jeffs<br />

Cirl Bunting Project Officer, South West Regional Office<br />

e-mail: cath.jeffs@rspb.org.uk<br />

Integrated action by planners<br />

is helping this rare bird<br />

Chris Gomersall (rspb-images.com)<br />

David Kinney<br />

Biodiversity-inspired public art – a mosaic made from recycled tiles,<br />

plates and cutlery, created by local people in association with the<br />

Broughty Ferry Environmental Project.<br />

The Scottish Biodiversity Forum (SBF) is producing useful guidance to help<br />

local authorities take on their growing responsibility for biodiversity.<br />

The increasing involvement of local authorities in biodiversity enhancement<br />

has several drivers. Each one recognises the importance of biodiversity as a<br />

key element of sustainable development. The Local Government in Scotland<br />

Act <strong>20</strong>03 requires the best value process to be delivered in a way that helps<br />

to achieve sustainable development. The Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> (Scotland) Bill<br />

(draft) introduces a general biodiversity duty that will apply to every public<br />

body and office-holder in Scotland. This duty will oblige them ‘to further the<br />

conservation of biodiversity’ in carrying out their work. The draft Scottish<br />

Biodiversity Strategy’s 25-year vision states that the conservation and<br />

enhancement of biodiversity underpins all decision-making and practice.<br />

The SBF publication investigates these legislative and policy drivers and<br />

explores opportunities to enhance biodiversity through the community<br />

planning process. It makes the link to Local Biodiversity Action Plans<br />

(LBAPs), which help local authorities to deliver sustainable development<br />

targets. LBAPs identify environmental objectives and targets for priority<br />

species and habitats, so that development can incorporate them.<br />

Unfortunately, there has not been enough work done to ensure that local<br />

authorities are integrating biodiversity into all their areas of service delivery.<br />

This publication addresses this gap by showing where local authorities have<br />

already been successful, and where they can do more to benefit biodiversity<br />

in most, if not all, of their service delivery areas.<br />

The publication includes:<br />

● case studies on biodiversity conservation action taken by local authorities<br />

across Scotland<br />

● information on what is meant by, and the importance of, biodiversity and<br />

sustainable development in relation to best value and community planning<br />

● a summary of existing publications that offer advice and guidance on<br />

delivering biodiversity<br />

● a range of performance indicators that can be used to measure progress.<br />

The publication will be promoted to all Scottish local authorities, the<br />

Convention of Scottish Local Authorities, Scottish Executive, Royal Town<br />

Planning Institute and other relevant bodies, through meetings, conferences<br />

and seminars.<br />

For more information on ‘Best Value, Community Planning and Biodiversity in<br />

Scotland’, please contact:<br />

Jo Lenthall<br />

Scotland LBAP Project Officer,<br />

Scottish Biodiversity Forum, c/o Scotland Headquarters<br />

e-mail: joanna.lenthall@rspb.org.uk<br />

2


Lakenheath Fen in Suffolk – putting reedbeds back into the fen landscape<br />

Mike Page (rspb-images.com)<br />

It’s all mapped out<br />

<strong>Planner</strong>s everywhere are embracing the work of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). For<br />

example, in Wales, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council adopted its Local Biodiversity<br />

Action Plan (LBAP) as supplementary planning guidance. In Cambridgeshire, the Cambourne<br />

development had its own LBAP – as a result, bird numbers have increased since development<br />

and different habitats have been created. Some planners are taking other leaps forward by<br />

mapping ‘enhancement areas’ in their plans.<br />

The Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Biodiversity Partnership has produced a unique new<br />

map, revealing a vision of how the county’s wildlife habitats could look in 50 years. It shows a<br />

dramatic change in the landscape, with new fens and large areas of woodland and grassland.<br />

This map is the first of its kind in Britain and may even be the first produced for any region<br />

in Europe.<br />

Crucially, the map has engaged the public. Included in the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough<br />

