Thomas re-elected SBE President - Society of Broadcast Engineers

OCTOBER
2008
Volume 21, Number 5
3
SBE National Webcast
October 13
5
Ennes Trust donates to
SBE education effort
10
ATSC Update:
DTV Transport
Stream Verification
18
Ennes Trust Scholarship
Award Winners
Have you visited us
on the web yet?
www.sbe.org
BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY OF BROADCAST ENGINEERS
Thomas re-elected SBE President
Four will serve on Board for first time
unning
unopposed,
SBE
President, Barry
Thomas was
re-elected for a
second one-year
term that will
begin on October
15. Results of the
annual election of
national officers
and directors for the Society were tabulated by a
board of tellers consisting of SBE members from
Chapter 25 in Indianapolis, Ind.
Thomas is Vice President of Engineering –
Radio for Lincoln Financial Media in Atlanta, Ga.
See ELECTION on page 12
SBE National Meeting October 14-15
hapter 24 of Madison, Wis. will host
the 2008 National Meeting of the
Society of Broadcast Engineers in
conjunction with the Wisconsin Broadcasters
Association (WBA). The event will take place
October 14-15.
The National Meeting will be held in
conjunction with the annual Wisconsin
Broadcasters Clinic, a three-day event that
features broadcast technical presentations for
radio and television engineers and a broadcast
and has been a member of the Society since 1986.
He has served on the national Board for eight
years during two stints of duty. He is active with
SBE Chapter 5 in Atlanta.
equipment expo. Chapter 24 and SBE National
invite any and all SBE members and others
interested in broadcast technology to attend.
The SBE National Meeting and Expo will
be held at the Madison Marriott West Hotel,
located in Middleton, Wis. on Madison’s west
side. The Madison Marriott West Hotel address
is 1313 John Q Hammons Drive, just off
Highway 12 in Middleton, Wis. and just minutes
from downtown Madison and the University of
See MEETING on page 20
the SIGNAL
Society of Broadcast Engineers
9102 North Meridian Street, Suite 150
Indianapolis, IN 46260
ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED

2
the SIGNAL

Society of Broadcast Engineers
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OFFICERS
Barry Thomas, CPBE, CBNT, President
Lincoln Financial Media • Atlanta, Ga. • barryt@sbe.org
Vincent A. Lopez, CEV, CBNT, Vice President
WSYT/WNYS TV • Syracuse, N.Y. • vlopez@wsyt.sbgnet.com
Ted Hand, CPBE, AMD, 8-VSB Secretary
WSOC-TV • Charlotte, N.C. • ted.hand@wsoc-tv.com
Ralph Hogan, CPBE, DRB, CBNT, Treasurer
Maricopa Community College • Tempe, Ariz.
ralph.hogan@riomail.maricopa.edu
DIRECTORS
Cris Alexander, CPBE, AMD, DRB, Crawford Broadcasting
Denver, Colo. • crisa@crawfordbroadcasting.com
Ralph Beaver, CBT, Media Alert LLC
Tampa, Fla. • bevo@mediaalert.com
James T. Bernier, Jr., CPBE, CBNT, Turner Entertainment
Networks, TBS, Inc. • Alpharetta, Ga. • jim.bernier@sbe.org
Andrea B. Cummis, CBT, CTO, Total RF Productions
Roseland, N.J. • acummis@totalrf.com
Dane E. Ericksen, P.E., CSRTE, 8-VSB, CBNT Hammett &
Edison, Inc. • San Francisco, Calif. • dericksen@h-e.com
Clay Freinwald, CPBE Entercom Communications
Auburn, Wash. • k7cr@blarg.net
Hal H. Hostetler, CPBE, KVOA Television
Tucson, Ariz. • hhh@kvoa.com
Keith M. Kintner, CPBE, CBNT, University of Wisconsin
Oshkosh, Wis. • kintner@uwosh.edu
Jerry Massey, CPBE, AMD, 8-VSB, CBNT
Entercom Communications • Greenville, S.C.
jmassey@entercom.com
Thomas R. Ray III, CPBE, Buckley Broadcasting/
WOR Radio • New York, N.Y. • tomray@wor710.com
Christopher D. Tarr, CBRE, DRB, CBT, CBNT, Entercom
Delafield, Wis. • chris@broadcastdoc.net
Larry J. Wilkins, CPBE, AMD, CBNT
Prattville, Ala. • larrywilkins@charter.net
Christopher H. Scherer, CPBE, CBNT
Immediate Past President • Radio magazine
Overland Park, Kans. • cscherer@sbe.org
NATIONAL STAFF
John L. Poray, CAE, Executive Director
jporay@sbe.org
Holly Essex, Communications Manager
hessex@sbe.org
Megan E. Clappe, Certification Director
mclappe@sbe.org
Scott Jones, Database Manager
kjones@sbe.org
Debbie Hennessey, Executive Assistant
dhennessey@sbe.org
Carol S. Waite, Certification Assistant
cwaite@sbe.org
the SIGNAL is published bimonthly by the Society of
Broadcast Engineers, Inc., 9102 North Meridian Street,
Suite 150, Indianapolis, IN 46260. Questions/comments
regarding editorial content, design or advertising should
be referred to Holly Essex at (317) 846-9000 or hessex@
sbe.org. SBE is a registered trademark of the Society of
Broadcast Engineers.
OCTOBER 2008
Tune in to SBE National
Webcast October 13
or a second consecutive year, SBE will conduct a one-hour national webconference
on Monday evening, October 13. The program will begin at 8:00
pm EDT (5:00 pm PDT) and emanate from the facilities of Wisconsin Public
Television in Madison. The program will feature SBE President Barry Thomas, Vice
President Vinny Lopez and other national leaders of SBE. Viewers will be able to submit
questions during the program.
The program will also be available via satellite. Log-in information and satellite coordinates
will be available after October 1 at the SBE website, www.sbe.org. Chapters
may want to consider making this event their chapter meeting program for October.
Save the date!
SBE Partners with NAB on
2009 Engineering Conference
or the fifteenth consecutive year, the Society of Broadcast Engineers will
again be the organizing partner with the National Association of Broadcasters
for the upcoming NAB Broadcast Engineering Conference (BEC) at the 2009
NAB Show. The 2009 event will be held in Las Vegas from April 18-24.
SBE and the Ennes Educational Foundation Trust will be presenting a full-day
Ennes Workshop to kick off the BEC on Saturday, April 18.
Lew Zager, President of LZ Solutions and Ennes Trustee, Fred Baumgartner,
CPBE CBNT, are organizing the Ennes Workshop. Attendees of the PBS and NPR
Engineering Conferences will have the opportunity to attend the Ennes Workshop in
2009 as the final day of their respective technical conferences. To attend the Ennes
Workshop during the BEC, you must be registered through NAB for the full Broadcast
Engineering Conference.
Watch for a complete program
description in future issues of The SBE
Signal and at the SBE website, www.sbe.
org.
A nine member committee is working
to plan the six-day Broadcast Engineering
Conference. They include Joe Snelson,
CPBE (chairman), Meredith Broadcasting
Group; Dom Bordonaro, CSRE, Cox Radio
Connecticut; Michael Cooney, Beasley
Broadcast Group; Michael Doback,
CPBE, E.W. Scripps Station Group; David
Folsom, Raycom Media, Inc.; Thomas
Hankinson, ABC Network; Andy Laird,
Journal Broadcast Group; Glenn Reitmeier,
NBC Universal; Jeff Smith, CEA, CBT, CBNT,
Clear Channel Radio – New York City;
Registration and hotel information will
be available at the NAB website.
What’s your
Certification
Q: The OSI layer beneath
the Presentation Layer is:
A) Application
B) Session
C) Physical
D) Network
Quotient
Question taken from SBE CertPreview. Turn to page 21 for the answer
?
3

SBE provides teamwork, strength
and professional support system
his issue I’m going to be uncharacteristically
brief. Many of
you may be aware that I’ve
recently been faced with some health
challenges. Quickly, for those that might
not be aware: Last month I required fairly
drastic surgery to mitigate damage from a
type of cancer. I am recovering very well
from the surgery; am back at work and
will be facing the balance of my treatment
very soon. I’m encouraged by my
prospects and expect to be around for a
while.
I have a couple of reasons for highlighting
this: One reason is to point out
the excellent mechanisms our Society
has for making sure things get done. We
have a dedicated and gifted national staff
led by our Executive Director, John Poray
who take care of the day-to-day issues
of running the Society. Many decisions
however lie with the elected leaders of
the Society. In my case, once I discovered
that I might be unavailable for a
short while during surgery and recovery,
I discussed the issue with John, our Vice
President Vinny Lopez, and our Immediate
Past President Chriss Scherer. I
asked them to take a bigger role in a few
projects I was working on and requested
they be available in case I needed extended
assistance. As it turned out, the
best outcome was realized and I was able
to resume work (mostly by email) within
days. If I was further incapacitated, the
role of President would, of course, fall
to the Vice President but organizations
like this work best when we’re a team. I
always depend on the advice and assistance
of our Executive Committee,
our Immediate Past President, and our
Executive Director. For this reason, all of
our efforts would have continued without
significant impact if I could not drive
them. This is teamwork!
This needs to be a model for how
our chapters should run! It’s typical
that chapters are dominated by a single
person who has the dedication to actually
administrate the chapter. I want to encourage
all of you to take an active hand
in your chapters…take on even a small
job, and communicate among the leaders
often. This will help the chapter grow,
reduce the extreme time commitment
required by individuals, and will help
insure the chapter will operate normally
if for any reason the “kingpin” is not
available. It will have the side benefit
of helping avoid “chairperson burnout”
which has been the demise of several
chapters. The work we’re doing as a society
is much greater than any individual.
We want to make sure our efforts aren’t
dependent on single individuals but on
our group strength.
I have another reason for bringing up
my recent health issues: I’ve referred to
the “strength in numbers” that the SBE
offers; combining your participation with
that of 5,600 of your colleagues to make
our industry better. This “strength” has
another, much more personal impact
as well. As the symptoms that required
my surgery peaked; word spread like
wildfire through the SBE channels. As a
result, I received assistance, support, and
encouragement from colleagues all over.
I’m not referring to cursory emails and
calls to the “SBE President” but honest
and heartfelt demonstrations of support
given by talented and gifted colleagues
I’ve met through my work in the Society.
People I’ve been able to work with
from chapters all over the US! My family
and I received calls, visits, gestures of
assistance from all over and I found out
about groups across the nation who held
me in their prayers! Even if you do not
believe in
the power
of prayer
and regardless
of your
faith, you
cannot
deny positive
affects of colleagues who show their
concern and support. I certainly gained
from it. This outpouring was enormously
therapeutic. It helped me regain strength
through determination to work with all
of you again as quickly as possible and
to regain my health quickly enough to
see you again at the national meeting. As
of this writing I am planning to be fully
involved in our meetings in Madison as
well as in our 2nd National Webcast. I
have made an effort to individually thank
all of you who showed support but I want
to collectively do that as well. I also want
to recognize that this support system is
largely in place because of the incredible
opportunities provided through the SBE:
Opportunities to network, to assist, to
learn, to befriend. This was an invaluable,
if somewhat intangible benefit to my
active participation in the Society. The
SBE provided for me a built-in PERSONAL
support system.
This circumstance also reminded me
of a number of incidents over the years.
A couple of times since I’ve been involved
with the SBE, I have encountered a contract
engineer member who was stricken
with a health crisis. In those circumstances
there are at least two victims: the
broadcast engineer, who is facing a loss
of income through an inability to fulfill
his or her obligations, and the engineer’s
customers who invariably have technical
problems that need to be addressed.
See PRESIDENT on page 13
4 the SIGNAL

