Tequesta : Number - 50/1990 - FIU Digital Collections

l• €C * THE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORICAL 

S* ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHERN FLORIDA 

Editors Emeriti 

Charlton W. Tebeau, Ph.D. 

Thelma Peters, Ph.D. 

Editor 

Arva Moore Parks 

Managing Editor 

Timothy F. Schmand 

Number L 1990 

CONTENTS 

Pioneering in Suburbia 5 

by Nixon Smiley 

The Carter Village Controversy 39 

by Teresa Lenox 

Among the Farmers 53 

Introduction by Howard Kleinberg 

Contents of Tequesta 1941 - 1990 73 

List of Members 83 

COPYRIGHT 1990 BY THE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHERN FLORIDA 

C te et^: is published annually by the Historical Association of Southern Florida. 

I Communications should be addressed to the Managing Editor of 

Tequesta, 101 W. Flagler Street, Miami, Florida 33130. The Association does not assume 

responsibility for statements of facts or opinions made by contributors.

We note with sadness the death of Dr. Lewis Leary, a charter member 

of the Historical Association of Southern Florida and the first editor of 

Tequesta. Dr. Leary had a distinguished career as a writer and a scholar 

in American literature. We are grateful to his widow, Mary Warren 

Hudson Leary for her recent gift to the Association in his memory.

Historical Association of Southern Florida, Inc. 

FOUNDED 1940 - INCOPORATED 1941 

Hunting F. Deutsch 

President 

Jack Lowell 

First Vice President 

Howard Zwibel, M.D. 

Second Vice President 

Mary Stuart Mank 

Secretary 

Robert Hunter 

Treasurer 

Raul L. Rodriguez 

Past President 


Editor Tequesta 

Charlton W. Tebeau, Ph.D. 

Editor Emeritus Tequesta 

Thelma Peters, Ph.D. 

Editor Emeritus Tequesta 

Stuart McIver 

Editor South Florida History Magazine 

Timothy Schmand 

Editor South Florida History Magazine 

Randy F. Nimnicht 

Executive Director 

Trustees 

Wayman L. Adkins 

Jean Batten 

Ronni Bermont 

William Brant 

Miguel A. Bretos, Ph.D 

Ignacio Carrera-Justiz 

William O. Cullom 

Carlos de la Cruz, Jr. 

Fernando T. Garcia-Chacon 

Sheila Gray 

Priscilla M. Greenfield 

George Harper 

John C. Harrison, Jr. 

Susan Johnson 

E. Barlow Keener 

Steven Krakow 

Deirdre Kyle 

Michael Lewis 

Joseph S. Mensch, M.D. 

John C. Nordt III, M.D. 

Janice C. Pryor 

R. Benjamine Reid 

David W. Swetland 

Alicia M. Tremols 

Sandy Younts

This Page Blank in Original 

Source Document

Pioneering in Suburbia 

PART I 

By Nixon Smiley 

Nixon Smiley, a well known newspaper reporter for the Miami 

Herald, local historian, and environmentalist, died July 29, 1990. 

Except for a hitch in the Marines during World War II, Smiley worked 

for the Herald from 1940 until he retired in 1973. His Knights of the 

Fourth Estate, one of nine books that he wrote, is the definitive history 

of the Miami Herald and an excellent history of Miami as well. 

Long the Herald's horticultural expert, Smiley was also acting 

director at Fairchild Tropical Garden from 1956 - 63. His interest in 

tropical plants was a particularly rewarding part of his life. 

Reared by his paternal grandparents, Smiley's early childhood was 

filled with fear and self doubts. He quickly learned to read faces and 

anticipate actions of adults to avoid severe punishment. Thus, he 

developed a keen sense of observation which was to help make him a 

respected newspaper reporter and author. His writings are characterized 

by this ability to observe and record in a clear, precise manner those 

events and details other people often failed to perceive. 

Before his death, Smiley recorded the memories of his experiences 

shared with his family and friends while living on Montgomery Drive 

in southwest Dade County on property the family bought when the area 

was still mostly undeveloped. The following observations cover the 

period between 1951 -1976 when he developed and landscaped the 

property at Southwest 120th Street and 60th Avenue. His love of the 

land, his interest and knowledge of tropical planting, and his friendships 

with a variety of interesting people make the memoir meaningful to all 

South Floridians. 

Today, thousands of people live in the area Smiley describes. How 

fortunate for Miami that a person as sensitive as Nixon Smiley was there 

to record the transition from back country to suburban neighborhood. 

We are grateful to his widow, Evelyn, and his son, Dr. Karl Smiley, for 

allowing Tequesta to publish this special manuscript.

