Conservation Planner 20 - RSPB
Conservation Planner 20 - RSPB
Conservation Planner 20 - RSPB
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MARCH <strong>20</strong>04 EDITION <strong>20</strong><br />
The Beddington Zero Energy Development in London is a good example of sustainable living<br />
Raf Makda<br />
Welcome to the<br />
March <strong>20</strong>04 issue of<br />
<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Planner</strong>.<br />
This special issue<br />
focuses on how we<br />
can build sustainable<br />
communities across<br />
the UK. This is an<br />
important goal for<br />
planners and one that<br />
we hope will be<br />
assisted by changes<br />
to the planning<br />
system. As we create<br />
these developments,<br />
important wildlife and<br />
habitats should not<br />
be put at risk. Natural<br />
resources such as<br />
water and minerals<br />
should be used<br />
wisely.<br />
Let us show how we<br />
can produce<br />
communities that<br />
incorporate cuttingedge<br />
construction<br />
techniques and bring<br />
other new benefits<br />
such as well-designed<br />
green spaces.<br />
In this issue, we<br />
highlight some of the<br />
current good planning<br />
practices and sources<br />
of advice. But, we<br />
would also like to<br />
hear about examples<br />
from your work.<br />
Please e-mail Heather<br />
Mitchell (address on<br />
page 3).<br />
<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Planner</strong><br />
is a free, twice-yearly<br />
newsletter. If you<br />
would like to register<br />
to receive future<br />
issues, please contact<br />
Tamar Allan on<br />
01767 680551 or fill in<br />
the enclosed form.<br />
<strong>Conservation</strong><br />
Sustainable<br />
communities<br />
Sustainable communities may be our goal but, as<br />
planners, are we confident that our approach will deliver<br />
‘exactly what it says on the cover’?<br />
In England, the Government launched The Communities<br />
Plan (Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future)<br />
last year. It aims to create sustainable communities in the<br />
south-east in four growth areas – the Thames Gateway,<br />
the London-Stansted-Cambridge corridor, Ashford and<br />
Milton Keynes/South Midlands. It will also establish nine<br />
‘Pathfinder’ schemes in parts of the north and midlands<br />
to tackle low demand for housing. The Government says<br />
that it is ‘not just about housing’ but ‘a new approach<br />
to how we build and what we build’. Certainly, the<br />
promise of much-needed homes, especially for key<br />
workers, is to be welcomed.<br />
How will the environment fair? The Plan acknowledges<br />
the consequences of development on scarce water<br />
resources, but it does not include strong policies to reduce<br />
demand during or after construction. In the Thames<br />
Gateway and Northamptonshire, valuable wildlife sites<br />
could be directly threatened, and the Plan gives little<br />
reassurance that they will be protected. Particularly<br />
disappointing is the scant reference to the importance of<br />
environmental enhancements for wildlife and landscapes<br />
to support economic and social renewal.<br />
<strong>Planner</strong><br />
The Milton Keynes and South Midlands (MKSM) Growth<br />
Area identifies a potential for growth of up to 300,000<br />
jobs and 370,000 houses by <strong>20</strong>31. We hope that the<br />
MKSM Sub-regional Strategy Public Examination, being<br />
held in March <strong>20</strong>04, allows sufficient time for<br />
environmental concerns to be discussed. Such is the<br />
concern about proposed growth levels that the statutory<br />
agencies, many local authorities and environmental<br />
groups have produced a joint response to the consultation.<br />
They recommend:<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
Strategic Environmental Assessment of the impacts<br />
of growth on the sub-region’s natural environment,<br />
including its landscape and wildlife, and on demand<br />
for water, minerals and other resources<br />
proposals for ‘green infrastructure’ – from local urban<br />
green spaces to strategic countryside initiatives such<br />
as Regional Parks, to be delivered alongside built<br />
development<br />
a clear direction for built development on this scale<br />
to make a significant contribution to deliver<br />
Biodiversity Action Plan targets for habitat creation.<br />
The <strong>RSPB</strong> believes that these recommendations should<br />
be essential ingredients for all sustainable communities.<br />
You can request a free, e-mailed copy of the joint<br />
statement ‘Delivering Sustainable Communities’<br />