f all the things the SBE has
done, and needs to do, an
earnest educational effort is
by far the most demanding undertaking.
It will take focus, dedication, leadership
and frankly, more resources than we
have on hand. It will take grants, donations
and funds from related budgets and
accounts.
The trustees of the Ennes Educational
Foundation Trust meet regularly; and this
year has done something that they have
wanted to do for some time. They have
contributed $10,000.00 from the Trust to
the Society of Broadcast Engineers to be
used for the expansion of its educational
program. In addition, they have pledged
access to additional funding, as needed,
to provide the seed monies for the most
ambitious educational effort undertaken
by the SBE.
Doubtless, since you are reading this,
that you attached yourself to the SBE
sometime ago to advance the profession
both in the larger world and within yourself.
Undoubtedly, the SBE has constantly
matured in that duty. It is almost hard
to believe that there once was no certification
program, no publications, no
employment services, no mentoring, no
student program, no school affiliations,
no scholarships, no Ennes at NAB or
road shows… but there was never a day
when broadcast engineers didn’t know
that the very professionalism of this vocation
depended on education. The first
fledgling mimeographed SBE publications
were all about training and sharing
know-how. The first recognitions the SBE
awarded were and continue to be for
labors in instruction. Battison, Wulliman,
Ennes and the many that followed, came
from and worked vigorously to improve
the instruction and opportunity in our
industry.
The Ennes Education Foundation
Trust is a non-profit organization that
operates with close ties to the SBE and is
chartered principally to support education
and scholarship. Since its inception,
the Trust has allocated funds yearly to a
scholarship committee who has awarded
dozens of deserving students with a primary
interest in broadcast engineering.
The Trust has also funded SBE publications
and educational programs over the
years. Following the World Trade Center
disaster, the Trust collected funds and
distributed over $250,000 to the families
of the six broadcast engineers lost.
The Ennes Trust operates on donations
from chapters, sustaining members,
individuals and other contributions and
investment income. The Ennes Trust has
trivial operating expenses (mostly postage
and printing), but it also has been
low key in asking for additional funding,
which comes mostly from SBE members
supportive of the Trust and close to its
causes. Being a Trust, a portion of donations
is directed at investments and the
revenue in turn is directed to educational
projects. In a typical year, between 5%
and 10% of the Ennes Trust is allocated
as the trustees weigh the long and short
term conditions and needs. This grant is
exceptional.
Much has happened within the SBE
along the lines of education; almost
entirely on a volunteer and unfunded
basis. But there is a limit to how far any
initiative can grow with such limited
resources. By releasing this funding and
seeking to gather more, the Ennes Trust
is doing exactly what it is supposed to
do, and that is support the professional
educational efforts of the Society.
Like most endeavors; the critical costs
come up front. Like other undertakings;
there comes a point where resources
can best be utilized. In the opinion of the
Ennes Trustees, that time is now. Keep
in mind that the Ennes Trust is separate
from the SBE; though its purpose is to
support the SBE’s educational efforts.
The trustees do not set policy or exert
any other control other than to husband
the Trust funds, allocate them in the
most effective manner we can, and do
so with proper checks and balances.
So, this is unusual too, in that with this
action, we are sending a note of support
and encouragement to the SBE Board to
continue to apply the Society’s resources
to this effort. We presume also to send a
message to the profession in general, that
we believe that now is the time to step
up to the education initiative and follow
the SBE board and education committee’s
lead and take it to the next level. We
believe that for the profession and the
future of broadcast engineering, there is
nothing more important than taking this
course.
We, the Ennes Trustees, are grateful
for and much impressed with what the
Education Committee, chapters and the
SBE Board has accomplished with little,
and look forward to supporting the cause
in the near future.
The Ennes Trustees:
David Carr, CPBE, 8-VSB
Doug Garlinger, CPBE, 8-VSB, CBNT
Fred Baumgartner, CPBE, CBNT
OCTOBER 2008 5

Wireless Microphones at
944-952 MHz; SBE’s View
BY Chris Imlay, CBT
SBE General Counsel
he inevitable fallout of the
reallocation of television
channels 52-69 (698-806 MHz,
cimlay@sbe.org
commonly known as the “700 MHz
band”) for public safety and commercial broadband use has been
a severe reduction in available spectrum for Part 74, Subpart H
Low Power Auxiliary (LPA) operation. This in turn has spawned a
scramble for spectrum on which licensed wireless microphones
and other LPA facilities can operate. There are presently no good
solutions to this problem, and the FCC has not, to date, proposed
to allocate any replacement spectrum for LPA operation. There are,
however, some really bad solutions being pursued and implemented
by certain equipment retailers and leasing companies.
Indeed, the FCC has, as the result of requests from public safety
organizations and others, recently awakened to the fact that there
are many hundreds of illegally operated wireless microphones
in regular use. The problem is akin to the unlicensed CB radio
problem in the 1970s: the FCC has absolutely no ability to enforce the
Communications Act or its own rules, which require licenses for Part
74 wireless microphones, because the magnitude of the unlicensed,
unlawful operation far outstrips the enforcement resources of the
Commission. This fact, which broadcast engineers have known
about for many years (because their legal, licensed and coordinated
LPA operations have been disrupted by illegal, unlicensed wireless
microphones operating unpredictably) has been brought to the
Commission’s attention by public safety entities and others. Now,
at the eleventh hour before the DTV transition date, the FCC has
finally proposed in WT Dockets 08-166 and 08-167 to prohibit,
after the end of the DTV transition, the operation of any LP Auxiliary
facilities in the 700 MHz band, and as well the manufacture, sale,
importation, or marketing of LP Auxiliary devices that operate at
700 MHz. In an order accompanying the NPRM in that proceeding,
the FCC already imposed a freeze on all new 700 MHz LP Auxiliary
applications. It is a simple matter to see that the compression of all
LP Auxiliary facilities, and especially wireless microphones (“WMs”)
into the television broadcast channels below 698 MHz is extremely
likely, if not inevitable, after February 17, 2009. This, coupled with:
(1) the Commission’s relentless effort to permit so-called “white
spaces” devices in those same remaining television channels; (2) the
migration of Class A and LPTV facilities into those same channels; (3)
the failure of the FCC to provide or even propose any replacement
spectrum for licensed LPAs at all; and (4) the exceptionally large
volume of unlicensed (and unlawful) operation of Part 74 WMs,
makes the situation far more challenging than even the most
dedicated SBE frequency coordinator could handle without spectrum
conflicts.
The response of some vendors of LP Auxiliary WMs to this
challenge has not been at all encouraging. Manufacturers are
producing and selling WMs that operate in the 944-952 MHz Aural
Broadcast Auxiliary Services (BAS) band. This, they are perfectly
entitled to do. Section 74.802 of the Commission’s rules permits
broadcast licensees and broadcast networks to operate LPA devices
including WMs in the 950 MHz Aural BAS band. However, it is only
broadcast licensees and broadcast network entities that can use
this band, cable television operators, motion picture producers and
television program producers are not eligible to use any BAS band for
LPA operation except unoccupied television channels.
The problem, though, is that retailers and dealers of equipment
of even the most scrupulous manufacturers have actively marketed
these products to ineligible entities, and their marketing has been
accompanied by serious misrepresentations and lack of candor
regarding the obligations of users of the devices. Of course, there
is no point of sale control of radio transmitters. The FCC has never
imposed such. That is precisely why a lot of church choirs, theaters,
hotel conference rooms, schools, and just about anywhere there
are performing arts, have all acquired LPA WMs (most perfectly
innocently, unaware of any regulatory and licensing obligations
imposed by the FCC). Neither are there clear marketing restrictions
in the equipment authorization rules of the Commission that apply to
retailers or leasing companies.
Recently, a company called Location Sound Corp., in their
publication called The Production Sound Report for Summer/Fall
2008 carried an article called “Important RF Spectrum News.” The
first two paragraphs of this article read as follows:
Lectrosonics and other professional quality wireless
microphone manufacturers such as Shure and Sennheiser are
now delivering new RF products designed to operate in the 944
MHz broadcast range. This little known area of UHF spectrum is,
for the most part, wide-open and available for production use.
Most UHF wireless microphones in the United States are
manufactured in the Part 74 broadcast bands, from 470 MHz
-806 MHz. Part 74 is the FCC regulation section that assigns this
spectrum for broadcast and motion picture production. There
is, however, a lesser known chunk of Part 74 between 944 MHz
and 952 MHz – an 8 MHz band also known as the STL (Studioto-Transmitter
Link) (sic). Little used and unaffected by the DTV
changes, this band is allowed for production use under the same
regulations as the regular UHF wireless microphones.
The article goes on to describe the 944-952 MHz band as “largely
unused” and “less crowded than the UHF TV band.” The 950 MHz
Aural BAS band is, effectively, being portrayed as an available band
for anyone to operate displaced wireless microphones that will
have to vacate 700 MHz. In fact, the article recited an instance of an
installation by Location Sound Corporation of 944 MHz Sennheiser
transmitters at a show at Universal Studios.
SBE, as readers of this column well know, advocates the interests
of licensed users of BAS spectrum and provides volunteer BAS
spectrum frequency coordination. The active marketing, sale, or
6 the SIGNAL

leasing to ineligible or unlicensed persons, or the operation by
those persons of LPA WMs is in SBE’s view a huge step in the wrong
direction.
Why is this? A recent check by SBE showed that the ULS database
at FCC shows 101 Part 74 LPA stations licensed to operate in the
944-952 MHz band, or parts of it. This is surprising. With that many
WMs authorized to operate in the 950 MHz Aural BAS band, one may
expect some instances of reported interference to radio station STLs
and ICRs. SBE is, however, unaware of such complaints. Aural STLs
and ICRs are engineered paths with presumably high fade margins,
and they use directional receive antennas. Wouldn’t they withstand
some very low power WM operation, at a substantial elevation
differential to the STL path?
The problem is that WMs are mobile, itinerant and utilize variable
polarization. The STLs and ICRs may not have a high probability of
interference from LPA WM operation, but the interference would
be completely unpredictable, and the need for high reliability in
STL and ICR operation precludes any uncoordinated operation of
LPAs at 944-952 MHz. The FCC rules contain nothing that makes
licensed WM operation secondary to fixed links at 944-952 MHz,
and the proliferation of LPA devices in that band, whether licensed
and coordinated or unlicensed and uncoordinated, creates an
unacceptable interference threat.
Given the need to protect radio stations against unpredictable
interference from LPA devices, SBE has developed a policy statement,
of which we hope the FCC will take notice. It is based on the
following, rather obvious premises.
First, it must be understood that wireless microphones with
powers of 100 to 250 mW (20 to 24 dBm) have far too much power
to qualify as unlicensed, Part 15 devices, and those higher power LPA
WMs are not certified for Part 15 operation anyway. They require an
FCC license to be operated legally. While there are Part 15 WMs being
marketed as well, those are not what are typically found in churches,
theaters, etc. Instead, the higher-powered, Part 74-certified WMs are
what are typically in use.
Second, to obtain a Part 74, Subpart H Low Power Auxiliary
(LPA) license for a wireless microphone, one must first be eligible
for licensing in that service. Eligibles include licensees of broadcast
stations, broadcast network entities, cable television operators,
motion picture producers or television program producers. Entities
not meeting these eligibility criteria will not be able to obtain an FCC
LPA license. Furthermore, and more importantly for this discussion,
cable television operators, motion picture producers, and television
program producers cannot use the 26 MHz, 162 MHz, 450/455 MHz,
and 950 MHz Aural BAS bands. These non-broadcast entities must
use only television broadcast channels for LPA WM operation.
Third, eligible entities must coordinate their use of LPA (and all
BAS) frequencies. Existing links already using these frequencies must
be protected against any WM operation. Contrary to allegations by
some retailers and lessors of wireless microphones, the 944-952
MHz band is most certainly not lightly used. There are currently
11,009 licensed 950 MHz band Aural studio-to-transmitter link (STL)
stations and Aural inter-city relay (ICR) in the FCC’s ULS database. As
an example of the loading of these channels, within 50 miles of Los
Angeles there are eighty-two 950 MHz Aural BAS stations. Within that
same radius in New York City, there are 86 such stations; in Chicago,
61 stations; in Atlanta 54 stations; in San Francisco 90 stations; and in
Seattle, 59 stations.
SBE-affiliated frequency coordinators will continue to work with
all eligible entities that wish to obtain LPA licenses, or to operate
licensed stations, in the 950 MHz Aural BAS band where possible
without disruption of aural STLs and ICRs. However, SBE notes the
recently issued FCC WT Docket 08-166/167 Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking addressing the problem of unlicensed users of Part 74-
certified wireless microphones, and will provide assistance and serve
as a resource to the FCC Enforcement Bureau in locating entities who
illegally operate Part 74 wireless microphones without benefit of the
required FCC license, especially where interference is caused.
SBE will also continue to seek and advocate the allocation
of replacement BAS spectrum for LPAs, and to avoid any further
disruption in or reduction of the remaining available BAS LPA
spectrum. The essence of these principles is set forth below as the
SBE’s policy on 944-952 MHz wireless microphone operation.
1. Wireless microphones with powers of 100 to 250 mW (20 to 24
dBm) have field strengths far too high to operate as unlicensed, Part
15 devices; these are certified by FCC for use under Part 74, not Part
15. They must be operated only by a Part 74 licensee.
2. Those eligible for Part 74, Subpart H Low Power Auxiliary
(LPA) licenses for wireless microphones are broadcast station
licensees, broadcast network entities, cable television operators,
motion picture producers or television program producers. The
latter three groups can operate only on TV channel frequencies,
however. The 26 MHz, 162 MHz, 450/455 MHz, and 944-952 MHz
Aural BAS band frequencies can be licensed to and legally used only
by broadcast licensees and networks. The rest must use unoccupied
television broadcast channels exclusively for LPA operation.
3. All LPA licensees must coordinate their use of these frequencies
in advance with local SBE coordinators. Coordinators will not
coordinate LPA devices for eligible, licensed users on 944-952 MHz
channels where there are existing fixed Studio-to-Transmitter (STL)
or Inter-City Relay (ICR) links already using these frequencies in
close geographic proximity, if interference will predictably result.
4. Contrary to false and misleading allegations by some vendors
of wireless microphones, the 944-952 MHz Aural BAS band is heavily
occupied in most areas of the United States. The band offers very
little capacity for the operation of wireless microphones by eligible
LPA licensees, and there are normally no options for unlicensed or
ineligible licensees to use this spectrum at all.
5. SBE will actively monitor this situation and will continue to
pursue equivalent replacement spectrum for that lost in the 698-806
MHz band due to relocation, in bands other than 944-952 MHz, to
facilitate licensed LPA operation.
(Note: Thanks to SBE Board Member Dane Ericksen for his helpful
contributions to this artcle. Any errors herein are exclusively my own,
however. Chris Imlay)
OCTOBER 2008 7