6 TEQUESTA 

OUR INNOCENT YEARS 

From our house, in a setting of native Florida pines, a green vista 

bordered by rounded clumps of saw palmettos sloped gently through 

brown tree trunks to a shallow pond at the bottom of a swale. As twilight 

approached - at martini time - my wife and I liked to sit on our 

breezeway and watch for the wood ducks that came every evening to 

spend the night. Appearing suddenly, usually in pairs, sometimes in 

fours or sixes - silhouettes in the rose-pearl sky - they would bank 

and dive at exciting speed, tossing silvery spray from the placid surface 

as they splashed in. We often counted thirty or more on the pond at one 

time, swimming playfully and uttering their calls, a cross between a 

squeal and a whistle. As darkness descended, the ducks went to roost 

in willows whose toppled trunks extended over the pond. 

The twilight watch for the wood ducks' splash-in was one of the many 

delights of living on five acres of woodland, that while only ten miles 

southwest of downtown Miami, remained a unique wildlife haven 

although surrounded by suburban development. We (my wife Evelyn, 

son Karl, and myself) built here in 1951 and on Bastille Day moved into 

a raw ranch-style house that was only a shell of bare, unpainted concrete 

walls and cypress cathedral ceiling. It was one of the best moves we ever 

made. During the quarter century we lived here we celebrated Bastille 

Day - July 14 - not only because it symbolized mankind's continuous 

battle for personal freedom but reminded us of our good fortune and our 

rich experiences. For a major part of my career as a newspaperman, this 

place was a constant source of inspiring material for columns in The 

Miami Herald about the wildlife, the plants, the subtle changes in 

ecology, the geology of the land which was created under the sea, as 

well as the colorful personalities who over the years visited us and 

shared our delight in the kind of place that has virtually disappeared 

under the pressure of multiplying population, non-stop housing expansion 

and the destruction of the wilderness. 

But in 1951 Miami was still in her innocent years. In many ways it 

was still a small town with small-town ways. The great building boom 

of the 1950's - the prosperous Eisenhower years - was not yet 

underway. Most of Dade County's half-million residents lived north of 

Flagler Street. Much of South Dade was rural - pine woods, groves, 

vegetable farms. Except for the small communities that had grown up 

along U. S. Highway 1 and the Florida East Coast Railway, you drove 

through pine woods much of the way between South Miami and


Homestead. Then, taking a zigzagging road from Florida City to the 

newly dedicated Everglades National Park, you drove through a solid 

forest of pines, palmettos and slender silver palms. The air was abuzz 

with the rasping of cicadas, and in the spring thousands of zebra 

butterflies drifted above the frequently burned-over forest understory. 

So large was this unique forest you discounted any possibility that one 

day it would be gone. Perhaps in 100 or 200 years, you might have said. 

Yet, within 20 years it was to disappear before the bulldozers of land 

developers, and even where the pines were left on the lots of green belt 

subdivision, the understory palmettos and other native plants were 

cleared for replacement with grass and exotic ornamentals. 

Creating the pond, 1951. 

When we moved to Montgomery Drive it was a narrow, roughly 

paved street on which you seldom saw a vehicle. Our friends had 

trouble finding our house, partly concealed among the pines and 

palmettos a hundred yards north of the street. A bulldozed road, little 

wider than an automobile, wound through the woods from Montgomery 

Drive to our house. Although a new development, Town and Ranch 

Estates was going up on the south side of Montgomery Drive from us, 

fewer than a dozen houses had been built. Many of the owners

8 TEQUESTA 

wondered if they had made a bad decision in buying so far out in the 

country, three miles from the nearest grocery, drugstore or gasoline 

station. On weekends people drove out from the city to look at Town 

and Ranch's newest houses on display - houses designed by a coming 

architect, Alfred Browning Parker. Despite the attractiveness of the 

houses there was a reluctance to buy. The area was remote, and Parker 

had not yet become famous. A short distance away was a five-acre piece 

of pine woods for sale at $500 an acre. I passed the word to a fellow 

reporter who was planning to build a house as soon as he and his wife 

could decide on a site. After looking at the property he said to me: 

"What are you trying to do, get us out in the sticks?" They built on a city 

lot where financing was easier to get and where utilities were no 

problem. 

You needed a pioneering spirit to build on five acres in South Dade's 

countryside in 1951. Rattlesnakes lurked in the palmettos; and, in the 

fall, hunters shot quail and doves so close to our house that shotgun 

pellets showered upon our white gravel roof. When we complained the 

hunters laughed. The had no sympathy for anybody crazy enough to 

build a house "in the sticks." Hunters are a very special breed. After the 

hunting season they set fires in the woods to improve the hunting the 

following year, as well as to keep down the growth of understory scrub, 

and to "get rid of the rattlesnakes." Moreover, the fires were set in the 

dry season when the palmettos and tall grasses burned like tinder. Few 

things are more frightening than to see a wall of fire sweeping across the 

woods in the direction of your house. Fortunately we had firebreaks, 

and, with the help of neighbors and the county's "one-horse" fire 

department, we managed to survive. Eventually developers came, put 

in streets and built houses, leaving our five acres a wilderness oasis in 

a countryside of acre-size lots and expensive homes. Although the 

widespread clearing drove many of the wild animals and the quail from 

our woods, a greater number of song birds found sanctuary there. 