Structure Plan, it will influence future planning decisions in the county and is already making<br />

planners and councillors aware of the need for habitat creation projects.<br />

In Dorset, Purbeck District Council planners have identified and mapped a ‘Heathland Zone’<br />

in their Local Plan. This zone has been defined in consultation with English Nature, based<br />

on the distribution of underlying sands and gravels that may have supported heathland in<br />

the past. The zone includes existing developed areas and areas that are proposed for<br />

development. This is because heathland re-creation may combine well with development<br />

in these areas. The Local Plan states that heathland re-creation that is agreed in conjunction<br />

with planning applications will be secured using planning obligations. A ‘heathland<br />

re-creation’ policy states that:<br />

‘development proposals that are in accordance with other policies in this Local Plan<br />

and that include provision for heathland re-creation within the heathland zone (as defined<br />

on the Proposals Map), particularly by extending existing heathlands or linking existing<br />

heathland fragments, will be permitted’.<br />

In the ‘Proposed Changes’ of the Draft Regional Planning Guidance for the West Midlands,<br />

there is an ‘Areas of Enhancement’ map that shows where concentrated biodiversity<br />

enhancement could take place. A related policy states that:<br />

‘all the plans and programmes of local authorities<br />

and other relevant agencies in the West Midlands<br />

should encourage the maintenance and enhancement<br />

of the Region’s wider biodiversity resources, giving<br />

priority to […] the biodiversity enhancement areas<br />

shown on the Quality of Environment Areas of<br />

Enhancement diagram’.<br />

At the East Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy Public<br />

Examination last year, the East Midlands Biodiversity<br />

Forum presented a map that they had produced of<br />

‘Biodiversity Enhancement Areas’. These are areas<br />

of the region where biodiversity is exceptionally poor or<br />

where there are opportunities to reverse biodiversity<br />

losses by implementing habitat creation projects on a<br />

large scale. We hope that this map will be included in<br />

the final Regional Spatial Strategy.<br />

The planning system, with its strong spatial element,<br />

is ideally placed to translate BAP targets into specific<br />

or broad locations where action might take place.<br />

As a result, we hope to see more work like this soon.<br />

Heather Mitchell<br />

Editor, UK Headquarters<br />

e-mail: heather.mitchell@rspb.org.uk<br />

To view the 50-year wildlife vision map, visit:<br />

www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/sub/cntryside/biodiv<br />

and search under ‘Council services’, ‘Environment<br />

and countryside’, ‘Biodiversity and wildlife’, and<br />

‘News and events’.<br />

To view Purbeck’s work, visit www.purbeck.gov.uk<br />

and search under ‘Services’, ‘Planning’, ‘Planning policy’<br />

and ‘Further proposed modifications – November <strong>20</strong>03’.<br />

3


Up on the roof<br />

The green roof on City Hall in Chicago, established in <strong>20</strong>00 and now<br />

saving the city authority over 5,000 dollars a year in energy bills<br />

When space is at a premium, perhaps the only way<br />

to go is up. Green (or vegetated) roofs have a huge,<br />

untapped potential in the UK to contribute significantly<br />

to our quality of life in urban areas.<br />

A green roof contains various layers that create a<br />

suitable environment for plant growth and which won’t<br />

damage the building’s fabric. Grasses, mosses and<br />

succulents (such as sedum) are the most common types<br />

of vegetation used, but trees, shrubs and sparsely<br />

herbaceous habitats can also be grown.<br />

The benefits of green roofs are well tested and<br />

becoming better known. They can:<br />

● offer extra green space for wildlife and people<br />

● clean the air of dust and pollution<br />

● ameliorate extremes of temperature and humidity<br />

● slow stormwater run-off, important in countering<br />

the effects of climate change<br />

● provide extra noise and building insulation<br />

● potentially reduce heating and cooling bills<br />

● extend roof life<br />

● make a high-profile and aesthetic design statement.<br />

It is thought that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon had<br />