The art of composing SBE Certification Exams
BY Terrence M. Baun, CPBE, AMD, CBNT
Administrator, Engineering and Operations, Wisconsin Educational Communications Board
The illiterate of the 21st century will
not be those who cannot read and
write, but those who cannot learn,
unlearn, and relearn.
~Alvin Toffler
clear and unambiguous question—and
even more difficult to compose and
structure the possible responses in such
a way as to present only one challenging,
but absolutely correct, answer. And
choice
questions is
not easy. It
demands not
only careful
hile the SBE Program of frequently we find it far more difficult to selection of
Certification itself does compose the incorrect answers that the topic and
Terrence M. Baun
not directly teach, it does
have the companion educational task
of assessing the level of vocational
accomplishment through creation and
administration of testing. As part of that
effort, SBE has the implicit duty to adjust
the scope and content of its examinations
to reflect current broadcast technology.
If Certification examinations fail to reflect
industry principles and practices it not
only dilutes the value of certification for
all who participate, but also threatens the
credibility of the Certification effort as a
whole.
It is not surprising then, that one
of the most important duties of the
Certification Committee requires regular
examination of the relevance of every
certification question, ascertaining
whether some need to be rewritten
to improve their clarity, and creating
new ones as our industry evolves. If
you’ve ever been curious about just how
questions get into the Certification exams,
you may find the following points of
interest.
1. Every question on every
Certification Exam is authored by a
member of the Certification Committee
and reviewed by that Committee before
it is incorporated into the question
pool, so each question is based upon
the personal industry experience of one
or more of our Committee Members.
This committee authorship is one if
the primary ways we insure that the
questions are relevant to broadcast
technology. But selecting the subject of a
question is only the first step!
It is surprisingly difficult to frame a
8
correct ones! Educators have written
many books on the art of constructing
fair but effective multiple choice exams,
and here are some of the rules we try to
follow:
• We frame the question (what
educators call “Writing the Stem”) so
as to clearly pose a problem or state
a question. The test-taker should be
able to understand the question without
reading it several times and without
having to read any of the possible
answers;
• We write the correct answer
(“Writing the Response”) in such a way
as to be unquestionably the only correct
answer;
• We base the other possible answer
choices (“Composing the Distractors”)
on logical fallacies or common errors
related to the stem question, so as
to further challenge the test-takers
understanding of the stem question;
• We minimize use of “all of the
above” or “both A&B” as distractors,
since they make it possible to guess
the correct answer with only partial
knowledge;
• We use “none of the above”
infrequently, as it is only appropriate
for situations in which there are only
absolutely correct answers, such as
mathematics problems;
• We examine the entire selection of
questions in each Certification Exam to
prevent inadvertently providing answers
to previous or subsequent questions
through question wording or choice of
distractors.
Writing effective and fair multiple
achievement level, but also development
of a clearly defined answer accompanied
by plausible distractors.
2. Every question in the test pool is
periodically reviewed by the Certification
Committee members. We ask:
• Is this question still relevant to the
industry? A majority “No” response from
the panel will remove such questions
from the question pool immediately;
• Is this question framed accurately
and is the correct answer the
unambiguous correct choice? Often
someone on the Committee will bring a
fresh viewpoint to the question, resulting
in revision of one or more of the
“distractors” or changes in the language
used for the correct answer;
• What is the level of technical
competency reflected by this question?
Is a question suitable for more than one
Certification level? Should its level be
adjusted upward or downward because
of changes in the industry? Can this
question be used for more than one
Certification area?
3. When a question is missed
consistently by a significant number of
test-takers, or is the subject of specific
comment by an individual test-taker, that
question is brought to the Committee to
consider the following:
• Is the question clear and
unambiguous? Are the distractors
appropriate?
• Is there a cultural bias or false
assumption in the question that has gone
undetected?
See CERT on page 20
the SIGNAL

New SBE Certification Achievements
LIFE CERTIFICATION
Certified Professional Broadcast Engineers ® and
Certified Senior Broadcast Engineers ® who have
maintained SBE certification continuously for
20 years and are current members of SBE may
be granted Life Certification if so requested. All
certified who have retired from regular full-time
employment may be granted Life Certification if
they so request. If the request is approved, the
person will continue in his/her current level of
certification for life.
CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL BROADCAST
ENGINEER ® (CPBE ® )
Michael Fast, Lutherville, MD – Chapter 46
John Harvey, Houston, TX – Chapter 105
CERTIFIED BROADCAST TELEVISION
ENGINEER ® (CBTE ® )
Annette Epinger, North Charleston, SC –
Chapter 107
Alphonse Tobia, Groveland, CA – Chapter 40
Timothy Toole, San Diego, CA – Chapter 36
CERTIFIED BROADCAST TECHNOLOGIST ®
(CBT ® )
Robert Sassaman, Canal Fulton, OH –
Chapter 70
NEWLY CERTIFIED CPBE ®
Applicant must have had 20 years of
professional broadcast engineering or related
technologies experience in radio and/or
television. The candidate must be currently
certified on the Certified Senior Broadcast
Engineer® level.
CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL BROADCAST
ENGINEER ® (CPBE ® )
Craig Beardsley, Chicago, IL – Chapter 26
George Maier, Sudbury, MA – Chapter 11
Randall Mullinax, Gainesville, GA – Chapter 5
JUNE EXAMS
“Thank You” CHAPTER CERTIFICATION CHAIRS
FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE
CERTIFIED SENIOR TELEVISION
ENGINEER (CSTE ® )
Michael Herring, Cocoa, FL – Chapter 42
CERTIFIED SENIOR RADIO ENGINEER ®
(CSRE ® )
Mark Hill, Bloomington, IL – Chapter 49
Thomas Ringer, Herndon, VA – Chapter 37
Curt Yengst, Allentown, PA – Chapter 120
Certified BROADCAST TELEVISION
ENGINEER (CBTE ® )
Steven McGonagle, Watertown, MA – Chapter 11
Certified 8-VSB SPECIALIST ® (8-VSB ® )
Fred Willard, Arnold, MD – Chapter 37
DIGITAL RADIO BROADCAST SPECIALIST
(DRB)
Raymond Klotz, Bella Vista, AR – Chapter 56
John Mulhern, Liberal, KS
John Ross, Brownsville, TX – Chapter 136
OCTOBER 2008
Certified BROADCAST NETWORKING
TECHNOLOGIST ® (CBNT ® )
Alex Bershadsky, Toronto, Ontario Canada
Daniel Brown, Natick, MA – Chapter 11
Mark Samuel, San Francisco, CA – Chapter 40
Certified BROADCAST TECHNOLOGIST ®
(CBT ® )
C. Austin Wright, Chatham, Ontario Canada
AUGUST EXAMS
“Thank You” CHAPTER CERTIFICATION CHAIRS
FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE
Certified BROADCAST RADIO
ENGINEER ® (CBRE ® )
Chris Wygal, Lynchburg, VA – Chapter 78
Larry Oberg, Sain Paul, MN – Chapter 17
Certified Broadcast TELEVISION
ENGINEER ® (CBTE ® )
Michael Proffitt, Sacramento, CA – Chapter 43
George Teplansky, Chapel Hill, NC –
Chapter 11
Certified AUDIO ENGINEER ® (CEA)
William Taylor, High Springs, FL – Chapter 7
Certified VIDEO ENGINEER ® (CEV ® )
William Taylor, High Springs, FL – Chapter 7
Certified Broadcast NETWORKING
TECHNOLOGIST ® (CBNT ® )
Patrick Bradshaw, Raleigh, NC – Chapter 93
Ken Brown, Edgewood, NM – Chapter 34
Steven Campbell, Albuquerque, NM –
Chapter 34
Richard Demyanovich, Wyandotte, MI –
Chapter 82
Robert Henry, Albuquerque, NM – Chapter 34
Michael Mazzo, Richmond, VA – Chapter 93
James Miller, II, Columbus, OH – Chapter 52
Roberto Rochet, Glen Allen, VA – Chapter 93
Henry Sisler, III, New Orleans, LA – Chapter 72
George Teplansky, Chapel Hill, NC – Chapter 11
John Tiesi, Albuquerque, NM – Chapter 34
David Walczybock, Clinton Township, MI –
Chapter 82
Certified Broadcast Technologist ®
(CBT ® )
Kathryn Crum, Wilmington, OH – Chapter 33
Michael Seaver, Quincy, IL – Chapter 49
Certified RADIO OPERATOR ® (CRO ® )
James Abron, Jr., Livonia, MI – Chapter 82
George Becht, Sarasota, FL – Chapter 39
Nathan Miller, Albuquerque, NM – Chapter 34
James Scardino, Hollister, CA – Chapter 40
CERTIFIED BY LICENSE
CERTIFIED BROADCAST Technologist ®
(CBT ® )
David Andrews, Liberty Hills, TX – Chapter 79
Steven Herman, Washington, DC
Stephen Jensen, Oregon City, OR – Chapter 124
Carl O’Day, Redlands, CA – Chapter 131
Michael Orto, Youngstown, OH – Chapter 122
Carlos Perdomo, Fayetteville, TX – Chapter 93
Melvin Rydman, Tualatin, OR – Chapter 124
Esteban Sanchez, APO, AE – Chapter 132
Samuel Smith, Trevor, WI – Chapter 28
Russell Vander Horst, Goffstown, NH – Chapter
110
Richard Van Hoose, Eureka, CA
CERTIFIED RADIO
OPERATOR (CRO)
Certified RADIO Operator ® (CRO ® )
Ali Abdul-Sater, Chino Hills, CA
Tasian Taylor, Van Nuys, CA
CERTIFIED TELEVISION
OPERATOR ® (CTO ® )
Certified TELEVISION Operator ®
(CTO ® )
Matthew Anderson, Cleveland, TN
James Carnes, Las Vegas, NV
Joseph Hale, Chattanooga, TN
Tom Muchmore, Memphis, TN
Carl O’Day, Redlands, CA
Donovan Rothschild, Ann Arbor, MI
Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Foster City, CA
RECERTIFICATION
The following applicants completed the
recertification process either by re-examination,
point verification through the local chapters and
national Certification Committee approval and/
or met the service requirement.
CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL BROADCAST
ENGINEER ® (CPBE ® )
Steve Epstein, Columbia, MO – Chapter 59
William Hubbard, Green Bay, WI – Chapter 80
Steve Mankowski, Palmdale, CA – Chapter 47
Paul Miller, Stafford, VA – Chapter 37
Thomas Nielsen, Milwaukee, WI – Chapter 28
Timothy Schultz, Westchester, CA – Chapter 47
Robert Springer, Saipan, MP – Chapter 126
CERTIFIED SENIOR RADIO ENGINEER
(CSRE ® )
David Creel, Saipan, MP - Chapter 126
Robert Kelley, Agana, GU – Chapter 126
Troy Langham, Tulsa, OK – Chapter 56
Timothy Neese, Swannanoa, NC – Chapter 86
John Price, Kirkland, WA – Chapter 16
Allen Sherrill, Raleigh, NC – Chapter 93
Joseph Soucise, Plaistow, NH – Chapter 11
James Turaville, Colorado Springs, CO –
Chapter 48
CERTIFIED SENIOR TELEVISION
ENGINEER (CSTE ® )
James Cutright, Fredericksburg, VA – Chapter 37
Emir Hadziahmetovic, Columbia, SC –
Chapter 101
Bob Hinkle, Louisville, KY – Chapter 35
Danny Huffman, Olympia, WA – Chapter 16
James Sams, Pulaski, WI – Chapter 80
Richard Van Genderen, Meridian, ID –
Chapter 115
CERTIFIED BROADCAST RADIO ENGINEER
(CBRE ® )
Tom Gardull, Toledo, OH – Chapter 104
Ralph Jones, Yucaipa, CA – Chapter 131
Russel Kendrick, West Monroe, LA – Chapter 44
David Moberg, Hudson, WI – Chapter 17
John Schneider, Quincy, IL – Chapter 49
CERTIFIED BROADCAST TELEVISION
ENGINEER (CBTE ® )
Gary Baylor, Metairie, LA – Chapter 72
David Boyer, Menifree, CA – Chapter 131
Theran Davis, Ellenwood, GA – Chapter 5
Timothy Derstine, Jacksonville, FL – Chapter 7
Darryl Douglas, Vail, AZ – Chapter 32
Michael Hayes, Tallahassee, FL
Michael Kulis, Cross Plains, WI – Chapter 24
Donald Nahumck, Whitesboro, NY – Chapter 22
Gary Seleski, Livonia, MI – Chapter 82
Michael Shovan, Newbergh, NY – Chapter 58
André Smith, Thornton, CO – Chapter 48
John Tway, Chapter 131
CERTIFIED AUDIO ENGINEER ® (CEA ® )
Richard Rarey, Kensington, MD – Chapter 37
CERTIFIED VIDEO ENGINEER ® (CEV ® )
Matt Kinnan, Lenexa, KS – Chapter 59
David McIntyre, Kingston, WA – Chapter 16
John Vavroch, Beavercreek, OH – Chapter 33
CERTIFIED BROADCAST NETWORKING
TECHNOLOGIST ® (CBNT ® )
Tom Dailey, Denver, CO – Chapter 48
Theran Davis, Ellenwood, GA – Chapter 5
Dan Entingh, Denver, CO – Chapter 48
Matt Kinnan, Lenexa, KS – Chapter 59
Steve Mankowski, Palmdale, CA – Chapter 47
James Sams, Pulaski, WI – Chapter 80
Gary Seleski, Livonia, MI – Chapter 82
Nandini Sen, Chapel Hill, NC – Chapter 93
Chris Verdi, New Condon, NH – Chapter 110
CERTIFIED BROADCAST TECHNOLOGIST ®
(CBT ® )
Victor Alcala, San Antonio, TX – Chapter 69
Matthew Baptista, Concord, CA – Chapter 37
Ronnie Barnes, APO, AE – Chapter 132
Joseph Bartnik, Lawton, OK – Chapter 67
Timothy Byrne, Delphos, OH – Chapter 104
Chris Courtney, Urbana, IL – Chapter 49
William Elliott, Williston, FL – Chapter 42
Edgar Hatchel, Amarillo, TX
Mary Beth Leidman, Indiana, PA – Chapter 46
Paul Lohman, Florissant, MO – Chapter 55
Peter McElvein, Syracause, NY – Chapter 22
Mark MacKinnon, Hudson, ME – Chapter 110
Donald Peters, Pullman, WA – Chapter 117
Richard Rarey, Kensington, MD – Chapter 37
Calvin Schantz, Deland, FL – Chapter 22
Michael Strobel, Flanders, NJ – Chapter 15
CERTIFIED TELEVISION OPERATOR ®
(CTO ® )
Christina Barranco, Huntington Beach, CA –
Chapter 47
Daniel Berdeguer, Miami, FL
Thomas Bland, Jr., Raleigh, NC
Randy Borgwardt, El Cajon, CA
James Brestin, Virginia Beach, VA
Andy Christensen, Raleigh, NC
Andrea Cummis, Bensalem, PA – Chapter 15 –
August Signal Correction
Rosa Maria Faraco, Miami, FL
Dianne Mulherin, El Cajon, CA
Patricio Palacios, Miami, FL
Carlton Reis, La Mesa, CA
Javier Silva, N. Miami, FL
Gary Tann, Raleigh, NC
Steven Tanner, Raleigh, NC
Richard Weronko, Grand Rapids, MI
9