We bought the property in 1948 from Colonel Robert H. Montgomery 

and his wife Nell, who lived on an 80 acre estate at the corer of Old 

Cutler Road and Red Road. Upon acquiring the property in the early 

1930s, they had bought adjacent acreage to prevent undesirable development. 

Montgomery, a tax lawyer and a founding partner in the 

international auditing firm ofLybrand, Ross Bros. & Montgomery, now 

Coopers & Lybrand, was founder of the Fairchild Tropical Garden. I 

had become acquainted with him at the beginning of the Second World 

War when I was assigned by The Herald's city editor to cover a talk


about taxes he made before a group of Miami lawyers and accountants. 

Our friendship developed through my writings about horticulture, a 

subject of special interest to him in his advancing years. 

Colonel Montgomery was reserved - even timid - except among 

friends and members of his professions of law and accounting. He 

dropped out of grammar school to help put bread on the table after the 

death of his father, and therefore, had to make his way in the world 

without the social experiences, affluence and confidence a college 

education is expected to provide graduates. Having no illusion about 

the worth of his name, he induced David Fairchild to give his to the 

Fairchild Tropical Garden. Yet Montgomery knew many persons in 

high places and had considerable influence behind the scenes, especially 

in Washington. 

Few living today know that except for his influence, the large Air 

Force Base at Homestead would have been built at Chapman Field and 

on adjacent properties, within 10 miles of downtown Miami. Chapman 

Field had been a gunnery school during the First World War. After the 

war it became the United States Plant Introduction Garden. At the 

beginning of the Second World War, the military began building or 

improving airfields throughout the country. The Air Force (in those 

days it was the Army Air Corps) planned to build a major air base in 

Dade County. Resurrection of Chapman Field was immediately considered. 

But whereas old Chapman Field had covered only a few 

hundred acres, the new air base would require thousands of acres. This 

meant that large parcels of adjoining property would have to be 

purchased. Local landowners, real estate brokers, businessmen and 

politicians saw an opportunity to make a killing. They backed the 

project with all the influence they could muster. 

Montgomery, aware the large base would destroy one of Dade 

County's delightful residential areas, including his own place, and at the 

same time endanger Matheson Hammock Park and the Fairchild Garden, 

went to work behind the scenes. Going to Washington, he pointed 

out to Air Force officials the disadvantages of building so large an air 

base on the old Chapman Field site. First, there was a serious disparity 

in elevations, resulting from an ancient shorcland escarpment running 

diagonally through the property. Second, it was located near the 

populous Miami area, which meant additional land would be expensive. 

Why not go a few miles farther south, where there were large areas of 

cheap, vacant, flat land? Air Force authorities took a second look. 

Seeing that Montgomery was right, they selected a site near Homestead.

10 TEQUESTA 

As a result, we have the Homestead Air Force Base rather than a 

Chapman Field Air Force Base. 

Drafted into the military service in 1943, I wound up with the Marine 

Corps at Okinawa. From there I wrote to Colonel Montgomery and 

asked him if he would sell my wife and me an acre of land after the war, 

as he had sold an acre to an acquaintance who planned to plant a grove. 

He replied immediately that he would but added that since the property 

had not been subdivided, five acres was the smallest unit he and Nell 

could sell us. 

Upon returning to Miami after the war, we were unable to see our 

way clear to buy and develop five acres of rural land in that area, so we 

waited a couple of years to take up the Colonel's offer. Although land 

prices had risen a bit in the meantime, he not only charged us the original 

price he had fixed but selected for us a piece of property facing 

Montgomery Drive that he considered the most attractive five acres he 

owned outside his estate. 

Although we owned a beautiful piece of property, we lacked funds 

to begin building immediately. That, however, did not prevent us from 

making plans. First, we had to choose a site for our house, then draw 

a plan or find a plan that would fit aesthetically. We tried several sites 

and drew a multitude of floor plans and elevations, getting our ideas 

from magazines and books as well as from developers' models. While 

many of these plans might have been suitable for a city lot, all were 

inappropriate for five acres of woodland. Furthermore, there was the 

problem of cost. We had to think about the type and size of house we 

could afford. Most of our plans, as I recall, would have cost more to 

build than we could have hoped to pay for out of my low salary. 