by contacting:<br />
Colin Wilkinson<br />
<strong>Conservation</strong> Officer, Central England Regional Office<br />
e-mail: colin.wilkinson@rspb.org.uk
<strong>Planner</strong>s helping<br />
species protection<br />
Delivering biodiversity action<br />
through local government<br />
<strong>Planner</strong>s in Teignbridge, Devon, are helping a threatened<br />
bird species in their area. Cirl buntings were once<br />
widespread across south-west and southern England.<br />
They rely heavily on weedy cereal stubble in winter,<br />
and on invertebrate-rich pasture in summer. Changes<br />
in farming practices in the 1960s and ‘70s caused their<br />
population to decline dramatically. Today, just under 700<br />
breeding pairs survive, confined largely to south Devon.<br />
The species is also threatened by the demand for new<br />
housing, industry and roads. The <strong>RSPB</strong> is concerned that<br />
extensions to urban settlements, particularly in and<br />
around Teignbridge, could wipe out many breeding pairs<br />
and their habitat. The Teignbridge district supports the<br />
species at the most northerly point of its range and is,<br />
therefore, of vital strategic importance in any recovery<br />
project.<br />
At the recent Devon Structure Plan Examination In<br />
Public, the <strong>RSPB</strong> and Teignbridge District Council<br />
planners contested a proposal to expand Exeter city<br />
limits to include Exminster village – a well-known<br />
hotspot for cirl buntings. The Inspector supported our<br />
views and recommended no new housing at Exminster.<br />
The district council is now reviewing its Local Plan<br />
and considering how to minimise the impact of any<br />
development on cirl buntings.<br />
In the meantime, the <strong>RSPB</strong> has been working with<br />
Teignbridge District Council to produce supplementary<br />
planning guidance. This will help developers and<br />
planners when they are considering development in cirl<br />
bunting areas. It will suggest ways of avoiding adverse<br />
effects and providing benefits for the species instead.<br />
It will also explain how to minimise any unwanted<br />
effects through mitigation and offer advice on using<br />
compensation measures if planning permission that<br />
will adversely affect cirl buntings is granted in<br />
exceptional circumstances.<br />
We hope that this approach will help to ensure a safe<br />
future for one of Devon’s special birds.<br />
Cath Jeffs<br />
Cirl Bunting Project Officer, South West Regional Office<br />
e-mail: cath.jeffs@rspb.org.uk<br />
Integrated action by planners<br />
is helping this rare bird<br />
Chris Gomersall (rspb-images.com)<br />
David Kinney<br />
Biodiversity-inspired public art – a mosaic made from recycled tiles,<br />
plates and cutlery, created by local people in association with the<br />
Broughty Ferry Environmental Project.<br />
The Scottish Biodiversity Forum (SBF) is producing useful guidance to help<br />
local authorities take on their growing responsibility for biodiversity.<br />
The increasing involvement of local authorities in biodiversity enhancement<br />
has several drivers. Each one recognises the importance of biodiversity as a<br />
key element of sustainable development. The Local Government in Scotland<br />
Act <strong>20</strong>03 requires the best value process to be delivered in a way that helps<br />
to achieve sustainable development. The Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> (Scotland) Bill<br />
(draft) introduces a general biodiversity duty that will apply to every public<br />
body and office-holder in Scotland. This duty will oblige them ‘to further the<br />
conservation of biodiversity’ in carrying out their work. The draft Scottish<br />
Biodiversity Strategy’s 25-year vision states that the conservation and<br />
enhancement of biodiversity underpins all decision-making and practice.<br />
The SBF publication investigates these legislative and policy drivers and<br />
explores opportunities to enhance biodiversity through the community<br />
planning process. It makes the link to Local Biodiversity Action Plans<br />
(LBAPs), which help local authorities to deliver sustainable development<br />
targets. LBAPs identify environmental objectives and targets for priority<br />
species and habitats, so that development can incorporate them.<br />
Unfortunately, there has not been enough work done to ensure that local<br />
authorities are integrating biodiversity into all their areas of service delivery.<br />
This publication addresses this gap by showing where local authorities have<br />
already been successful, and where they can do more to benefit biodiversity<br />