DTV Transport Stream Verification
BY Jerry Whitaker
VP Standards Development, ATSC
he Advanced Television Systems
Committee (ATSC) has published
a Recommended Practice (RP) on
digital television (DTV) transport stream
verification. An ATSC RP is a document
that states specifications or criteria within
advanced television systems that are not
strictly necessary for effective implementation
and interoperability, but that are
thought to be advisable and may improve
the efficiency of implementation or reduce
the probability of implementation errors.
An ATSC Recommended Practice may also
specify a preferred methodology for implementation
and operation, and may recommend
a choice from among alternatives.
Document A/78, “ATSC Recommended
Practice: Transport Stream Verification,”
outlines a common methodology for
describing transport stream conformance
criteria for digital television. This document
explicitly describes the elements and parameters
of ATSC Standards A/53 and A/65
that should be verified in a transport stream
for it to be considered a proper emission.
This document does not cover RF, captioning,
or elementary streams.
the Program Map Table (PMT).
l PSIP errors. The Program and
System Information Protocol (PSIP) is the
glue that holds the DTV signal together.
Although PSIP is a voluntary standard
of the ATSC (document A/65), it is—in
fact—a requirement in terms of actual
real-world operation. The purpose of PSIP
is to describe the information at the system
and event levels, and to enable an abstract
of the collection of programs (a virtual
channel).
l Timing Model and Buffering
errors. Timing is the key to the MPEG-2
encoding and decoding processes. MPEG-2
defines a model for the system timing,
adherence to which allows independent
design of encoders and decoders that can
interoperate. An MPEG-2 decoder’s 27 MHz
reference clock needs to be synchronized
with the equipment that is creating the
encoded stream.
l Consistency errors. Before a
receiver can decode a transport stream,
it must identify the relationship between
components in the stream. Some components
contain audio and video (elementary
streams), and other components contain
information describing the relationship
between them (metadata). The receiver
uses metadata to identify each component,
determine its function and select an
appropriate set of components when the
user selects a virtual channel for decoding.
Conflicts and problems within the structure
of metadata are called ‘consistency errors.’
Consistency errors can result in broken
decoding, missing system components
(such as closed captioning), and/or missing
program guide information.
l General errors. These errors cover
a variety of types of problems, typically
transport-related.
Each error type is provided with a defined
“error severity”, as detailed below:
l Transport Stream Off-Air: The
station is effectively off-air as the transport
stream errors are severe enough
damaged beyond utility. Receivers will not
be able to tune and decode anything within
the broadcast. The complete or repeated
absence of sync bytes would be an example
of this level of error.
l Program Off-Air: A main service
(virtual channel) is flawed to the point that
that service is effectively off-air for conformant/reasonable
receiver designs. This
could involve all of the program elements
being improperly constructed or incorrect/missing
signaling about elements. The
absence of an entry in the Virtual Channel
Table (VCT) for a service would be an
example of this type of error.
l Component Missing: One or the
program components that is signaled by
PSIP or the Program Map Table (PMT) as
present is either not present or cannot be
found and decoded. One example would
be a mismatch between the video Program
ID (PID) signaled in the Service Location
Descriptor (SLD) and the actual PID used
for the video elementary stream.
l Quality of Service: Parameters are
out of specification by such a margin that
a significant fraction of the receivers can
be expected to produce flawed outputs. In
many cases, the broadcast is viewable, but
may exhibit some form of degradation to
the viewer. An example might be the Master
Guide Table (MGT) cycle time being somewhat
larger than the specification, which
would cause slower than normal channelchange
tuning.
l Technically Non-Conformant:
Violates the letter of the standard, but in
practice will have little effect on the viewing
experience. Errors of this type should be
corrected, but do not have the urgency of
higher severity errors. An example might
be a single instance of a 152 ms MGT cycle
time (with the remainder of the MGTs coming
at less than 150 ms intervals).
The distinctions between these error classifications
are important and drove work
on the RP. After some study it became
clear that a layered approach that indi-
About the Document
While ATSC Standards strictly define the
contents and characteristics of the DTV
emission transport stream, there may be a
number of interactions and interrelationships
amongst various components. Successful
tuning and display of programs can
be ensured if the transport stream adheres
to the applicable specifications.
This Recommended Practice identifies
transport stream issues by type, dividing errors
into the general following categories:
l PSI errors. An ATSC conformant
transport stream is also required to be
MPEG-2 conformant. Therefore, an ATSC
transport stream must include the two
mandatory Program Specific Information
(PSI) tables. These two tables are known as
the Program Association Table (PAT) and
10
that transport level logical constructs are cated the severity of the error would be
the SIGNAL
?

eneficial within the confines of real-world
television station operation. For example,
if the threshold for an error was set at
strict adherence to the applicable rules—
regardless of the ultimate impact at the
consumer’s receiver—could lead to such
a high false alarm rate that the monitoring
equipment would, after a time, tend to be
ignored.
Work on the Recommended Practice
on Transport Stream Verification was led
by Richard Chernock of Triveni Digital. Dr.
Chernock is a frequent presenter at SBE
Ennes conferences around the country.
Document A/78, and all other ATSC Standards
and Recommended Practices, can
be downloaded at no charge from the ATSC
Web site (http://www.atsc.org).
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MRC_SBE-LKDV-55x85-9.indd 1
11
9/19/08 12:46:52 PM

ELECTION from page 1
Upon his election, Thomas said, “I’m
looking forward to a second term and
the opportunity to continue the work we
began a year ago. Our goal is to continue
to concentrate our efforts on the core
purposes of SBE, strengthen SBE chapters
and facilitate our members’ involvement in
creating the next innovations in broadcasting.”
Re-elected as the Society’s vice president
was Vincent Lopez, CEV, CBNT, of Syracuse,
N.Y. Lopez is Director of Engineering
for WSYT/WNYS TV/Sinclair Broadcast
Group in Syracuse. He is a past chairman
of Chapter 22 of Central New York and has
been a member of the national SBE Board
of Directors since 2000. He was elected an
SBE Fellow in 2004.
Ted Hand, CPBE, 8-VSB, AMD, of Charlotte,
N. Car. was re-elected to the position
of SBE secretary. Hand is Chief Engineer of
WSOC-TV and WAXN-TV in Charlotte, N.C.
He is a Senior member of SBE, joining in
1982, and has served as a member of the
Board of Directors for five years.
Elected treasurer was Ralph Hogan,
CPBE, DRB, CBNT of Tempe, Ariz. Hogan
is Director of Engineering for KJZZ-FM/
KBAQ-FM in Tempe. He’s been a member
of SBE since 1990, is a Senior member
and has served seven years on the SBE
Board.
Six members were elected to two-year
terms on the Board of Directors including
four members who will be serving for the
first time. They include:
• Ralph Beaver, CBT, President and
CEO, Media Alert, Inc., Tampa, Fla.
• James T. Bernier, Jr., CPBE, CBNT, Director,
Maintenance, Design and Engineer-
ing, Turner Entertainment
Networks,
TBS, Inc., Atlanta,
Ga.
• Gary Liebisch
CPBE, Regional Sales
Manager, Nautel,
Milford, Ohio *
• Scott Mason
CPBE, Regional Director
of Engineering,
CBS Radio, Los
Angeles, Calif. *
Elected to two-year terms to the Board:
• Mark Simpson CPBE, AMD, CBNT, Director
of Engineering/MIS, Citadel Broadcasting
– Tucson, Marana, Ariz. *
• Jeffrey Smith CEA CBNT, Supervisor
Broadcast Systems, Clear Channel
Radio – NYC, New York, N.Y. *
* - First time member of the Board
Completing the 2008-2009 Board of
Directors will be six directors who were
elected in 2007 and who will be continuing
their two-year terms:
• Cris Alexander, CPBE AMD, Director
of Engineering, Crawford Broadcasting
Company, Denver, Colo.
• Andrea B. Cummis, CBT, CTO, Chief
Operating Officer, Total RF Productions,
Bensalem, Pa.
• Dane E. Ericksen, P.E., CSRTE, 8-VSB
CBNT, Senior Engineer, Hammett & Edison,
Inc., San Francisco, Calif.
• Clay Freinwald, CPBE, Entercom,
Seattle, Wash.
• Hal H. Hostetler, CPBE, Senior
Engineer/I.T. Director, KVOA Television,
Tucson, Ariz.
• Jerry Massey, CPBE, 8-VSB, AMD,
CBNT, Corporate Regional Engineer and
Director of Engineering, Entercom Communications,
Greenville, S.C.
John C. Breckenridge Jr.
President
P.O. Box 1740
Sultan WA 98294-1740
www.seacomm.com
Phone: (360) 793-6564
Fax: (360) 793-4402
seacomm@premier1.net
Rounding out the Board will be Immediate
Past President, Chriss Scherer, CPBE,
CBNT of Overland Park, Kan.
Four members of the Board have completed
their terms of service and we extend
our deep appreciation for their dedication
and contributions to the SBE. They are:
• Keith M. Kintner, CPBE CBNT, Radio-
TV-Film Engineer, University of Wisconsin
Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wis.
• Thomas R. Ray, III, CPBE, Vice President,
Corporate Director of Engineering,
Buckley Broadcasting/WOR Radio, New
York, N.Y.
• Christopher D. Tarr, CBRE CBT CBNT,
Director of Engineering, Entercom Milwaukee/Madison,
Delafield, Wis.
• Larry J. Wilkins, CPBE AMD CBNT,
Prattville, Ala.
The newly elected officers and directors
will be inducted into office during the
Annual SBE Membership Meeting, held
as a part of the SBE National Meeting on
October 15, in Madison, Wis. The National
Meeting is being held in conjunction with
the annual Wisconsin Broadcasters Clinic,
sponsored by the Wisconsin Broadcasters
Association and SBE Chapter 24 of
Madison.
Ralph Beaver, CBT
12
Jim Bernier, CPBE,
CBNT
Gary Liebisch, CPBE Scott Mason, CPBE Mark Simpson, CPBE,
AMD, CBNT
Jeff Smith, CEA, CBNT
the SIGNAL