Frustrated after exhausting our ideas and our energy, we decided to 

rest for awhile. We felt no hurry. Before we could build we had to pay 

for the land. The Korean War began, followed by spiraling inflation. 

You heard predictions that the value of homes would go up by one-third 

within a year. Fearing we might have to wait for years to build if we 

failed to do so soon, we went into a flurry of activity. 

In the meantime I had drawn a rough map of the property, showing 

the approximate differences in elevations and indicating the various 

plant communities, particularly the larger pines and the major groups of 

saw palmettos. In the southeast fifth of the property was an acre-sized 

swale whose lowest part, according to the U. S. Geological Survey, was 

four feet above sea level. Along the north, northwest and west borders 

of the swale, elevations rose gradually to 10 and 13 feet, the highest area


being in the northwest area. The swale, which one time had been a glade 

covered with sawgrass and willows around alligator holes, had been 

farmed off and on since the beginning of the First World War. But it had 

been abandoned after the Second World War, and was now covered 

with a dense growth ofjumbee bean trees, a rapid-growing leguminous 

tropical species ten feet in height. Thejumbee bean is adaptable to both 

dry and wet conditions and flourished in the swale although in the rainy 

season the lowest area was at times underwater. 

After studying the map I had drawn, Evelyn got an idea. Why not 

build our house in the northwest area of the property, facing the jumbee 

bean-covered swale in the southeast section? If a vista were opened 

through the palmettos in the pine woods and the jumbee beans removed 

from the swale, we would have the longest possible view, extending 

some 500 feet, while with a suitable house design we would be in a 

position to enjoy the prevailing southeast breeze during the summer in 

that period before home air conditioning was affordable. Moreover, in 

the lowest part of the swale, where the water table was no more than 18 

inches below the ground surface during the driest time of year, we could 

excavate a pond. We would need considerable soil to cover the rocky 

surface of the pineland about the house before planting grass and 

shrubbery. But what kind of house would be suitable for this location? 

We again went into a flurry of activity but came up with nothing we 

liked. Then I got an idea. Why not consult Alfred Browning Parker! 

While we couldn't afford Parker's complete architectural services, 

perhaps he might be willing to give us some helpful suggestions. I had 

known Al since before the Second World War while he was attending 

architectural school and courting the daughter of a one-time neighbor, 

Dr. John C. Gifford. I got the courage to call him and see if I could meet 

him one day while he was checking on construction in nearby Town and 

Ranch Estates. Although it was embarrassing to call an architect and 

ask his advice when you had no money, Parker couldn't have been more 

cordial. We met at the property and walked over it. 

"It's a beauty," he said as we waded through waist-high palmettos. 

When I showed him the site Evelyn had suggested, he looked about 

and said: "She couldn't have selected a better one. This is ideal." 

"Yes," I replied, "but we have been unable to come up with a plan 

suitable for this site - at least a plan we can afford to build. We can't 

go higher than ten thousand dollars." 

With $10,000 you could build a house in 1950 that would cost eighty 

thousand dollars in the 1980's. Ten years earlier, however, we had built

12 TEQUESTA 

a five-room concrete block house, with garage and tile roof, on the edge 

of Coconut Grove, for $3,500. We had paid $500 for the two 50 foot lots 

on which the house set. After paying for the lots, we used them as a 

down payment to the First Federal Savings and Loan Association to get 

the house built. 

Resting a foot on a charred stump, Parker made a quick sketch on a 

note pad he held on his knee. 

"If I were planning to build a house here costing $10,000 I would 

think of something like this," he said. Then, tearing the sheet of paper 

from the pad, he handed it to me. 

Well-known Miami Architect Alfred Browning Parker, did not 

charge Smiley a design fee for his work. 

Studying the sketch of a ranch-style house Al had done in a jiffy, I 

was wonder-struck. After that moment I was never again capable of 

being surprised by the genius of this architect. 

"Good, very good," I commented in a low-key way that by no means 

reflected the emotion I felt. "I like this," I added, studying the drawing. 

"I like it very much." 

"Then if you like the plan, take it home and draw the floor plan and 

the elevations," he said. "When you have finished, bring the drawings 

to my studio so I can check them. In that way your plans won't cost you 

anything. If I have to run them through my office I will have to charge, 

and it could be expensive."


Evelyn was as enthused with Parker's sketch as I was. We agreed 

it was an ideal plan for the location. Facing the southeast, its rooms 

would be swept by the prevailing summer breeze. I began immediately 

working on detailed plans, drawn to scale, until I came up with 

something that satisfied us and at the same time fulfilled zoning 

requirements for a minimum of 1,600 square feet of floor space. 