in most, if not all, of their service delivery areas.<br />
The publication includes:<br />
● case studies on biodiversity conservation action taken by local authorities<br />
across Scotland<br />
● information on what is meant by, and the importance of, biodiversity and<br />
sustainable development in relation to best value and community planning<br />
● a summary of existing publications that offer advice and guidance on<br />
delivering biodiversity<br />
● a range of performance indicators that can be used to measure progress.<br />
The publication will be promoted to all Scottish local authorities, the<br />
Convention of Scottish Local Authorities, Scottish Executive, Royal Town<br />
Planning Institute and other relevant bodies, through meetings, conferences<br />
and seminars.<br />
For more information on ‘Best Value, Community Planning and Biodiversity in<br />
Scotland’, please contact:<br />
Jo Lenthall<br />
Scotland LBAP Project Officer,<br />
Scottish Biodiversity Forum, c/o Scotland Headquarters<br />
e-mail: joanna.lenthall@rspb.org.uk<br />
2
Lakenheath Fen in Suffolk – putting reedbeds back into the fen landscape<br />
Mike Page (rspb-images.com)<br />
It’s all mapped out<br />
<strong>Planner</strong>s everywhere are embracing the work of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). For<br />
example, in Wales, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council adopted its Local Biodiversity<br />
Action Plan (LBAP) as supplementary planning guidance. In Cambridgeshire, the Cambourne<br />
development had its own LBAP – as a result, bird numbers have increased since development<br />
and different habitats have been created. Some planners are taking other leaps forward by<br />
mapping ‘enhancement areas’ in their plans.<br />
The Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Biodiversity Partnership has produced a unique new<br />
map, revealing a vision of how the county’s wildlife habitats could look in 50 years. It shows a<br />
dramatic change in the landscape, with new fens and large areas of woodland and grassland.<br />
This map is the first of its kind in Britain and may even be the first produced for any region<br />
in Europe.<br />
Crucially, the map has engaged the public. Included in the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough<br />
Structure Plan, it will influence future planning decisions in the county and is already making<br />
planners and councillors aware of the need for habitat creation projects.<br />
In Dorset, Purbeck District Council planners have identified and mapped a ‘Heathland Zone’<br />
in their Local Plan. This zone has been defined in consultation with English Nature, based<br />
on the distribution of underlying sands and gravels that may have supported heathland in<br />
the past. The zone includes existing developed areas and areas that are proposed for<br />
development. This is because heathland re-creation may combine well with development<br />
in these areas. The Local Plan states that heathland re-creation that is agreed in conjunction<br />
with planning applications will be secured using planning obligations. A ‘heathland<br />
re-creation’ policy states that:<br />
‘development proposals that are in accordance with other policies in this Local Plan<br />
and that include provision for heathland re-creation within the heathland zone (as defined<br />
on the Proposals Map), particularly by extending existing heathlands or linking existing<br />
heathland fragments, will be permitted’.<br />
In the ‘Proposed Changes’ of the Draft Regional Planning Guidance for the West Midlands,<br />
there is an ‘Areas of Enhancement’ map that shows where concentrated biodiversity<br />
enhancement could take place. A related policy states that:<br />
‘all the plans and programmes of local authorities<br />
and other relevant agencies in the West Midlands<br />
should encourage the maintenance and enhancement<br />
of the Region’s wider biodiversity resources, giving<br />
priority to […] the biodiversity enhancement areas<br />
shown on the Quality of Environment Areas of<br />
Enhancement diagram’.<br />
At the East Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy Public<br />
Examination last year, the East Midlands Biodiversity<br />
Forum presented a map that they had produced of<br />
‘Biodiversity Enhancement Areas’. These are areas<br />
of the region where biodiversity is exceptionally poor or<br />
where there are opportunities to reverse biodiversity<br />
losses by implementing habitat creation projects on a<br />
large scale. We hope that this map will be included in<br />
the final Regional Spatial Strategy.<br />