Election
Night
Members of Chapter 25
in Indianapolis served
as the 2008 Board of
Tellers (back, l-r): Don
G. Hemenover, Larence
Oaks, Steve Longenecker,
David Fort,
Bill Ellison, Tim Frye,
James Bryant, Douglas
Salewsky, Roger Bishop,
(front, l-r) Charlie
Sears, Dale Smiley, Mike
Rabey, Phil Alexander,
Chapter Chair.
PRESIDENT from page 4
In the two circumstances I remembered,
nearby SBE members coordinated efforts
and temporarily covered the regular customers
of the contract engineer at the cost
of, at the most, expenses. I donated my
service to benefit his family as did several
other engineers. We shared the load so
none of us were unduly overworked. As
a result, these engineers did not need to
worry about their business but could concentrate
on recovery. We demonstrated
the type of spirit that is the best part of
being in our profession. Teamwork. In
these cases, the SBE provided a built-in
PROFESSIONAL support system.
Significant PERSONAL and PROFES-
SIONAL support! Available as a benefit of
your active participation in the only group
dedicated to the promotion and support of
your profession! How’s that for value?
Elsewhere in the Signal you will see a
report on some distressing developments
in wireless microphone spectrum. If you
subscribe to the SBE Roundtable (http://
www.sbe.org/Roundtable.php) and some
chapter newsletters you saw a flurry of
activity. I want to recognize our interim
OCTOBER 2008
FCC Liaison Committee Chair and General
Counsel, Chris Imlay for his efforts to
build a very quick, very complete response
to this issue. I also want to highlight how
this effort took place. A couple of interested
persons literally “sent up the warning
flag” by email to the SBE leadership…
in this case part of the SBE Board of
Directors, the FCC Liaison and Frequency
Coordination committees. The reaction
in this case was alarm and a great deal of
discussion, followed by a conference call,
then an action plan on the SBE National
response but, more importantly, a package
of information for you to draft your own
response. This came together extremely
quickly and effectively. I want to thank
all of you who took the
time to participate in
the issue. I also want to
encourage you to “raise
the flag” in broadcast
engineering issues you
consider important.
SBE contact information
is available on the
web site 24-hours a
day. Get in touch with
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us with your concerns and questions.
Speaking of concerns and questions;
Make sure you mark your calendars for
the evening of October 13th, 2008. This
will be our 2nd National Webcast.
Get your questions ready and watch
for SBE-news and check the SBE Web
Site for more information and login
instructions.
Finally; congratulations to all the winners
of the SBE National elections. I’m
looking forward to working with great
leaders in our industry.
See you in Madison!
Mid West
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Services
East Coast
1180 Columbia Ave, Ste 10
Irmo, SC 29063
Ph# 803-407-8489
Jean Lecordier
jlecordier@tower-tci.com
13

Input on education needs requested
our Education Committee has
for the past year been working
on a new online educational
platform by which we can provide topical
educational opportunities to our membership
and the broadcast engineering
community in general. Last spring, we
contracted with a vendor to provide this
platform.
We put together several courses to
kick off the online educational program,
and it was our hope to have these available
sometime during the summer. For
a number of reasons, none of which had
anything to do with the SBE, that didn’t
happen. The contractor has promised
that the first courses will be available this
fall. We will do everything we can to hold
them to that timeline.
Going forward, we are in the process
of developing several more courses for
the online platform. Our biggest challenge
remains finding
people to develop the course materials.
We have had some response over the last
few months, our good members stepping
forward to help out where they can. We
do intend to utilize these folks in the peer
review process, but the burden of developing
new courses remains. We have an
immediate need to develop comprehensive
courses on such timely topics as:
• 8VSB/DTV
• Digital Radio
• Antenna
Modeling
Gordon S. Carter. CPBE, CBNT
Chief Engineer
WFMT - Chicago
La Grange, Ill.
SBE Chapter 26, Joined SBE in 1994
Our online educational
efforts must be
tailored to meet the
needs of broadcast
engineers, so we look
to you to tell us what
other topics we should
seek to develop materials
for. Let us hear from you. What do
you need by way of training? Who do you
recommend to develop or contribute to
the course development? You may send
your suggestions to me at crisa@crawfordbroadcasting.com.
Working together with our membership,
we hope to make the SBE the
source for continuing technical education
for the broadcast engineering community.
a snapshot of an
SBE Member
Getting Started: In high school I became interested in listening to music and wanted a stereo system.
I saved money from a part-time job to buy parts to make a stereo. I copied the electronics from a mono
record player and expanded on it to make a stereo with “big” speakers. I had no idea what I was doing.
If anything went wrong I would have no idea what to do to fix it. A man at our church introduced me to the
equipment and I knew I had to learn how to work on it.
Best Known For: Certification Chairman of Chapter 26 (Chicago). Member of the planning committee for the
Wisconsin Broadcasters’ Clinic. Member of the planning committee for the Public Radio Engineering Conference. Author of
several articles in various radio-related trade publications.
When I’m Not Working I ... Trains, both model and real. I enjoy researching unusual railroad equipment or routes and building models of it.
You May Not Know ... I spent 3 months in Aruba in 1967 helping to erect a stainless steel AM broadcast tower. The previous galvanized tower
rotted out in 8 years due to the salt air, so they had this one custom fabricated. While there, a freak storm hit and the tower (sitting on wood planks in a
tidal mud flat) floated away. We found it, intact, tangled in a mangrove and were able to retrieve it with no damage.
14 the SIGNAL

New Members
Brian C. Gagnon - Fort Worth, TX
William R. Gibson - Barrigada, GU
Ed Holland - Destin, FL
Leonard W. Johnson - Shawnee, OK
Chris W. Larsen - West Hartford, CT
Steven Latino - Fort Bragg, NC
Michael K. Mitchell - Antelope, CA
Mark J. Moss - Glenside, PA
Dean Phannenstiel - Edgewater, CO
Joseph D. Rother - Tucsan, AZ
Thomas B. Silliman - Chandler, IN
Joel Wilhite - Menlo Park, CA
David Chhy - Odenton, MD
Wong Wai Ming Eric - KLN, Hong
Kong
James R. Bryant - Indianapolis, IN
John C. Chrystal - Tahoma, CA
Robert J. Hageny - Oswego, NY
William G. Larrabee - Dover-
Foxcroft, ME
Sarah M. Nagata - Parker, CO
Michael C. Olson - Centerville, UT
Dean M. Rosenthal - West St. Paul,
MN
Robert A. Serret - Dorchester, MA
George A. Stein IV - Bedford, VA
Patrick Bradshaw - Raleigh, NC
Michael A. Mazzo - Richmond, VA
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Cleveland Institute of Electronics
Kathryn A. Neal - Bloomington, IN
Roberto Rochet - Glen Allen, VA
Carl C. Catherine - Springfield, VA
Aaron J. Coseo - Erie, PA
James Ferguson - Tulsa, OK
Kyle T. Fisher - Woodbridge, VA
Justin M. Daviault - Southington, CT
Gail M. Pineda - San Diego, CA
Samuel N. Smith - Trevor, WI
Clarence R. Isaacks II - Centennial,
CO
Michael C. Rinos - Hollywood, CA
Luis O. Lua - Thousand Palms, CA
Nicholas du Plessis - Sparks, NV
Brad A. Bodnar - Stockbridge, GA
Anthony J. Caiola III - Caldwell, ID
Ron Davis - Salem, UT
Eddie Hill - Red Bank, TN
Eric Johnston - Seattle, WA
Kwok-Luen Lam - Kowloon Tong,
Hong Kong
Lloyd Laranang - Federal Way, WA
Nathan H. Miller - Albuquerque, NM
Jon J. Olesnevich - Allison Park, PA
Carlos M. Perdomo - Fayetteville, NC
Roy A. Phillips II - Phoenix, AZ
Esteban Sanchez - APO, AE
Russell S. Vander Horst - Goffstown,
NH
Dana D. Cole -
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Ryan J. Klindtworth
- Spokane, WA
Melvin L. Rydman -
Tualatin, OR
Brian J. Wheatley -
Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
Stanley P. Zuidema -
Wausau, WI
New Students
Cody Richter - Philadelphia, PA
Gregory M. Zenger - Potsdam, NY
Adrian Koziol - Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada
George H. Knaepple - Greenville, WI
New Associates
Brice Rich - Tampa, FL
New Youth
Richard J. Esposito - Cos Cob, CT
Christopher P. Vandenberge II - Lake
Ronkonkoma, NY
Reinstated Members
Jeff B. Twilley - Millsboro, DE
David W. Andrews - Libery Hill, TX
Keith A. Turcot - Peoria, IL
Rick A. Lewis - Boise, ID
Ramon K. Dall - Euless, TX
Mary Beth Leidman - Indiana, PA
Tommy Bowerman - Laurel, MD
Carlton R. Reis - La Mesa, CA
Michael A. Dunlap - Harrisonburg,
VA
Brian A. Schauer - Englewood, CO
Larry G. Oliver - Rio Rancho, NM
Robert P. Bertrand - New Brunswick,
NJ
Rod R. Roberts - Shawnee, OK
Mark E. Quella - Watertown, MA
Timothy J. Williams - Kearney, NE
James S. Stanley - Saint Louis Park,
MN
Reinstated Students
W. Mark McKibben - Chatsworth, CA
15