raised terraces that were planted with groves of trees.<br />

In the twentieth century, leading modernist architects,<br />

including Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier,<br />

advocated their use.<br />

Green roofs are now widespread in parts of North<br />

America, Japan and Europe. In Germany, over 25 million<br />

square metres have been installed since <strong>20</strong>01. The<br />

German Federal Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> Act requires<br />

mitigation for the ecological impact of building<br />

construction. This means that green roofs are often<br />

required by conditions attached to construction permits.<br />

Forty-three percent of German cities offer significant<br />

financial incentives for roof greening, and 17% offer<br />

reduced sewerage charges for developments with<br />

green roofs. No such incentives currently exist in the<br />

UK, and this is a major barrier to their implementation.<br />

It is hoped that a cluster of green roofs – planned as<br />

part of the Thames-side regeneration of Deptford Creek,<br />

which is probably unique in the UK – will demonstrate<br />

their cumulative benefit for biodiversity. In addition,<br />

the roofs will include nesting structures for birds such<br />

as the sand martin, kingfisher and black redstart – a<br />

rare and protected species in the UK. A significant<br />

proportion of the UK’s black redstart breeding population<br />

occurs in urban areas and is particularly associated<br />

with brownfield sites. Green roofs could be a means<br />

of providing replacement habitat if these sites are<br />

developed.<br />

English Nature has produced a report, Green roofs: their<br />

existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity<br />

in urban areas. It includes the results of a review of<br />

Mathew Frith<br />

Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) species,<br />

which show that green roofs could<br />

benefit bats, many insects and<br />

spiders, and birds such as kestrels,<br />

The green roof on London’s Canary Wharf<br />

song thrushes, goldfinches, house<br />

martins, swallows, black redstarts and<br />

house sparrows. A joint publication on green roofs by the British Council for Offices and<br />

Corporation of London, aimed at planners and developers, was produced to further the City of<br />

London BAP. Both publications provide a wealth of background material, technical detail, case<br />

studies and sources of further information. The Mayor of London’s Biodiversity and Draft<br />

Energy Strategies include policies to promote green roofs on new developments, and talks are<br />

underway with the Greater London Authority to establish a Green Roofs Policy Task Force to<br />

promote them in key areas of regeneration.<br />

English Nature’s report identifies the state of play on green roofs, but research continues on<br />

a number of fronts. The University of Sheffield has been undertaking a study to identify the<br />

ability of various plant species to tolerate rooftop conditions, in order that more appropriate<br />

vegetation can be used to benefit biodiversity. Invertebrate surveys of green roofs in London<br />

in <strong>20</strong>01–2 have led to a research project based at Royal Holloway College to test the<br />

biodiversity performance of a range of green roof types.<br />

The first UK conference on green roofs was held in Sheffield in September <strong>20</strong>03. It identified<br />

some of the key barriers to and opportunities for UK implementation. It identified the need for<br />

an independent organisation to promote the benefits (and constraints) of green roofs, advocate<br />

policy, regulatory and fiscal changes to ease their use and develop standards for the industry.<br />

This is a priority – and the first step towards it was the launch of the website,<br />

www.livingroofs.org. The site offers useful information on green roofs and is helping to ensure<br />

that biodiversity conservation is a core consideration for any such roofs that are installed.<br />

English Nature’s Green roofs: their existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity<br />

in urban areas research report 498 can be downloaded from:<br />

www.english-nature.org.uk/pubs/publication/PDF/498.pdf<br />

The Corporation of London and British Council for Offices research advice note, ‘Green roofs’,<br />

can be downloaded from:<br />

www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/our_services/development_planning/planning/pdf/A5_Green_roofs.pdf<br />