The planning system, with its strong spatial element,<br />
is ideally placed to translate BAP targets into specific<br />
or broad locations where action might take place.<br />
As a result, we hope to see more work like this soon.<br />
Heather Mitchell<br />
Editor, UK Headquarters<br />
e-mail: heather.mitchell@rspb.org.uk<br />
To view the 50-year wildlife vision map, visit:<br />
www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/sub/cntryside/biodiv<br />
and search under ‘Council services’, ‘Environment<br />
and countryside’, ‘Biodiversity and wildlife’, and<br />
‘News and events’.<br />
To view Purbeck’s work, visit www.purbeck.gov.uk<br />
and search under ‘Services’, ‘Planning’, ‘Planning policy’<br />
and ‘Further proposed modifications – November <strong>20</strong>03’.<br />
3
Up on the roof<br />
The green roof on City Hall in Chicago, established in <strong>20</strong>00 and now<br />
saving the city authority over 5,000 dollars a year in energy bills<br />
When space is at a premium, perhaps the only way<br />
to go is up. Green (or vegetated) roofs have a huge,<br />
untapped potential in the UK to contribute significantly<br />
to our quality of life in urban areas.<br />
A green roof contains various layers that create a<br />
suitable environment for plant growth and which won’t<br />
damage the building’s fabric. Grasses, mosses and<br />
succulents (such as sedum) are the most common types<br />
of vegetation used, but trees, shrubs and sparsely<br />
herbaceous habitats can also be grown.<br />
The benefits of green roofs are well tested and<br />
becoming better known. They can:<br />
● offer extra green space for wildlife and people<br />
● clean the air of dust and pollution<br />
● ameliorate extremes of temperature and humidity<br />
● slow stormwater run-off, important in countering<br />
the effects of climate change<br />
● provide extra noise and building insulation<br />
● potentially reduce heating and cooling bills<br />
● extend roof life<br />
● make a high-profile and aesthetic design statement.<br />
It is thought that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon had<br />
raised terraces that were planted with groves of trees.<br />
In the twentieth century, leading modernist architects,<br />
including Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier,<br />
advocated their use.<br />
Green roofs are now widespread in parts of North<br />
America, Japan and Europe. In Germany, over 25 million<br />
square metres have been installed since <strong>20</strong>01. The<br />
German Federal Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> Act requires<br />
mitigation for the ecological impact of building<br />
construction. This means that green roofs are often<br />
required by conditions attached to construction permits.<br />
Forty-three percent of German cities offer significant<br />
financial incentives for roof greening, and 17% offer<br />
reduced sewerage charges for developments with<br />
green roofs. No such incentives currently exist in the<br />
UK, and this is a major barrier to their implementation.<br />
It is hoped that a cluster of green roofs – planned as<br />
part of the Thames-side regeneration of Deptford Creek,<br />
which is probably unique in the UK – will demonstrate<br />
their cumulative benefit for biodiversity. In addition,<br />
the roofs will include nesting structures for birds such<br />
as the sand martin, kingfisher and black redstart – a<br />
rare and protected species in the UK. A significant<br />
proportion of the UK’s black redstart breeding population<br />
occurs in urban areas and is particularly associated<br />
with brownfield sites. Green roofs could be a means<br />
of providing replacement habitat if these sites are<br />
developed.<br />
English Nature has produced a report, Green roofs: their<br />
existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity<br />
in urban areas. It includes the results of a review of<br />
Mathew Frith<br />
Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) species,<br />
which show that green roofs could<br />
benefit bats, many insects and<br />
spiders, and birds such as kestrels,<br />
The green roof on London’s Canary Wharf<br />
song thrushes, goldfinches, house<br />
martins, swallows, black redstarts and<br />
house sparrows. A joint publication on green roofs by the British Council for Offices and<br />
Corporation of London, aimed at planners and developers, was produced to further the City of<br />
London BAP. Both publications provide a wealth of background material, technical detail, case<br />
studies and sources of further information. The Mayor of London’s Biodiversity and Draft<br />