Chapters Must File Annual
Tax Return with IRS
fficers of SBE chapters typically
keep busy with ordinary duties
like arranging programs
for meetings, getting meeting
announcements out, updating the
chapter’s website and so on. Chapter
officers may now find they have a new
task, now that the IRS has enacted
changes to the tax filing requirements for
non-profit organizations.
For years, many SBE chapters have
existed as unincorporated entities with
no official non-profit status from the
IRS. Most chapters weren’t required to
file a federal tax return because annual
gross revenues didn’t exceed $50,000.
Those chapters that were generating lots
of gross revenue, typically those running
regional conventions with trade shows,
were the only ones that were filing annual
tax returns and which had obtained a
non-profit status from the IRS.
In recent years, the IRS has looked
very closely at the non-profit community
with an eye towards eliminating cases
of abuse of the privileged tax status they
held. As a result, the IRS approved new
guidelines for non-profits and, beginning
with the 2008 tax year, has introduced a
new and more complex Form 990 that
requires far more information about a
non-profit’s operations. At the national
level, SBE (a 501(c)6 non-profit but
NOT charitable organization) will be
filing the new Form 990 next winter but,
unfortunately, that doesn’t cover the more
than 100 SBE chapters which also have
filing responsibilities.
SBE chapters are essentially
independent organizations that have their
own by-laws, elect their own officers
and determine their own programs,
schedules, income and expenses. To
qualify as chapters of the national SBE,
chapters agree to the same societal
mission, to hold meetings, provide
educational opportunities for SBE
members in their area and in general,
conduct their business per the SBE
Chapter Manual. Generally, most SBE
chapters will qualify as non-profit
charitable organizations because their
purpose is educational and they do no
political lobbying.
Swept up in all this change were small
organizations. From Boy Scout Troops to
PTA’s, and yes, SBE chapters, the IRS now
requires all non-profit entities, regardless
of the amount of annual gross revenue,
to file annual federal tax returns. But the
good news for most SBE chapters is that
they will only need to file what’s called
the, “E-Postcard.”
Chapters with annual gross revenue
of less than $25,000 will be able to file
this simple report via e-mail. In fact, the
IRS doesn’t even
make it available
in traditional
paper format nor
can the report be
mailed to the IRS.
The filing requirement likely will
trigger another step for most chapters.
To successfully file the E-postcard, the
chapter must have received a non-profit
designation by the IRS. Without it, the
IRS has no record that the chapter exists
as a non-profit organization and can’t
process your E-postcard. Obtaining an
IRS non-profit designation, especially
the educational/charitable 501(c)3, had
long been a somewhat difficult task with
a rather high qualification bar, but with
the new filing requirements in place, it
now appears to be much more readily
available – at least for small non-profits
like our chapters.
SBE Chapter 47 of Los Angeles
Follow These Steps to File Your Chapter’s E-post
Card and Obtain an IRS Non-profit Designation
1) Call the IRS [877-829-5500] and ask to apply for a Non-Profit EIN [Employer Identification
Number]. All chapters should already have these as they are required to open a bank account.
2) Once the EIN is established, call the IRS and ask to do a telephone application for 501(c)3
status. As long as the chapter’s annual gross revenue (all revenue generated by the chapter before
deducting expenses) is under $25,000, the phone application is acceptable.
3) 90 days after the application for 501(c)3 status has been submitted, log on to http://epostcard.
form990.org and register the chapter EIN. If the IRS granted 501(c)3 status to the chapter, the
registration process will be allowed and an ID with password will be issued.
4) Once the ID & Password are confirmed by return email (by epostcard.form990.org) again log
on to http://epostcard.form990.org to electronically file Form 990 for the past reporting year.
For subsequent years, all the chapter treasurer (or other responsible, reporting officer] need do
is log on to http://epostcard.form990.org after January 1 with the ID & Password, confirm the
chapter’s annual gross receipts of under $25,000 and click on, “‘Submit.”
16 the SIGNAL

ecently went through the process
of obtaining a non-profit, charitable
501(c)3 designation and filing the
E-postcard. Chapter 47 Treasurer, Urban
Stiess, CBT, CBNT, CTO, did the leg work
and has shared the step-by-step process
he used to get it done. See the sidebar
article for this process. Urban found that
he was able to apply for the non-profit
status over the telephone and then later,
file the E-post card via e-mail. In his
words, “Not very difficult or complex to
set up…it is the procedure I used with
total success.”
By now, you may be asking, “What
if we don’t file the E-post card or get
a non-profit designation?” The IRS
will not impose a monetary penalty on
small organizations that do not file the
E-postcard. However, an organization
that does not file the E-postcard in three
successive years risks losing its nonprofit
status. That means being treated
like a for-profit company and paying forprofit
tax rates on the chapter’s revenue.
Not an enticing alternative.
The temptation may be to just “stay
under the radar,” not file the E-postcard
and not obtain the IRS non-profit
designation. That might work for a while
but we don’t recommend it. The IRS
has beefed up its non-profit compliance
unit and will be working to identify
organizations that are not in compliance.
Besides, there are some benefits that
chapters will gain by holding a 501(c)3
non-profit charitable designation in
addition to knowing you are operating
within the law and being good citizens.
Chapters will be able to accept tax
deductible donations and could take
advantage of non-profit postage rates.
Remember though, that organizations
that hold 501(c)3 designations are
barred from almost all political lobbying
activity.
All in all, the annual effort to file the
E-postcard will not be much of a burden.
There will be some work at the front-end
for chapters that don’t have the nonprofit
charitable designation but once
that’s obtained the process should be
fairly painless.
One more note. Your chapter may
want to contact a CPA locally if you
have questions about your filing status
or procedures or about any special
requirements that may exist in your state,
especially if your annual gross revenue
is above $25,000. Also, the information
provided here is not intended or offered
as legal advice.
Contributors Sought for New Book
National Board member and SBE
Publications Committee chairperson,
Andy Cummis, CBT, CTO, is planning a
new SBE/Focal Press book that will cover
how broadcasters prepare and respond
to natural disasters. She’s looking for
real-world examples from broadcast
engineers on their personal experiences
in this area. If you would be interested in
contributing to this work, contact Andy at
acummis@totalrf.com.
OCTOBER 2008 17

he Ennes Educational Foundation
Trust has awarded three scholarships
for 2008. Winners are chosen
from applications received by July 1
from the previous 12 months.
The Harold E. Ennes and Robert D.
Greenberg scholarships are awarded to
individuals interested in continuing or
beginning their education in broadcast
engineering and technology. The Youth
Scholarship is specifically for a graduating
high school senior interested in
broadcast engineering as a career. Each
scholarship awarded this year is for
$1,500. This year’s recipients are:
ROBERT D. GREENBERG
SCHOLARSHIP
Eric Boyle is currently a student
member of SBE.
Boyle was first
introduced to
radio in 1989 as
a part time radio
announcer on the
overnight weekend
shift of a local AM
news and sports
radio station. He
became interested in Amateur Radio
while working as an audio/visual technician
at a school supply store, where he
met his “Elmer” who helped him attain
his Technician Class HAM ticket.
From there he eventually became a
Senior Technician and Supervisor for Internet
companies. Afterward he became
the Information Systems Technician at a
local school district, where he worked
on PA systems, closed circuit video
distribution systems, telephone systems,
cabling for the systems and the computer
network including splicing fiber optics.
For the last 16 months Boyle has been
working part time at KSAL and KYEZ, the
same radio stations he started at in 1989.
Boyle really enjoys radio and would like
to eventually make a career for himself
in Broadcast Engineering. Boyle is using
his scholarship towards an Associate
Degree in Electronics Engineering from
Cleveland Institute of Electronics.
Harold E. Ennes
SCHOLARSHIP
Ettore Albuquerque has always
been interested in
broadcasting and
computer engineering,
but never
had the chance to
pursue the field
until 2005. While
he was living in Gulf
Shores, Alabama he
decided that he had
to go back to school to get a professional
degree. However, being that there were
no schools in the area he could attend,
he moved to a place where he could earn
a professional degree.
Albuquerque decided to move to
Washington State and his close friend
suggested moving to the city of Spokane.
In 2005, Albuquerque and his son moved
to Spokane, where he immediately
enrolled in Spokane Community College
(SCC) to pursue his dream of getting a
higher education degree. He began earning
his degree in a broadcast/computer
engineering field that SCC offered.
While juggling a part time job, a
family and his full-time school schedule,
Albuquerque was able to maintain a high
GPA, get involved in SkillsUSA, Amateur
Radio and Phi Theta Kappa clubs, as
well as volunteer with the American Red
Cross. He is very excited to use his scholarship
to move toward the completion
of his Associates Degree and potentially
earn a Bachelor Degree in Broadcast
Engineering.
YOUTH SCHOLARSHIP
Michael Nutting intends to use his
newly received
scholarship to help
pay for college and
books, as well as
aid him in obtaining
his dream job
of becoming a
broadcast engineer.
Nutting graduated
from Fairport High
School in Fairport, NY this past June with
an advanced regents diploma, and from
the Radio and Television Broadcasting
Program at the Eastern Monroe Career
Center. He is an Eagle Scout and a Skills
USA Television Production New York
State award winner two years in a row.
Nutting has worked at the Fairport
Area Community Television station and
interned at WXXI, a PBS member station,
and WHEC-TV, an NBC affiliate station in
Rochester, New York. For the past four
years, Nutting has participated in Reach
Workcamps, repairing and rebuilding
homes in impoverished areas. He is attending
the State University of New York,
College at Brockport studying Broadcast
Communications with a minor in physics.
The Ennes Educational Foundation
Trust is a non-profit, charitable organization
dedicated to the education of current
and future broadcast engineers. It
provides scholarships, offers workshops
and supports other projects that meet
the Trust objectives of training broadcast
engineers, as well as preparing a
new generation for the field. The Ennes
Scholarship Committee congratulates the
above recipients and wishes them well in
future endeavors.
18 the SIGNAL

Society of Broadcast Engineers
9102 N. Meridian Street, Suite 150
Indianapolis, IN 46260
Dear SBE:
M. W. Persons and Associates, Inc.
RADIO BROADCAST TECHNICAL CONSULTING
10032 Island Drive
BRAINERD, MINNESOTA 56401
PHONE (218) 829-1326 FAX (218) 829-2026
http://mwpersons.com mark@mwpersons.com
August 4, 2008
Many thanks for drawing my name for a prize in the recent membership drive. It is
an Eton E1XM AM/FM/SW/XM Radio. What a great reward for talking-up the SBE this year
and in past years. I even tell station managers about the SBE because they need to know
the organization is a good and true one that helps Broadcast Engineers be good at what
we do.
Years ago, I was too busy to be bothered with the newly organized Society of
Broadcast Engineers. I was in our family owned and operated radio station fixing cartridge
tape machines, reel to reel tape decks, and turntables, not to mention transmitters.
Who had time to think of anything else?
It was at an NAB convention that I was formally introduced to the SBE by the likes
of Bob Jones and John Battison. It became clear that the SBE was, and still is, a viable
and needed organization. However, it wasn’t until after joining that I discovered there
were certification exams to be conquered. The deadline for “grandfathering” into the SBE
had passed. Not to be deterred, I forged ahead studying and then passing exam after
exam. It was also apparent that the examinations were written by Broadcast Engineers for
Broadcast Engineers. The questions were well thought out so they could be understood
by those working in the industry. You can’t beat that.
Just when it seemed I was on the top as a CPBE (Certified Professional Broadcast
Engineer), SBE management raised the bar by offering additional certifications. So, it was
back to the exam room to pass the CBNT (Certified Broadcast Networking Technologist)
exam followed by the AMD (AM Directional Specialist) exam. Someday soon you may
find my face in an exam room to take the recently created SBE DRB (Digital Radio Broadcast
Specialist) certification too.
All of this is really for the best. The SBE has stretched my capabilities to make me
a better Broadcast Engineer. Good people are running this organization and I am glad
of it. We should all be thankful for the guiding light of the SBE in this ever changing world.
SBE….lead on.
Sincerely,
M. W. PERSONS AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
Mark W. Persons
Mark and Paula Persons
2008-09 SBE
Certification
Exam Schedule
OCTOBER 2008
Dates
location
Application Deadline
November 7-17, 2008 Local Chapters CLOSED
February 6-16, 2009 Local Chapters December 31, 2008
April 21, 2009 NAB April 1, 2009
June 5-15, 2009 Local Chapters April 17, 2009
August 7-17, 2009 Local Chapters June 5, 2009
November 6-16, 2009 Local Chapters September 18, 2009
19