David Knight<br />

Urban Adviser, English Nature<br />

Mathew Frith<br />

e-mail david.knight@english-nature.org.uk<br />

4


Homes for birds<br />

The house sparrow – not, we hope, about<br />

to vanish from our urban areas<br />

The sight of a house sparrow<br />

in our towns and inner cities<br />

should not be taken for granted.<br />

House sparrows used to be common, but their population has declined by<br />

almost two thirds in the last 25 years. This means that the house sparrow is<br />

now ‘red listed’ as a species of high conservation concern.<br />

It is not clear whether the decline is due to a lack of food, nest sites or<br />

other factors. But we do know that simple measures can be taken by local<br />

authorities, developers and homeowners to help sparrows and other<br />

town birds such as swifts and black redstarts.<br />

We need to consider every element of the birds’ life cycles – breeding,<br />

feeding, watering, winter survival and shelter. We can manage the<br />

landscaped environment to meet the needs of each and give birds a better<br />

chance of survival. This can be done by planting native plants, encouraging<br />

annual weeds to grow in selected areas, leaving longer grass and reducing<br />

the use of herbicides and insectides.<br />

In new buildings, we can incorporate enclosed nestboxes behind fascias<br />

and soffits. For those concerned about house sales, the bird holes can be<br />

blanked with a removable plate, letting homeowners choose whether they<br />

would like birds to nest or not. In old buildings, renovation should be carried<br />

out during the winter wherever possible and potential nest sites should not<br />

be blocked. All work should be carried out according to the requirements<br />

of the law.<br />

Action is being taken. Most London boroughs are actively involved in house<br />

sparrow projects. Outside the capital, too, work is underway. Merseyside<br />

has two authorities working to produce supplementary planning guidance<br />

on mitigation and enhancement issues for urban birds such as the house<br />

sparrow. In Wales, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council is keen<br />

to encourage more birds in buildings and Caerphilly Borough Council has<br />

written a Species Action Plan for the house sparrow and carried out a<br />

house-nesting bird survey.<br />

Mike Lane (rspb-images.com) David Kjaer (rspb-images.com)<br />

Information and help is at hand and it isn’t just the house sparrow that is<br />

targeted for action. There are websites giving advice on how to help swifts<br />

and black redstarts, too. They give examples of situations where close work<br />

between architects and planners has benefited birds by creating habitat and<br />

providing nest sites in both old and new buildings. The <strong>RSPB</strong>, like many<br />

other wildlife organisations, has produced leaflets and can give advice on<br />

conservation action (please see back page for contact details).<br />

Let’s hope that seeing birds in our towns remains a thrill for future<br />

generations to enjoy.<br />

You can visit the following websites for more information:<br />

www.concernforswifts.com<br />

www.londons-swifts.org.uk<br />

www.blackredstarts.org.uk<br />

John Day<br />

Assistant Advisory Officer, UK Headquarters<br />

e-mail: john.day.lodge@rspb.org.uk<br />

Buildings should incorporate homes<br />

for birds like the swift<br />

5


Training pack<br />

helps wildlife<br />

on-site<br />

Energy efficiency –<br />

how planners can help<br />

Climate change poses one of the most significant long-term threats to society and<br />

biodiversity. In response, the UK Government is committed to producing 10% of our electricity<br />

needs from renewable sources by <strong>20</strong>10 and to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 60%<br />

by <strong>20</strong>50.<br />

Improving energy efficiency is key to achieving these targets and the planning system should<br />

play a major role.<br />

Last year, the London Borough of Merton became the first local authority to adopt a<br />

pro-renewables planning policy in its Unitary Development Plan (UDP). The policy encourages<br />

energy efficiency in the design of buildings and in their layout and orientation. It will also now<br />

expect that all new non-residential buildings larger than 1,000 m 2 source at least 10% of their<br />

predicted energy requirements from on-site renewables, such as solar photovoltaic and solar<br />

thermal technologies. In approving the policy, the Government Inspector said that there was<br />

unambiguous national and regional support for Merton’s approach. It is clear that this type of<br />