Energy Strategies include policies to promote green roofs on new developments, and talks are<br />
underway with the Greater London Authority to establish a Green Roofs Policy Task Force to<br />
promote them in key areas of regeneration.<br />
English Nature’s report identifies the state of play on green roofs, but research continues on<br />
a number of fronts. The University of Sheffield has been undertaking a study to identify the<br />
ability of various plant species to tolerate rooftop conditions, in order that more appropriate<br />
vegetation can be used to benefit biodiversity. Invertebrate surveys of green roofs in London<br />
in <strong>20</strong>01–2 have led to a research project based at Royal Holloway College to test the<br />
biodiversity performance of a range of green roof types.<br />
The first UK conference on green roofs was held in Sheffield in September <strong>20</strong>03. It identified<br />
some of the key barriers to and opportunities for UK implementation. It identified the need for<br />
an independent organisation to promote the benefits (and constraints) of green roofs, advocate<br />
policy, regulatory and fiscal changes to ease their use and develop standards for the industry.<br />
This is a priority – and the first step towards it was the launch of the website,<br />
www.livingroofs.org. The site offers useful information on green roofs and is helping to ensure<br />
that biodiversity conservation is a core consideration for any such roofs that are installed.<br />
English Nature’s Green roofs: their existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity<br />
in urban areas research report 498 can be downloaded from:<br />
www.english-nature.org.uk/pubs/publication/PDF/498.pdf<br />
The Corporation of London and British Council for Offices research advice note, ‘Green roofs’,<br />
can be downloaded from:<br />
www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/our_services/development_planning/planning/pdf/A5_Green_roofs.pdf<br />
David Knight<br />
Urban Adviser, English Nature<br />
Mathew Frith<br />
e-mail david.knight@english-nature.org.uk<br />
4
Homes for birds<br />
The house sparrow – not, we hope, about<br />
to vanish from our urban areas<br />
The sight of a house sparrow<br />
in our towns and inner cities<br />
should not be taken for granted.<br />
House sparrows used to be common, but their population has declined by<br />
almost two thirds in the last 25 years. This means that the house sparrow is<br />
now ‘red listed’ as a species of high conservation concern.<br />
It is not clear whether the decline is due to a lack of food, nest sites or<br />
other factors. But we do know that simple measures can be taken by local<br />
authorities, developers and homeowners to help sparrows and other<br />
town birds such as swifts and black redstarts.<br />
We need to consider every element of the birds’ life cycles – breeding,<br />
feeding, watering, winter survival and shelter. We can manage the<br />
landscaped environment to meet the needs of each and give birds a better<br />
chance of survival. This can be done by planting native plants, encouraging<br />
annual weeds to grow in selected areas, leaving longer grass and reducing<br />
the use of herbicides and insectides.<br />
In new buildings, we can incorporate enclosed nestboxes behind fascias<br />
and soffits. For those concerned about house sales, the bird holes can be<br />
blanked with a removable plate, letting homeowners choose whether they<br />
would like birds to nest or not. In old buildings, renovation should be carried<br />
out during the winter wherever possible and potential nest sites should not<br />
be blocked. All work should be carried out according to the requirements<br />
of the law.<br />
Action is being taken. Most London boroughs are actively involved in house<br />
sparrow projects. Outside the capital, too, work is underway. Merseyside<br />
has two authorities working to produce supplementary planning guidance<br />
on mitigation and enhancement issues for urban birds such as the house<br />
sparrow. In Wales, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council is keen<br />
to encourage more birds in buildings and Caerphilly Borough Council has<br />
written a Species Action Plan for the house sparrow and carried out a<br />
house-nesting bird survey.<br />
Mike Lane (rspb-images.com) David Kjaer (rspb-images.com)<br />
Information and help is at hand and it isn’t just the house sparrow that is<br />
targeted for action. There are websites giving advice on how to help swifts<br />
and black redstarts, too. They give examples of situations where close work<br />
between architects and planners has benefited birds by creating habitat and<br />