Although a small house for the location, with two bedrooms and one 

bath, it seemed large to us, perhaps because of its length- 80 feet. The 

bedroom section formed the cross of an off-center capital T, while the 

shaft, containing the living room and kitchen, was separated from the 

bedrooms by a 16-by-16 foot breezeway. At the kitchen end, the roof 

was extended to one side to form a carport. We also included a fireplace. 

After a couple of trips to see Parker and get the benefit of his advice, 

including the suggestion that we use redwood jalousies on the screened 

breezeway, I took the plans to a contractor I knew. 

Although the contractor took six months to complete the house, we 

were more than repaid for waiting. In figuring the bid, the contractor 

had made an error that gave us 192 extra square feet of house that cost 

us nothing. He had figured the living room as being 16-by-24 feet, 

whereas it actually was 16-by-36 feet on the floor plan - and that's 

what the carpenter in charge built. But it was not until after the house 

was completed that the error was discovered. It was too late to do 

anything. Our $10,000 had been spent to the last dime, so the contractor 

had to take his loss with whatever tears contractors shed over such 

dismaying miscalculations. 

We would long remember how barny the raw, unpainted living room 

looked when we first moved in. What colors should we use, first 

outside, then inside? Situated deep in the woods, we had to consider our 

surroundings; we couldn't use colors that clashed with the pines and the 

palmettos. Why not use a palmetto green on the outside walls and a 

brown trim - like the color of the pine trunks - on the eaves and on 

the window frames? The inside we would think about later. I went to 

a paint store, found a "palmetto green," bought a gallon, took it home, 

and applied it to a section of an outside wall. The raw paint, the color 

of poisoned water, was atrocious. Frustrated, I sought advice from a 

friend, Gordon Bachelor, who operated an art supply store and framing 

business, the "Bachelor of Arts Shop," in Coconut Grove. He laughed 

when I recounted my experience. 

"The fellow who mixed that palmetto green probably never saw a 

palmetto," said Bachelor, "and if he saw a palmetto he probably

14 TEQUESTA 

wouldn't know what he was looking at. No, you can't buy a true palmetto 

green in a paint store. Decide on the brand of paint you're going to use 

and bring me a gallon - white. We'll start from there." 

The completed pond became a wildlife center. 

I bought fifty gallons of white paint, in five-gallon cans, and one 

five-gallon can of rich brown paint. I took a can of white to Bachelor, 

along with a palmetto frond. From a shelf of paint colors he found 

chrome yellow medium, ultramarine blue, and burnt umber. First he 

tinted a gallon of white paint, working in the yellow and blue that he had 

dissolved in a little turpentine. The result was a raw bright green. Then 

he added burnt umber, winding up with a gray-green tone that matched 

the color of the palmetto leaf I had brought. Satisfied, Bachelor tinted 

the remaining four gallons. I took the paint home and painted over the 

store-bought palmetto green. The new color went with our woods 

perfectly. We couldn't have been more pleased. 

Since I had my job to go to five days a week, Evelyn wound up doing 

most of the painting, especially the exterior walls, as well as the eaves 

and trim. Karl cleaned up about the premises, and on my days off he and


I hauled soil in a trailer from the swale to grade about the house. As the 

work was completed, Karl sprigged centipede grass. Despite the 

quantity of work, we found time to clear an area ofjumbee trees in the 

swale that fall and plant a garden, growing more tomatoes, pole beans, 

sweetcorn and other vegetables that we could eat or give away. Looking 

back, it seems like a lot of work, especially with my job as a reporter on 

The Herald and getting out a Sunday gardening section, but we were 

young, healthy and enthusiastic. 

Furnishing our new house was a major problem. We previously had 

lived in a much smaller place on Biscayne Drive. Our furniture hardly 

made a show when we moved into the larger house. Moreover we 

discovered that just any furniture wouldn't do. Danish style furniture fit 

well, but we couldn't afford it. We were several years furnishing the 

house in a way that pleased us. Much of the furniture we had specially 

made, at half the price of Danish. A few pieces we bought at the Ramble, 

an annual benefit sponsored by the Fairchild Tropical Garden Association. 

Well-to-do persons often used the Ramble to get rid of furniture 

they had tired of, or which was no longer stylish, so we picked up some 

good pieces at prices we could afford. 

One of our best breaks was in the acquiring of art. We already had 

bought several paintings by Jean Jacques Pfister, a Swiss artist, whose 

unsold works were liquidated by court order after his death in order to 

settle his estate. Piled unframed on tables in a dusty room in a Coconut 

Grove building, the paintings proved difficult to sell, and finally the 

prices were reduced to five dollars and less. It was the steal of a lifetime 

and very uncomplimentary to an able artist. The experience in buying 

these pictures I recount in On the Beat and Offbeat, as I do how we 

acquired a favorite painting by Beanie Backus. The Backus picture, of 

an old house in picturesque decay, hung unsold for several years in the 

artist's studio because it didn't "look" like a Backus. We acquired the 

painting in 1951. It occupied a prominent place in our living room 

during the twenty-six years we lived at Montgomery Drive. 