policy can be successfully and legally adopted.<br />

The Mayor of London sets out a similar approach in his draft London Energy Strategy and has<br />

extended its application to residential developments of 10 dwellings or more. It is expected<br />

that many London boroughs will soon follow suit.<br />

Bat roosts can be at risk on building sites<br />

The construction industry body, CIRIA, has<br />

recently published a resource and training pack,<br />

part-funded by the <strong>RSPB</strong>, which it hopes will<br />

improve the industry’s ability to address the<br />

impacts of development projects on local wildlife<br />

and habitats. Working with wildlife highlights the<br />

virtue of knowing your site, while addressing the<br />

fundamentals of ecology, current legislation and<br />

the relationships between wildlife and<br />

construction projects. It is an excellent source<br />

of advice for planners.<br />

John Kaczanow<br />

Oldham Metropolitan Council has included a policy like Merton’s in its revised deposit draft<br />

UDP (due to be considered at a public inquiry in mid to late <strong>20</strong>04) and, like London, has<br />

extended the policy to include residential developments of 10 or more units.<br />

We should all applaud the contribution that these policies will make to achieving the<br />

Government’s <strong>20</strong>10 renewables target. However, we also need to remember that buildings<br />

are designed to last well beyond the <strong>20</strong>10 deadline and that developments subject to these<br />

policies will be considered to be outdated within <strong>20</strong> years. The Government has an<br />

aspirational target of producing <strong>20</strong>% of the UK’s electricity needs from renewables by <strong>20</strong><strong>20</strong>.<br />

It is important, therefore, that planning authorities are visionary and have regard for the<br />

longer-term carbon reduction target as well as the shorter-term renewables targets when<br />

developing new planning policies.<br />

Richard Oxley<br />

Transport and Energy Policy Officer, UK Headquarters<br />

e-mail: richard.oxley@rspb.org.uk<br />

Recognising the influence that planning and<br />

conservation legislation has upon the industry,<br />

the pack suggests that we move beyond simply<br />

complying with the minimum legal requirement<br />

and highlights the role that client and designer<br />

can have in achieving Biodiversity Action Plan<br />

targets at a local level. It highlights ways in<br />

which project staff at all levels can be involved in<br />

improving performance in relation to wildlife<br />

issues. Using briefing sheets, toolbox talks and<br />

presentation materials, it demonstrates what to<br />

do and how to do it when you encounter certain<br />

species on-site.<br />

Mark Southgate<br />

For further information on the pack,<br />

visit www.ciria.org or contact CIRIA<br />

by telephoning 0<strong>20</strong> 7549 3300<br />

or e-mailing enquiries@ciria.org<br />

The combined heat and power plant at Beddington Zero Energy Development<br />

6


Planning for wildlife in housing developments<br />

How does a city of 80,000 people accommodate another 4,500 houses when it<br />

is surrounded by beautiful, wildlife-rich countryside? Worcester faced this dilemma<br />

15 years ago. Working with the developers right from the start, Worcester City<br />

Council’s planning department took a deliberately wildlife-friendly approach to<br />

planning the new homes, which are now in place in the Warndon Villages.<br />

Survey<br />

The area chosen for development was situated between the city and the<br />

M5. Detailed surveying was carried out at the beginning of the process to<br />

identify the natural assets here. Forty-seven ponds were found, of which<br />

12 contained great crested newts. There was also a 28.7 km hedgerow<br />

network, two semi-natural ancient woodlands and 50 hectares of<br />

unimproved grassland. The vast majority of the fields were classified as<br />

improved grassland or arable, which meant that they had little wildlife value,<br />

relative to the surrounding hedges.<br />

Selection and retention of natural assets<br />

The planners and developers decided to plan the development around the<br />

retention of selected natural assets. This willingness to work around existing<br />

assets is very welcome as, all too often, a chosen site has to accommodate<br />

a near-finalised development scheme. Rather than make one single housing<br />

estate, the 4,500 houses were split up into a number of ‘villages’ –<br />

effectively, small estates that were ‘dropped into’ the existing field structure.<br />