providing nest sites in both old and new buildings. The <strong>RSPB</strong>, like many<br />
other wildlife organisations, has produced leaflets and can give advice on<br />
conservation action (please see back page for contact details).<br />
Let’s hope that seeing birds in our towns remains a thrill for future<br />
generations to enjoy.<br />
You can visit the following websites for more information:<br />
www.concernforswifts.com<br />
www.londons-swifts.org.uk<br />
www.blackredstarts.org.uk<br />
John Day<br />
Assistant Advisory Officer, UK Headquarters<br />
e-mail: john.day.lodge@rspb.org.uk<br />
Buildings should incorporate homes<br />
for birds like the swift<br />
5
Training pack<br />
helps wildlife<br />
on-site<br />
Energy efficiency –<br />
how planners can help<br />
Climate change poses one of the most significant long-term threats to society and<br />
biodiversity. In response, the UK Government is committed to producing 10% of our electricity<br />
needs from renewable sources by <strong>20</strong>10 and to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 60%<br />
by <strong>20</strong>50.<br />
Improving energy efficiency is key to achieving these targets and the planning system should<br />
play a major role.<br />
Last year, the London Borough of Merton became the first local authority to adopt a<br />
pro-renewables planning policy in its Unitary Development Plan (UDP). The policy encourages<br />
energy efficiency in the design of buildings and in their layout and orientation. It will also now<br />
expect that all new non-residential buildings larger than 1,000 m 2 source at least 10% of their<br />
predicted energy requirements from on-site renewables, such as solar photovoltaic and solar<br />
thermal technologies. In approving the policy, the Government Inspector said that there was<br />
unambiguous national and regional support for Merton’s approach. It is clear that this type of<br />
policy can be successfully and legally adopted.<br />
The Mayor of London sets out a similar approach in his draft London Energy Strategy and has<br />
extended its application to residential developments of 10 dwellings or more. It is expected<br />
that many London boroughs will soon follow suit.<br />
Bat roosts can be at risk on building sites<br />
The construction industry body, CIRIA, has<br />
recently published a resource and training pack,<br />
part-funded by the <strong>RSPB</strong>, which it hopes will<br />
improve the industry’s ability to address the<br />
impacts of development projects on local wildlife<br />
and habitats. Working with wildlife highlights the<br />
virtue of knowing your site, while addressing the<br />
fundamentals of ecology, current legislation and<br />
the relationships between wildlife and<br />
construction projects. It is an excellent source<br />
of advice for planners.<br />
John Kaczanow<br />
Oldham Metropolitan Council has included a policy like Merton’s in its revised deposit draft<br />
UDP (due to be considered at a public inquiry in mid to late <strong>20</strong>04) and, like London, has<br />
extended the policy to include residential developments of 10 or more units.<br />
We should all applaud the contribution that these policies will make to achieving the<br />
Government’s <strong>20</strong>10 renewables target. However, we also need to remember that buildings<br />
are designed to last well beyond the <strong>20</strong>10 deadline and that developments subject to these<br />
policies will be considered to be outdated within <strong>20</strong> years. The Government has an<br />
aspirational target of producing <strong>20</strong>% of the UK’s electricity needs from renewables by <strong>20</strong><strong>20</strong>.<br />
It is important, therefore, that planning authorities are visionary and have regard for the<br />
longer-term carbon reduction target as well as the shorter-term renewables targets when<br />
developing new planning policies.<br />
Richard Oxley<br />
Transport and Energy Policy Officer, UK Headquarters<br />
e-mail: richard.oxley@rspb.org.uk<br />
Recognising the influence that planning and<br />
conservation legislation has upon the industry,<br />
the pack suggests that we move beyond simply<br />
complying with the minimum legal requirement<br />
and highlights the role that client and designer<br />
can have in achieving Biodiversity Action Plan<br />
targets at a local level. It highlights ways in<br />
which project staff at all levels can be involved in<br />
improving performance in relation to wildlife<br />
issues. Using briefing sheets, toolbox talks and<br />
presentation materials, it demonstrates what to<br />