MEETING from page 1
Wisconsin, Madison Campus.
Just prior to the SBE National Meeting,
the Society will produce a national
Webcast, similar to the one held last
year from Pittsburgh, Pa. The program is
planned for Monday, October 13 at 8:00
pm EDT and will involve a number of SBE
Board members and other leadership. A
portion of the program will be dedicated
to taking questions from members.
The schedule for the National Meeting
starts with the Certification Committee
Meeting in the afternoon on Tuesday,
October 14. Tuesday’s schedule also
includes the fall meeting of the Board
of Directors from 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm.
Activities on Wednesday, October 15 will
include the annual SBE Fellows Reunion.
This year, it will be a breakfast from
8:00 am to 9:00 am. This breakfast is
CERT from page 8
• Is the question appropriate for this
particular level and area of Certification?
Upon further discussion, the offending
question(s) are either rewritten or
removed from the exam pool.
4. Generating the tests. All questions
are contained in a large database, with
each question tagged with the level of
difficulty and appropriate Certification
specialty. About one month prior to
every exam period, questions for each
level and certification specialty are
randomly selected from this database
and forwarded to a group of Committee
members for review. This double-check
is designed to catch any typographic,
grammar, or coding errors in the
database, and to verify again that the
questions are relevant for the particular
levels and certification specialties
to which they are assigned. It is not
unusual at this stage for several questions
out of several hundred to be flagged
and either replaced or corrected prior
to the printing and distribution of the
being sponsored by Kathrein Inc., Scala
Division.
Also on Wednesday, will be the Annual
Membership Meeting from 4:00 pm to
5:00 pm. The National Awards Reception
will follow the meeting from 5:00 pm to
6:00 pm., which is sponsored by Trilithic.
The SBE National Awards Dinner (ticket
required) will highlight the evening
beginning at 6:00 pm. The dinner will
include special guest speaker Richard
D. Cupka Sr., and of course, the SBE
National Awards will be presented. The
dinner is being sponsored by Microsoft
Radio Communications.
For more information about the
Wisconsin Broadcasters Clinic, please see
the WBA website at www.wi-broadcasters.
org.
Tickets for the SBE National Awards
dinner are $14 per person and can be
ordered by contacting Debbie at the SBE
examinations. After this review, it is from
this group of questions that the actual
session examinations are selected.
5. Essay Questions. At the Senior and
Specialist level, an essay question allows
the applicant to express more completely
an understanding of a particular segment
of broadcast engineering technology.
Committee members, who also write
the essay questions, select appropriate
questions for each applicant based upon
that applicant’s past knowledge and
experience as detailed in the examination
application. Three questions are
selected in this manner and presented
to the test-taker, who chooses one to
answer.
Grading is done by Certification
Committee members, each of whom
independently assigns a numerical
value to the essay answer, which are
added and averaged to become the
final score. To help in grading these
tests, essay questions have suggested
“answer highlights” to assist reviewers
in determining the completeness of the
answer.
National Office at (317) 846-9000 or
dhennessy@sbe.org. VISA, MasterCard,
and American Express are accepted.
October 7 & 8 , 2008
SBE Chapter 22 Broadcast &
Technology Expo
Event Center at Turning Stone Casino &
Resort in Verona, NY
Sponsored by: SBE Chaper 22
October 14-15, 2008
2008 SBE National Meeting
Marriott Madison West Hotel,
Middleton, (Madison) Wisc.
In conjunction with: The Wisconsin Broadcasters
Clinic, presented by SBE
Chapter 24, Madison and the Wisconsin
Broadcasters Association.
October 14-16, 2008
2008 Wisconsin Broadcasters Clinic
Marriott Madison West Hotel,
Middleton, (Madison) Wisc.
Sponsored by: SBE Chapter 24 and the Wisconsin
Broadcasters Association
October 20-21 2008
2008 Annual Engineer Workshop
Sheraton Indianapolis Hotel & Suites,
Indianapolis, IN
Sponsored by: Indiana Broadcasters
Association
October 20-21, 2008
2008 Chapter 20 Annual
Equipment Expo
Pittsburgh ExpoMart,
Monroeville, Pa.
Sponsored by: SBE Chapter 20
Leader-Skills
instructor
Richard D.
Cupka Sr.
will be this
year’s keynote
speaker at the
SBE National
Awards Dinner.
November 14, 2008
6th Annual Ohio Broadcast Engineering
Conference
DoubleTree Hotel, Columbus, OH
Presented by: Ohio Association of Broadcasters,
SBE Ohio Chapters, The Ohio Section of the Society
of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
20 the SIGNAL

Chapter 85 sponsors first Ennes Workshop held in Oklahoma
Left: Presenting “The Real
World of Disaster Recovery”
speaker Skip Erickson talked
about what happened when
the CBS and Fox affiliate in
Grand Junction, Colo. burned
completely to the ground in
January.
Right: Chapter 85 organized
a vender table-top tradeshow
in conjunction with the Ennes
Workshop.
Jim Turvaville, CSRE, has recently
been promoted to Corporate Director of
Engineering and Expansion for WAY-FM
Media Group, Inc. in their corporate offices
in Colorado Springs, Colo. Jim served
as WAY-FM Network Engineer in Nashville
for 8 years before moving to Colorado in
2006 as the Expansion Director for WMG,
which owns 18 full power FM’s and 61
translators across the U.S.
If you or someone you know moved,
changed positions, or been honored in
some way in the broadcast engineering
industry, submit details to “Members on
the Move” at hessex@sbe.org or to Attn:
Holly Essex SBE, 9102 North Meridian
St., Suite 150, Indianapolis, IN 46260
OCTOBER 2008
Letter from Chapter 78: Making Changes
The following letter was received by SBE Immediate Past President and current Chapter
Relations Committee Chair, Chriss Scherer, CPBE CBNT. It serves as an excellent
testimonial of how one chapter, which had struggled with attendance and programming,
made changes that have had very positive results. (ed.)
Hello, Chriss-
Well, in response to your question, we are not yet where we want to be, but we are making
progress in Chapter 78. We were at the point of folding as a Chapter, but the few members
we had sat down to figure out what we were going to do. The few members we had felt the
Chapter was worth continuing, but we had to change “business as usual.”
-We had to have the willingness to change/adapt.
-A willingness to ask and respond to members and potential attendees their preferred
meeting time.
-A willingness to expand to other broadcasters: Our primarily TV-oriented chapter was
willing to expand the chapter to attract and have programs/equipment demos etc. for radio
engineers- we have quite a few now.
Perhaps it may seem trite, but the old saying, “Everything rises and falls on leadership,”
(John Maxwell) is still true. A Chapter must have people at the helm who believe a Chapter
can be turned around. Here at Chapter 78, since our decision to go forward, successfully
hosted Gary Sgrignoli’s DTV Seminars (twice) and co-hosted a regional trade show in July,
plus other programs. Sometimes you can do the “impossible” if you’re willing to try, and
work at it. As the chapter grows (absolutely necessary to overcome attrition) you will have a
larger base to draw from
as leaders and workers. A
chapter, like anything else,
you must be willing to
“sow” for a while before
expecting the “reaping”
A:
B) Session. From the top down,
the OSI Seven Layer Model
is: Layer 7-Application; Layer
6-Presentation; Layer 5-Session;
Layer 4-Transport; Layer 3-Network;
Layer 2-Data Link; Layer
Peter Maroney, President of Virginia Association of Broadcasters,
presents the J. Jerry Freeman Engineer Of The Year award to SBE
1-Physical.
member Jon Bennett, CPBE at the VAB Convention in June 2008. ANSWER from page 3
of expanded membership,
better quality programs,
etc.
-You must invest first.
Al Stephens, CSTE, former
officer. Chapter 78, Blue
Ridge Chapter of southwestern
Virginia.
21