This ‘village’ arrangement meant that the vast majority of the hedgerows<br />

were kept, and they provided a framework around which the roads, cycle<br />

paths, shops and houses could be planned. Although 5.6 km of hedgerow<br />

were lost, 4 km of native hedgerow (as opposed to garden hedges) were<br />

planted during the development, and 1.2 km of hedgerows were restored,<br />

so the net loss was only 0.4 km.<br />

With three main developers, numerous sub-developers and 4,500 plots, it<br />

would not be surprising if there were a few problems. However, even<br />

hedgerow boundary and individual hedgerow management issues were<br />

tackled by fostering good communication at different stages of the project.<br />

Management<br />

Management was reintroduced to the two<br />

semi-natural ancient woodlands, which has<br />

improved their structure and habitat diversity.<br />

While eight of the 47 ponds were lost during<br />

development, 14 were either created or<br />

renovated. The Warndon area now contains the<br />

highest concentration of great crested newt<br />

ponds in the country, with just under three<br />

ponds per square kilometre. Other ponds here<br />

have become important habitats for smooth<br />

newts and the common frog. All the ponds<br />

host a healthy range of invertebrates, including<br />

two Red Data Book beetles.<br />

This tailored and sensitive approach has<br />

produced a large-scale development while<br />

avoiding the loss of valuable landscape and<br />

wildlife. The Warndon development is now<br />

maturing into a local biodiversity haven.<br />

If you would like more information, please<br />

contact:<br />

Rory McClure<br />

Project Greenspace Officer,<br />

Worcester City Council<br />

e-mail: rmcclure@cityofworcester.gov.uk<br />

or telephone 01905 722500<br />

Andy Hay (rspb-images.com)<br />

Andy Hay (rspb-images.com)<br />

A cycleway and footpath alongside an original field<br />

hedgerow at Warndon<br />

One of Warndon’s many newt ponds<br />

7


The <strong>RSPB</strong> has published two practical guides to habitat<br />

creation and management. A practical guide to the<br />

restoration and management of lowland heathland<br />

considers this Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat,<br />

the pressures it faces from development and other factors,<br />

and the need for appropriate management to maintain its<br />

ecological richness. The Habitat creation handbook for<br />

the mineral industry focuses on the creation of priority<br />

habitats on redundant mineral workings. Both guides:<br />

●<br />

●<br />

●<br />

●<br />

●<br />

Habitat handbooks<br />

published<br />

aim to help all who are involved in habitat creation<br />

and restoration, including planners, site managers,<br />

conservation organisations, operators and developers<br />

give background to conservation issues<br />

cover the entire process of planning habitat creation,<br />

including management<br />

present the latest ideas and methodologies<br />

use authoritative case studies.<br />

A practical guide to the restoration and management<br />

of lowland heathland (£19.99) and the Habitat creation<br />

handbook for the mineral industry (£24.99) are available<br />

from the <strong>RSPB</strong> by contacting Peter Smith (see details right),<br />