The development of the grounds was a never-ending job. Our basic 

landscape design was accomplished through the removal of unwanted 

palmettos and the preservation of palmetto islands. Much care had to 

be exercised, for once palmettos were removed they could not be 

replanted. Karl and I, sometimes with the help of John Wesley, a black 

man raised in the Georgia cotton belt, did most of the work with the aid 

of a grubbing hoe. Only once did we employ a small bulldozer, but the 

careless operator did so much damage to the pines that we were fearful

16 TEQUESTA 

to bring in another machine. Wesley taught us the art of removing 

palmettos. The saw palmetto has a reclining trunk that runs along the 

top of the earth, anchoring itself every inch or so with fibrous roots, each 

one as strong as a manila rope of the same size. 

"You cut off the roots like you would cut off the legs of a centipede," 

said John. And he would chop along one side of a palmetto trunk with 

his grubbing hoe, then turn around and chop along the other side. When 

he got through he would lift the rootless trunk from the earth. "See?" 

he added, demonstrating how easy it was. 

Most of our planting of broadleaved trees, palms and shrubs was 

restricted to the property borders when we sought to create a screen 

between us, the streets and the rapid growing housing developments. In 

time our acreage began to take on a park-like atmosphere. And then is 

when the problems began. As new people moved into the neighborhood, 

our woods proved to be a charm that attracted both children and 

grownups - to play, to picnic, to ride horses, to search for firewood, to 

plunk at songbirds with BB guns or .22-caliber rifles, and even to cut the 

small pines for Christmas trees. Whenever we said anything, the reply 

was nearly always the same: "I didn't know anybody owned this 

property." I really think they failed to notice that the property, although 

partly wild, was also cultivated, with a screen of plants growing along 

the borders and lawn grass in the vistas between the clumps of palmettos. 

Up From the Sea 

Viewing the pine woods from our house, no one could have suspected 

that almost solid limestone lay just beneath the surface of the 

grass-covered vistas. It was a distinct formation - oolite - which 

geologists have given the local name of Miami Limestone. Only the 

swale, where the mixture of marly soil and sand was two to three feet 

deep, could you turn the soil to make a garden or dig a hole with a shovel. 

On the slopes rising gently from the swale, where the pines and 

palmettos grew, the surface was covered by a thin layer of sand and 

brittle weathered limerock. This layer could be removed with the aid 

of a grubbing hoe, but whenever we tried to dig a hole in the white 

limestone beneath, deep enough to set out even a small plant, it yielded 

only to a railroad pick and a back tempered by hard work. When we first 

moved to Montgomery Drive, I used dynamite to blow planting holes, 

usually half a stick to make a hole large enough for a small plant. In the


1950s you could buy dynamite, fuse and caps merely by signing your 

name. Having learned explosives in the Marine Corps, I used dynamite 

without fear of disastrous consequences. Although a great labor-saving 

device, I eventually had to give up its use after the area became 

populated and neighbors expressed concern about the detonations. 

Plants are unable to develop a taproot in limestone, as they may do 

in deep soil but must spread their roots in the thin mantle of loose, sandy 

material. Where this mantle is only an inch or two deep, thickening 

roots of trees may push to the surface, where they develop, snake-like, 

on top of the ground, becoming hazardous to a mower or to unsuspecting 

toes. The soil was so shallow about the pines in several places that 

I had to add topsoil every year or two, building up the ground about the 

exposed roots in order to mow the grass. With their roots firmly 

grasping the uneven surface of the limestone, however, pines are 

seldom toppled by hurricanes. They are more likely to have their trunks 

snapped. When a pine is blown down, its root system comes out of the 

ground as flat as the bottom of a pancake, revealing the white limestone 

beneath. 

Early settlers in Dade County referred to the limestone as "coral," 

which it is not. Coral is created under the sea by minute animals that 

separate calcium from the water to build their own skeletons. When 

these animals die, their skeletons remain in place, and new generations 

of reef-building animals grow upon them. This arrangement between 

the dead and the living results in the unusual patterns that form the 

beautiful coral reefs. The underwater John Pennekamp Coral Reef State 

Park is a living coral reef. Several of the upper Florida Keys are remains 

of ancient coral reefs, formed when the sea was higher than it is today. 