Silver Members, those with at least 25 years of membership, are
highlighted with a silver box, New Members are listed in blue
ADC Telecommunications Inc.•1998
Anne-Marie Gunderson
(952) 917-3072
End to End Connectivity Solutions
Advanced Test Equipment
Rentals•2006
Martin Jahn (800) 404-2832
Test and Measurement
Equipment Rentals
Ai•1995
Mark Polovick (607) 215-0653
UHF TV Broadcast Transmitters
American Tower Corporation•2000
Peter A. Starke (781) 461-6780
Broadcast Tower Development/
Construction/Management
Anixter•2005
David Ste-Marie (800) 995-6158
Audio/Video Cable &
Interconnect Products
Anton/Bauer Inc.•2004
Paul Dudeck (203) 929-1100
Battery Solutions for ENG
Audemat-Aztec Inc.•2000
Sophie Lion Poulain
(305) 249-3110
RDS Generator, Metering,
Monitoring, Remote Control
Manufacturer
Autodesk•1998
Christina Shackleton
(212) 338-3888
Digital Content Creation Software
AXCERA•1983
Mike Rosso
(800) 215-2614 ext. 101
Television Transmitters &
Exciters
Belden Electronic Division•1991
George Stillabower
(765) 983-5200
Cable and Connectivity
Beveridge Consulting, Inc.•2006
Gregory J. Beveridge
(720) 810-3464
Broadcast Engineering
Technical Consulting
Broadcast Electronics, Inc.•1978
Ray Miklius - Studio Products
Tim Bealor - RF
(217) 224-9600
Radio Equipment Manufacturer
Broadcast Engineering
Magazine•1984
Bradley L. Dick (913) 341-1300
Journal of the Broadcast Industry
Broadcast Microwave Services,
Inc. •1997
Russell Murphy - East
Jim Kubit - West
(540) 932-3660, (805) 581-
4566, (800) 669-9667
Manufacturer, Transmitters,
Receivers, Antenna Systems
Broadcast Supply Worldwide•1986
Shannon Nichols
(800) 426-8434
Audio Broadcast Equipment
Supplier
Broadcasters General Store•2004
Buck Waters (352) 622-7700
One Stop Broadcast Store
Canon USA, Inc.•1985
Gordon Tubbs
(201) 807-3300, (800) 321-4388
Broadcast Lenses &
Transmission Equipment
Chyron Corp.•1992
Carol Keane (631) 845-2031
HD/SD Character Generators
& MOS
Clark Wire & Cable•1991
Shane Collins (800) 222-5348
Audio, Video and Remote Camera
Cables
COMET North America•2005
Steve Claterbaugh
(214) 235-6596
Capacitors, Variable & Fixed
Comrex Corporation•1997
Chris Crump(978) 784-1776
Remote Audio Broadcast Equipment
Comsearch•2004
Tim Hardy (703) 726-5651
Frequency Coordination Services,
Continental Electronics
Continental Electronics
Corporation•1976
Michael Troje
(214) 381-7161, (800) 733-5011
AM & FM IBOC Transmitters
Crispin Corporation•2006
Brian Gleason(919) 845-7744
Broadcast Automation Solutions
Crouse-Kimzey Co.•2008
Mark Bradford (972) 660-6100
Broadcast Equipment Sales
CUC Broadcast•2008
Michael Johnson
\(951) 278-5626
Shared Storage System Integrator
Dataworld•1998
John T. Neff (800) 368-5754
Coverage Maps and Services
Dialight Corporation•2006
Doug Woehler (732) 991-2837
Obstruction Lighting, L.E.D. Based
Dielectric Communications•1995
Jay S. Martin (207) 655-4555
TV & FM Broadcast Products
Digital Alert Systems, LLC•2005
Bruce Robertson(520) 488-8667
IP Based EAS ENDEC
DiskStream Incorporated•2006
Rein Taul
(519) 579-8166, ext. 57
Capsa Video Archive
DMT USA, Inc.•2003
Tom Newman
(856) 423-0010
Television Transmitters, Translators
and Antennas
DSC Laboratories•2002
Michael Kent (905) 673-3211
Test Charts & Illuminators
DTVinteractive•2007
Jennifer Jang
(+82) (0)2-3446-2040
Test & Measurement
Solution Provider
du Treil, Lundin & Rackley, Inc.•1985
Jeff Reynolds (941) 329-6000
Consulting Engineers
DYMO Corporation•2006
Robert Garvey (717) 342-8090
RHINO Professional Labeling Products
e2v technologies Inc.•1997
Rick Bossert
(800) 433-8269, (800) 342-
5338
Klystrons, MSDC IOTs, IOTs,
Satcom Amps, TWTs
Econco•1980
(800) 532-6626 or (530)
662-7553
New & Rebuilt Transmitting Tubes
Electrorack Enclosure Products •2008
Todd Schneider (714) 776-5420
Racks, Enclosures, Power,
Accessories
Empower RF Systems•2008
Jon Jacocks (310) 412-8100
DTV Transmitter & Translator
ENCO Systems Inc.•2003
Don Backus(800) 362-6797
Digital Audio Automation &
Delivery
Environmental Technology Inc.•1997
John Cahill
(800) 234-4239, ext. 229
Dehydrators, Deicing Sensor &
Controls for Broadcast/FM and
Satellite Antennas
ERI - Electronics Research•1990
David White (812) 925-6000
Antennas, Towers, Filters, Combiners
ETS-Lindgren/Holaday EMF
Measurement•2003
Dave Seabury
(908) 876-5042
RF Safety Instrumentation
Excelsior College•2007
Andre Adams(518) 464-8777
Distance Education Degree Programs
Florical Systems•2008
Jim Berry(352) 372-8326
Television Braodcast Automation
Freeland Products•1997
Joel Freeland (800) 624-7626
Rebuilt Power Tubes
Frontline Communications Corp. •2000
Doug McKay
(727) 573-0400, ext. 120
Broadcast/Command/HLS
Vehicles
Fujinon, Inc.•1986
Thom Calabro
(973) 633-5600
Broadcast & Communications
Products
Gepco International, Inc.•1995
Ken Bernd
(847) 795-9555
Audio, Video Cable Products
Google Inc.•2005
Scott Bodgan
(949) 791-1200
SS32, Maestro, ASP Solutions
Harris Corporation, Broadcast
Communications Division•1977
Joe Mack (TV), Chris Pannell
(Radio), Bob Duncan (Software)
(513) 459-3406, (406) 556-
0280, (719) 439-0130
Broadcast Equipment & Services
HD World•2006
Michael Driscoll
(203) 371-6322
HD World Conference &
Exposition
(Oct. 10-11, 2007, New York)
Holbrook Enterprises, Inc.•2006
Heywood Bagley
(208) 468-8797
WireCAD - Serious design tools
Image Video•1997
Dave Russell
(416) 750-8872 ext. 230
Under Monitor Tally Display
Systems, Monitor Walls, Signal
Alarm Systems
JDSU•2007
Brigette Robbins
(919)338-5061
Joseph Electronics Inc.•2003
Yohay Hahamy
(847) 501-1584
Broadcasters One-Stop Supplier
Kathrein Inc., Scala Division•1985
Michael W. Bach or Mike Johnson
(541) 779-6500
Antennas for Broadcasting &
Communications
KPFF Consulting Engineers•2004
Madison Batt
(206) 926-0508
Tower Engineering, Inspections
Design
L-3 Communications Electron
Devices•2003
Steve Bliek
(570) 326-3561, ext. 229
Tubes, Power
LBA Technology, Inc.•2002
Jerry Brown
(252) 757-0279
AM/MW Antenna Equipment &
Systems
LEA International•2004
Carol Rassier
(208) 762-6121
Power Quality Products &
Services
Lincoln Financial Media•2007
Don Shaw
704-374-3639
Media, Communications
LP Technologies, Inc.•2006
Samuel Lee
(316) 816-9696
Spectrum Analyzers
LYNX Technik•2007
Steve Russel
(661) 251-8600
Broadcast Terminal Equip
Mackay Communication•2002
Patrick Fisher (919) 850-3164
Satellite Communications Equipment
& Airtime
Markertek Video Supply•2002
Tom Moretti
(845) 246-3036
Audio, Video, Audio Visual
Broadcast Supply
Maxell Corporation of
America•1991
Patricia Byrne
(201) 794-5900
Broadcast Video Products
Micro Communications, Inc.•1998
Frank Malanga
(603) 624-4351, (800) 545-0608
TV & FM Antennas & RF Components
Micronet Communications,Inc.•2005
Jerry Armes
(972) 422-7200
Coordination Services / Frequency
Planning
Microwave Filter Company, Inc.•2003
Sherry Bell
(315) 438-4700
Passive Electronic Filters
Microwave Radio
Communications•1991
Nadine Frechette
(978) 671-5700
Video Microwave Systems
Microwave Service Corporation•1997
Warren J. Parece
(978) 556-0970
Microwave Equipment Rentals/
Sales/Service
Middle Atlantic Products•2005
David Amoscato
(973) 839-1011, ext. 1197
Enclosures, Power, Accessories,
Furniture
Minkin Design Inc.•2005
Jay Minkin
(206) 250-7481
System Integration/Design/
Documentation
Mohawk•1995
Jamie Silva
(800) 422-9961
Wire and Cable
Morrow Technologies, Inc.•2002
Tish Boyles
(727) 531-4000
Spectrum Analyzers
Moseley Associates, Inc.•1977
Dave Chancey
(805) 968-9621
RF & T1 STLs
National Association of
Broadcasters•1981
(202) 429-5340
Industry Trade Association
National Football League•1999
Jay Gerber
Game Day Coordination Operations
Nautel, Inc.•2002
Wendell Lonergan
(207) 947-8200
Radio Broadcast Transmitter
Manufacturer
Neural Audio•2006
Mark Seigle
Surround Sound Technologies
Nott Ltd.•2002
Ron Nott
(505) 327-5646
Folded Unipole Antennas; Detune
Systems; Lightning Prevention
Nucomm, Inc.•1996
John Dulany
(908) 852-3700
Digital Microwave Transmission
Equipment
NVISION, Inc.•1997
Doug Buterbaugh
(530) 265-1000
Routers, Master Control &
Terminal Equipment
Oldcastle Precast, Inc.•2006
Douglas Domas
(678) 371-8315
Precast Buildings/General Construction/Program
Management
OMT Technologies Inc.•2001
Ron Paley
(888) 665-0501
Automation, Skimming/Logging
Software
Orban/CRL•2008
David Rusch
(480) 403-8300
Audio Processing
Panasonic Broadcast & Digital
Systems Company•1985
Tom Moore
(201) 392-6176
Professional Broadcast Equipment
Pasternack Enterprises•2001
Christine Hammond
(949) 261-1920
Coax & Fiber Products
PESA Switching Systems, Inc.•1997
Robert McAlpine
(800) 328-1008
Routing Switcher Manufacturer
Pike & Fischer•1991
Andy Myers
(800) 255-8131, ext. 234
FCC Rules & Regulation
Prime Image, Inc.•1997
Rodney Hampton
(408) 867-6519
Digital Audio/Video Equipment
Pro-Bel•2002
Terry Barnham
(631) 549 5159
Automation, Routing & Infrastructure
Propagation Systems, Inc.(PSI)•2005
Doug Ross
(814) 472-5540
Quality Broadcast Antenna
Systems
Prophet Systems Innovations•2003
John Gager
(308) 284-3007
Audio and Video Content Management
ProVideo Systems, Inc.•2000
Dave Goldsmith
(419) 874-2850
Sales, Consulting, Design &
Integration
Pulsecom•2003
Stan Bailey
(630) 961-3253
Telco Broadband Audio Transmission
Quintech Electronics and
Communications Inc.•2002
Richard E. Bush
(724) 349-1412
RF Signal Management
Radian Communication Services
Inc.•1986
John McKay
(866) 4-RADIAN
Towers, Antennas, TV Transmitter
Installation
RDL•2004
John Gatts
(928) 778-9678, ext. 111
Audio, Video, Control & Test
Equipment Manufacturer
RF Central, LLC•2005
Jeff Winemiller
(717) 249-4900, ext. 222
Digital Wireless Microwave Equipment
RF Specialities of Texas, Inc. •2008
Don S. Jones
(806) 372-4518
Trasmitters, Antennas and More
RF Technologies a Ferrite
Company •2008
Paula Terrasi
(800) 634-4075
Television Broadcast Antenna
Systems
Richardson Electronics•1987
Chris Chinchilla
(800) 348-5580
Power Grid Tubes
Richland Towers•2001
David Denton
(813) 286-4140, ext. 6872
Tower Owner/Management
Rohde & Schwarz•2003
Eddy Vanderkerken
(469) 713-5322
Broadcast Transmitters, Test &
Measurement
ROSCOR Corporation•1998
Tom Voigts
(847) 299-8080
DTV System Integration
Ross Video Ltd.•2000
Burt Young
(613) 652-4886
Manufacturer, Television Broadcast
Equipment
SCMS, Inc.•2000
Bob Cauthen
(800) 438-6040
Broadcast Equipment- New/Used
Seacomm Erectors, Inc.•1997
John Breckenridge
(360) 793-6564
Tower/Antenna Erections
Sencore, Inc.•2005
Jeff Murray
(800) 736-2673
Audio/Video Test Equipment
Shively Labs•1996
David Allen
(207) 647-3327 or 888-SHIVELY
FM Antennas & Combiners
SignaSys•2005
Jeff Wolter
(408) 350-7210
Integration, Support, Training
Snell & Wilcox, Inc.•1995
John Shike
(818) 556-2616
Video Equipment Manufacturer
Stainless LLC/Doty-Moore•2004
Les Kutasi
(215) 631-1313
Tower Engineering/Tower Service
Stantron/APW•2006
Jay McGrath
(518) 731-7447
Equipment Racks
Stratos Global Corporation•2006
Folef Hooft Graafland (Eastern
USA), Chris Mott (Western USA)
(888) 766-1313 (USA)
(709) 748-4233 (Rest of World)
Streaming & Voice via Satellite
Strobe Tech, LLC•2008
Wes Pimentel
(931) 648-8414
Tower Lighting Experts
Sundance Digital, Inc.•2004
Steve Krant
(972) 444-8442
Broadcast Automation Solutions
Superior Broadcast Products•1999
Benny Springer
(800) 695-7919
Vacuum Tube & Solid State
Transmitters
Superior Electric•1995
Michael J. Miga
(860) 585-4552, (800) 787-3532
Power Protection Equipment
Sutro Tower, Inc.•1989
Gene Zastrow
(415) 681-8850
Broadcast Tower Leasing
Switchcraft, Inc.•1995
Jim Hoffman
(773) 792-2700
Electronic/Electromechanic
Components
TC Electronic•2008
Stacey Moran
(818) 665-4906
DTV Audio Level Processing
Tektronix, Inc.•1977
Jon Hammarstrom
(503) 627-6936
TV Test, Measurement Equipment
Telex Communications, Inc.•1992
Murray Porteous
(818) 566-6700
Intercom Systems,
Microphones, Headsets
Telos Systems/Omnia/Axia•2003
Denny Sanders
(216) 241-7225
Telos Systems - Talk-Show Systems
Terrestrial RF Licensing
Company•2003
Steven Slocum
(888) 373-4832
FCC Licensing Services
TESSO Technologies • 2008
Scott Palermo
(410) 229-1562
STL, Cable, Test Equipment
The Durst Organization –
4 Times Square•2004
John M. Lyons, CPBE
(212) 997-5508
TV/FM/Microwave Tower Site
The Whitlock Group•2000
Kevin Thompson
(800) 726-9843
Broadcast and Presentation Solutions
Thomson Broadcast & Media
Solutions•2000
William Powers (404) 929-5007
TV/Film Production & Broadcast
Professionals
Tieline Technology•2003
Kevin Webb (888) 211-6989
POTS, ISDN Codecs & Audio/
Video Products
Total RF Marketing•2001
Tom Sharkoski (215) 633-1000
Wireless Broadcasting Equipment
Rental
Trilithic, Inc.•2007
Art Leisey (317) 895-3600
EAS ENDEC Equiptment
Troll Systems, Inc.•2006
Brian Goldberg (661) 702-8900
Broadcast Control Systems
TRON-Tek, Inc.•1993
W.M. (Bill) Grass
(888) 819-4877
Part 74 Video Links
Turner Broadcasting/CNN •2007
Brad Ramer
(404) 827-5020
Television Engineering Services
Unimar, Inc.•2001
Michael A. Marley
(315) 699-4400, (800) 739-9169
Tower Obstruction Lighting Designer,
Manufacturer, Distributor
TV Magic•2008
Eva Langer
(858) 650-3155
Broadcast Systems Integrator
VALCOM•1996
Bill Burtenshaw
(519) 824-3220
AM/FM Broadcasting Antennas
VCI Solutions•2007
Kristin Garini
(413) 272-7200
Broadcast Traffic & Automation
Solutions
Venture Technologies Group, LLC•2006
Larry Rogow
(323) 965-5400
Television Stations
V-Soft Communications•2002
Adam Puls
(319) 266-8402
Broadcast Engineering Software
& Consulting
Ward-Beck Systems Ltd.•2004
Michael Jordan
(416) 335-5999
Metering, Monitoring, Distribution,
Conversion
Warning Systems, Inc.•2008
Elysa Jones
(256) 880-8702
CAP, Warning, Emergency Alert
Wire Wizards Integration•2007
Mr. Mark Guidire
(619) 992-0549
Reliable Specialized Installation
Technicians
Wireless Infrastructure
Services•2006
Mr. Travis Donahue
(951) 371-4900
Broadcast System Integration
Services
Wohler Technologies Inc.•2004
Milton Garcia
(510) 870-0810
In-Rack Audio & Video Monitoring
WSI Lighting•2008
Randy Daremus
(800) 783-1450
Lighting Distributor/Obstruction
Lighting
Wysong Enterprises Inc.•2005
Rodney Wysong
(423) 325-6900
Helicopter E.N.G. Solutions
the SIGNAL

AM Antenna Solutions
Directional Antenna Systems
LBA Technology - your trusted supplier of
digital engineered medium wave antenna
systems. LBA customized products
include high-power ATUs, Filters,
Diplexers, Triplexers, Combiners,
Directional Antenna
Systems, Grounding and
Electromagnetic Shielding,
and RF components for all
power levels. We offer complete
RF project design,
management, procurement
Diplexer/Triplexer
and installation services.
Systems
LBA enables thousands of
broadcasters in the US and
worldwide to -
Reach Farther,
Sound Better!
High-Power Antenna
Tuning Units
RF Components
Factory Dealer For:
OVER
40 YEARS
EXPERIENCE
IN AM
LBA Technology, Inc.
3400 Tupper Drive, Greenville, NC 27834
800-522-4464 / 252-757-0279 Fax: 252-752-9155
Contact John George at jgeorge@LBAGroup.com
www.LBAGroup.com
SINCE 1963
JUNE 2008
23