do and how to do it when you encounter certain<br />
species on-site.<br />
Mark Southgate<br />
For further information on the pack,<br />
visit www.ciria.org or contact CIRIA<br />
by telephoning 0<strong>20</strong> 7549 3300<br />
or e-mailing enquiries@ciria.org<br />
The combined heat and power plant at Beddington Zero Energy Development<br />
6
Planning for wildlife in housing developments<br />
How does a city of 80,000 people accommodate another 4,500 houses when it<br />
is surrounded by beautiful, wildlife-rich countryside? Worcester faced this dilemma<br />
15 years ago. Working with the developers right from the start, Worcester City<br />
Council’s planning department took a deliberately wildlife-friendly approach to<br />
planning the new homes, which are now in place in the Warndon Villages.<br />
Survey<br />
The area chosen for development was situated between the city and the<br />
M5. Detailed surveying was carried out at the beginning of the process to<br />
identify the natural assets here. Forty-seven ponds were found, of which<br />
12 contained great crested newts. There was also a 28.7 km hedgerow<br />
network, two semi-natural ancient woodlands and 50 hectares of<br />
unimproved grassland. The vast majority of the fields were classified as<br />
improved grassland or arable, which meant that they had little wildlife value,<br />
relative to the surrounding hedges.<br />
Selection and retention of natural assets<br />
The planners and developers decided to plan the development around the<br />
retention of selected natural assets. This willingness to work around existing<br />
assets is very welcome as, all too often, a chosen site has to accommodate<br />
a near-finalised development scheme. Rather than make one single housing<br />
estate, the 4,500 houses were split up into a number of ‘villages’ –<br />
effectively, small estates that were ‘dropped into’ the existing field structure.<br />
This ‘village’ arrangement meant that the vast majority of the hedgerows<br />
were kept, and they provided a framework around which the roads, cycle<br />
paths, shops and houses could be planned. Although 5.6 km of hedgerow<br />
were lost, 4 km of native hedgerow (as opposed to garden hedges) were<br />
planted during the development, and 1.2 km of hedgerows were restored,<br />
so the net loss was only 0.4 km.<br />
With three main developers, numerous sub-developers and 4,500 plots, it<br />
would not be surprising if there were a few problems. However, even<br />
hedgerow boundary and individual hedgerow management issues were<br />
tackled by fostering good communication at different stages of the project.<br />
Management<br />
Management was reintroduced to the two<br />
semi-natural ancient woodlands, which has<br />
improved their structure and habitat diversity.<br />
While eight of the 47 ponds were lost during<br />
development, 14 were either created or<br />
renovated. The Warndon area now contains the<br />
highest concentration of great crested newt<br />
ponds in the country, with just under three<br />
ponds per square kilometre. Other ponds here<br />
have become important habitats for smooth<br />
newts and the common frog. All the ponds<br />
host a healthy range of invertebrates, including<br />
two Red Data Book beetles.<br />
This tailored and sensitive approach has<br />
produced a large-scale development while<br />
avoiding the loss of valuable landscape and<br />
wildlife. The Warndon development is now<br />
maturing into a local biodiversity haven.<br />
If you would like more information, please<br />
contact:<br />
Rory McClure<br />
Project Greenspace Officer,<br />
Worcester City Council<br />
e-mail: rmcclure@cityofworcester.gov.uk<br />
or telephone 01905 722500<br />
Andy Hay (rspb-images.com)<br />
Andy Hay (rspb-images.com)<br />
A cycleway and footpath alongside an original field<br />
hedgerow at Warndon<br />
One of Warndon’s many newt ponds<br />
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The <strong>RSPB</strong> has published two practical guides to habitat<br />
creation and management. A practical guide to the<br />
restoration and management of lowland heathland<br />
considers this Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat,<br />
the pressures it faces from development and other factors,<br />
and the need for appropriate management to maintain its<br />
ecological richness. The Habitat creation handbook for<br />
the mineral industry focuses on the creation of priority<br />
habitats on redundant mineral workings. Both guides:<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
Habitat handbooks<br />
published<br />
aim to help all who are involved in habitat creation<br />