Miami Limestone owes its origin not to the activities of reef-building 

animals but to chemical and mechanical forces at play in sea water 

subjected to special conditions. When a boulder of Miami limestone is 

cross-sectioned, it has none of the beautiful patterns seen in sectioned 

coral, but is composed of limestone "sand" welded together. Examined 

closely, the individual grains resemble fish eggs in shape. Thus the 

name "oolite," a Greek word meaning egg-like. Miami limestone, or 

oolite, was formed a 100,000 years ago when the sea was 30 or 40 feet 

higher than today. Once a loose unstable oolite bar some 10 miles wide, 

it extended in a northeast-southwest direction for 50 miles - from just 

below present-day Fort Lauderdale to the interior of Everglades National 

Park. Upon being exposed by the receding sea, the bar became 

a consolidated ridge. The highest part of the ridge today is 25 feet above

18 TEQUESTA 

sea level. It extends 10 feet below sea level, where it rests on an older 

limestone foundation. 

The great bar that was the forerunner of the Miami limestone ridge 

was created in the turbulence generated by tides moving between the 

cool Gulf Stream and the shallow, warmer and highly saline area that 

is now the Everglades. In order to create a bar of such size- 500 square 

miles - the sea must have stood over the lower tip of Florida for 

thousands of years. Then, with a change in global weather conditions, 

ice began accumulating in the polar regions. The sea level gradually 

dropped, and tidal channels were cut through the loose bar. Meanwhile, 

as the sea retreated from the higher parts of the bar, percolating rain 

leached salt from the loose oolite and dissolved enough calcium from 

the individual grains to weld them together to form limestone. In time 

the sea dropped to its present level, leaving behind a ridge where today 

nearly two million people live. 

The contours of our five acres - the swale and sloping pineland on 

three sides - owe their origin to the action of a tidal channel that swept 

through the area while it was still a loose bar emerging from the sea. 

This channel extended south from ourproperty, across present Montgomery 

Drive and to the seashore, then less than a mile distant. Countless 

quantities of loose oolite were carried from either side of the channel 

by swift tidal currents and by eroding rains, actions that were accentuated 

as the sea level dropped. Then the mouth of the channel was closed 

off, perhaps by a great hurricane that washed up and left behind a ridge 

of oolite higher than the rest of the adjacent bar. As the sea level 

continued to drop, rainfall leached the sea water from the exposed ridge 

and dissolved enough lime to cement the individual grains of oolite together, 

leaving the swale closed off forever by a broad limestone dam. 

Beneath the Miami limestone ridge, as well as under all of southern 

Florida, are successively older formations of limestone, extending to a 

depth of more than fifteen thousand feet. The oldest formation exceeds 

one hundred and fifty million years in age, having been created at a time 

when giant reptiles battled for control of the earth's feeding grounds. Oil 

has been found near the twelve thousand foot level in Collier and 

Hendry counties, but wells sunk in Dade have been unproductive. Of 

much greatervalue than oil to growing southeast Florida is the enormous 

supply of fresh water stored in the more shallow, permeable limestone 

formations beneath the Everglades and beneath the Miami limestone 

ridge. This great reservoir depends on rainfall for replenishment. When 

the rainfall is below forty inches a year, the level of the reservoir may


become dangerously low. South Florida's fresh water supply was at one 

time thought to be inexhaustible, but drainage, land development and 

population growth have dispelled that illusion. 

At Montgomery Drive we drew both household water and irrigation 

water from wells sunk to 20 feet. Although the water was hard, 

containing considerable calcium, we drank it as it came from the well. 

We have never sampled better tasting water. 

I suspect that before drainage of the Everglades, with the consequent 

lowering of the water table, the swale was under water most of the rainy 

season. An old hunter remembered that the swale was covered by 

sawgrass before the First World War, when he shot marsh hens here. 

Remnants of alligator holes and wallows could be seen, he added; but 

even then the former occupants had disappeared. During the fall of 

1917, the hunter recalled, the sawgrass was burned off, the willows 

about alligator holes removed, and the dark soil turned for the planting 

of tomatoes. This, of course, proved fatal to the pristine ecology. 

Karl and I moved uncounted trailer loads of soil from the lowest part 

of the swale to fill in the rougher areas of the rocky slopes before grass 

could be planted. After it became obvious that we could hardly live long 

enough to complete the job with shovels and a trailer, we paid a 

contractor to bring in excavating equipment and dig a round pond some 

70 feet in diameter and four or five feet deep. The spoil was hauled by 

truck to the areas where Karl and I distributed it. The water level of the 

pond was the same as the ground water table, which varied from a foot 

above sea level at the driest time of the year to three feet above sea level 

during wet periods. So much rain fell during Hurricane Donna in 1960 

that the water table rose to 6.67 feet above sea level, as measured by the 

U.S. Geological Survey. Not only was the swale and lower adjacent 

slopes of the pine woods flooded, but water rose two feet overMontgomery 

Drive, halting automobile traffic. Because of the permeable 

limestone, however, the high water quickly flowed underground to the 

sea and within a couple of days traffic was again using Montgomery 

Drive. 