or by visiting:<br />

www.rspb.org.uk/countryside/habitats/handbooks/index.asp<br />

Need some advice?<br />

The <strong>RSPB</strong> has many<br />

hundreds of publications,<br />

some of them available<br />

at no cost. Many of<br />

them are recognised as<br />

definitive handbooks<br />

written by experts on<br />

topics such as habitat<br />

creation, restoration and<br />

management, planning,<br />

biodiversity, climate<br />

change, transport,<br />

wetlands, heathlands,<br />

agriculture and<br />

woodlands. There<br />

are also smaller<br />

publications on birds<br />

and the law, birds of<br />

prey and wind farm<br />

development,<br />

for example.<br />

Find out more about barn<br />

owls and other species from<br />

our advisory leaflets<br />

We have a wide range of free publications – including advisory<br />

leaflets on lowland and upland farmland birds, arable and livestock<br />

farming and water policy, and a range of posters. Our wildlife advice<br />

leaflets may be of use to planners, developers, farmers and<br />

homeowners. They cover a diverse selection of subjects – from<br />

what’s in the roof, nest boxes and planting for wildlife to hedgerows,<br />

barn owls, house sparrows, swifts and house martins.<br />

John Markham (rspb-images.com)<br />

For more information or to request the regularly updated free<br />

<strong>RSPB</strong> publications list, please contact:<br />

Peter Smith<br />

Publications Co-ordinator, UK Headquarters<br />

e-mail: peter.smith@rspb.org.uk or<br />

telephone 01234 211522<br />

The <strong>RSPB</strong> in your area<br />

UK Headquarters<br />

The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL<br />

Tel: 01767 680551 Fax: 01767 692365<br />

www.rspb.org.uk<br />

Northern Ireland Headquarters<br />

Belvoir Park Forest, Belfast BT8 7QT<br />

Tel: 028 9049 1547<br />

Fax: 028 9049 1547<br />

Scotland Headquarters<br />

Dunedin House, 25 Ravelston Terrace,<br />

Edinburgh EH4 3TP<br />

Tel: 0131 311 6500<br />

Fax: 0131 311 6569<br />

Wales Headquarters<br />

Sutherland House, Castlebridge,<br />

Cowbridge Road East, Cardiff CF11 9AB<br />

Tel: 029 <strong>20</strong>35 3000 Fax: 029 <strong>20</strong>35 3017<br />

North Wales Office<br />

Maes y Ffynnon, Penrhosgarnedd,<br />

Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DW<br />

Tel: 01248 363800<br />

Central England Regional Office<br />

46 The Green, South Bar,<br />

Banbury, Oxfordshire OX16 9AB<br />

Tel: 01295 253330<br />

Fax: 01295 265734<br />

East Anglia Regional Office<br />

Stalham House, 65 Thorpe Road,<br />

Norwich NR1 1UD<br />

Tel: 01603 661662<br />

Fax: 01603 660088<br />

North England Regional Office<br />

4 Benton Terrace, Sandyford Road,<br />

Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 1QU<br />

Tel: 0191 212 0353<br />

Fax: 0191 212 0622<br />

North West England Regional Office<br />

Westleigh Mews, Wakefield Road,<br />

Denby Dale, Huddersfield HD8 8QD<br />

Tel: 01484 861148<br />

Fax: 01484 86<strong>20</strong>18<br />

South East England Regional Office<br />

2nd Floor, Frederick House,<br />

42 Frederick Place, Brighton BN1 4EA<br />

Tel: 01273 775333<br />

Fax: 01273 2<strong>20</strong>236<br />

South West England Regional Office<br />

1st Floor, Keble House, Southernhay<br />

Gardens, Exeter, Devon EX1 1NT<br />

Tel: 01392 432691 Fax: 01392 453750<br />

East Scotland Regional Office<br />

10 Albyn Terrace, Aberdeen AB10 1YP<br />

Tel: 01224 624824 Fax: 01224 626234<br />

North Scotland Regional Office<br />

Etive House, Beechwood Park,<br />

Inverness IV2 3BW<br />

Tel: 01463 715000 Fax: 01463 715315<br />

South and West Scotland<br />

Regional Office<br />

10 Park Quadrant, Glasgow G3 6BS<br />

Tel: 0141 331 0993<br />

The <strong>RSPB</strong> is the UK charity working<br />

to secure a healthy environment for<br />

birds and wildlife, helping to create<br />

a better world for us all. We belong<br />

to BirdLife International, the global<br />

partnership of bird conservation<br />

organisations.<br />

Registered charity no <strong>20</strong>7076<br />

27-0894-03-04<br />

8

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