and restoration, including planners, site managers,<br />
conservation organisations, operators and developers<br />
give background to conservation issues<br />
cover the entire process of planning habitat creation,<br />
including management<br />
present the latest ideas and methodologies<br />
use authoritative case studies.<br />
A practical guide to the restoration and management<br />
of lowland heathland (£19.99) and the Habitat creation<br />
handbook for the mineral industry (£24.99) are available<br />
from the <strong>RSPB</strong> by contacting Peter Smith (see details right),<br />
or by visiting:<br />
www.rspb.org.uk/countryside/habitats/handbooks/index.asp<br />
Need some advice?<br />
The <strong>RSPB</strong> has many<br />
hundreds of publications,<br />
some of them available<br />
at no cost. Many of<br />
them are recognised as<br />
definitive handbooks<br />
written by experts on<br />
topics such as habitat<br />
creation, restoration and<br />
management, planning,<br />
biodiversity, climate<br />
change, transport,<br />
wetlands, heathlands,<br />
agriculture and<br />
woodlands. There<br />
are also smaller<br />
publications on birds<br />
and the law, birds of<br />
prey and wind farm<br />
development,<br />
for example.<br />
Find out more about barn<br />
owls and other species from<br />
our advisory leaflets<br />
We have a wide range of free publications – including advisory<br />
leaflets on lowland and upland farmland birds, arable and livestock<br />
farming and water policy, and a range of posters. Our wildlife advice<br />
leaflets may be of use to planners, developers, farmers and<br />
homeowners. They cover a diverse selection of subjects – from<br />
what’s in the roof, nest boxes and planting for wildlife to hedgerows,<br />
barn owls, house sparrows, swifts and house martins.<br />
John Markham (rspb-images.com)<br />
For more information or to request the regularly updated free<br />
<strong>RSPB</strong> publications list, please contact:<br />
Peter Smith<br />
Publications Co-ordinator, UK Headquarters<br />
e-mail: peter.smith@rspb.org.uk or<br />
telephone 01234 211522<br />
The <strong>RSPB</strong> in your area<br />
UK Headquarters<br />
The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL<br />
Tel: 01767 680551 Fax: 01767 692365<br />
www.rspb.org.uk<br />
Northern Ireland Headquarters<br />
Belvoir Park Forest, Belfast BT8 7QT<br />
Tel: 028 9049 1547<br />
Fax: 028 9049 1547<br />
Scotland Headquarters<br />
Dunedin House, 25 Ravelston Terrace,<br />
Edinburgh EH4 3TP<br />
Tel: 0131 311 6500<br />
Fax: 0131 311 6569<br />
Wales Headquarters<br />
Sutherland House, Castlebridge,<br />
Cowbridge Road East, Cardiff CF11 9AB<br />
Tel: 029 <strong>20</strong>35 3000 Fax: 029 <strong>20</strong>35 3017<br />
North Wales Office<br />
Maes y Ffynnon, Penrhosgarnedd,<br />
Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DW<br />
Tel: 01248 363800<br />
Central England Regional Office<br />
46 The Green, South Bar,<br />
Banbury, Oxfordshire OX16 9AB<br />
Tel: 01295 253330<br />
Fax: 01295 265734<br />
East Anglia Regional Office<br />
Stalham House, 65 Thorpe Road,<br />
Norwich NR1 1UD<br />
Tel: 01603 661662<br />
Fax: 01603 660088<br />
North England Regional Office<br />
4 Benton Terrace, Sandyford Road,<br />
Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 1QU<br />
Tel: 0191 212 0353<br />
Fax: 0191 212 0622<br />
North West England Regional Office<br />
Westleigh Mews, Wakefield Road,<br />
Denby Dale, Huddersfield HD8 8QD<br />
Tel: 01484 861148<br />
Fax: 01484 86<strong>20</strong>18<br />
South East England Regional Office<br />
2nd Floor, Frederick House,<br />
42 Frederick Place, Brighton BN1 4EA<br />
Tel: 01273 775333<br />
Fax: 01273 2<strong>20</strong>236<br />
South West England Regional Office<br />
1st Floor, Keble House, Southernhay<br />
Gardens, Exeter, Devon EX1 1NT<br />
Tel: 01392 432691 Fax: 01392 453750<br />
East Scotland Regional Office<br />
10 Albyn Terrace, Aberdeen AB10 1YP<br />
Tel: 01224 624824 Fax: 01224 626234<br />
North Scotland Regional Office<br />
Etive House, Beechwood Park,<br />
Inverness IV2 3BW<br />
Tel: 01463 715000 Fax: 01463 715315<br />
South and West Scotland<br />
Regional Office<br />
10 Park Quadrant, Glasgow G3 6BS<br />
Tel: 0141 331 0993<br />
The <strong>RSPB</strong> is the UK charity working<br />
to secure a healthy environment for<br />
birds and wildlife, helping to create<br />
a better world for us all. We belong<br />
to BirdLife International, the global<br />
partnership of bird conservation<br />
organisations.<br />
Registered charity no <strong>20</strong>7076<br />
27-0894-03-04<br />
8