So permeable is the underground limestone that in normal times the 

pond level was affected by the ocean tide, although we were a mile from 

Biscayne Bay. A strong west or northwest wind, which lowered the 

level of Biscayne Bay along its western shore, likewise lowered the 

level of the pond, sometimes two to three inches, while a persistent fresh 

east wind raised the pond level the same amount.

20 TEQUESTA 

Living and developing a place in so unique a location among the 

Dade County pines was a fascinating experience, and I tried to share 

what I observed, learned, and thought with Miami Herald readers. It is 

through the preservation of those columns as well as from notes I kept 

that I am able to write this. The following is taken from a column: 

"Strolling through the woods in a leisurely way, I like to make myself 

aware of the physical and chemical elements at work and the roles they 

have played in the creation of this place, which only a few years ago was 

a small part of a wildemess covering much of the country. Each 

contributing element is a science in itself. First, there is the geology - 

the structure of the land, its elevation and history. There is the soil - 

the thin mantle over the limestone rock, created by the interplay of 

weathering, the decay of dead plants, and the physical and chemical 

activities of plant roots. There is the botany - the pines and the 

understory plants, including the underfoot things that grow and bloom 

without being seen unless you are particularly observant. There is the 

zoology - the microorganisms, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, 

and four-footed animals that live here. There is the weather, changing 

with the seasons, bringing sultry mornings and afternoon thundershowers 

in summer, sometimes tropical storms in August, September or 

October, then the usually dry, pleasantly cool days of late fall, winter, 

and early spring. 

"While my acquaintance with any of these sciences is superficial 

when compared with the knowledge of an expert, I have learned enough 

about them to appreciate their contribution to the landscape. And I also 

know enough about the ecology of the pine woods - the interrelationship 

of all the living things and nature's forces - to realize how easily 

the balance of nature is upset by mankind's best intentions as well as by 

his worst. But because of their subtlety and complexity, it is virtually 

impossible to observe the various forces actually playing their roles, 

even as you view the landscape every day with discerning eyes. At any 

moment of experience the human is too insensitive to see more than the 

flight of a bird, to hear the rasping of a cicada, or be aware of a falling 

leaf wrenched from a twig by a passing breeze. Perhaps it is enough for 

the non-scientist to know that the interplay of nature's forces is taking 

place, and has been taking place for thousands of years in order to create 

a pine forest, together with the adaptation of the countless living things, 

both plants and animals, associated with it." 

On another occasion I wrote that "sometimes as I walk through the 

pine woods, or while sitting idly on the breezeway late in the day,


martini in hand, I like to imagine how this place looked at the time it 

began emerging as a glistening white bar from the sea thousands of 

years ago. The sea birds, perhaps gulls, skimmers, sandpipers, and 

pelicans, must have been the first to set foot on the exposed oolite. In 

time, sea-borne seeds of strand plants were washed ashore to germinate, 

and, fertilized by bird droppings, established themselves. As the sea 

retreated, exposing more of the bar, rainfall leached out the salt, and 

highland plants tolerant to calcareous soil replaced the salt-tolerant 

strand plants, which, in turn, followed the edge of the retreating sea. 

Acids from decaying plant materials not only created a soil condition 

more desirable for plant growth in the limestone, but further dissolved 

calcium and hastened consolidation of the exposed bar. Life for those 

first plants must have been tenuous indeed. A few of the adapted species 

survived while the unadapted ones failed altogether. Through thousands 

of years this process of plant selection continued. Meanwhile the 

Florida slash pine and the saw palmetto moved southward down the 

peninsula, claiming land left by the retreating sea. The pine was not 

entirely adapted to the highly calcareous conditions of the limestone 

ridge, but, in the course of time a tolerant variety grew from the tens of 

millions of germinating seeds, and this one matured and produced seeds 

from which other limestone-tolerant pines grew. Today the Dade 

County slash pine is a distinct variety ofPinus elliotti, the most common 

tree of the Florida woods." 

While the pines and the saw palmettos were the dominating plants 

of our woods, countless other native species thrived here when we built 

in 1951. Many of the native pine woods/plants, however, are dependent 

on fire for survival. At one time the pine woods burned regularly. 

Lightning set fires before the Indian arrived. Although the fires burned 

the understory plants, new growth sprang from the durable underground 

stems. Soon the woods again were covered with green shrubs, grasses 

and a great variety of annual and perennial species. Older pines were 

unhurt, of course, while pine seedlings, although perhaps scorched, 

recovered to grow for a time without undue competition. 

When woods are protected from fire, understory plants and palmettos 

grow rampant. After a few years such a quantity of flammable 

material accumulates, principally pine needles and palmettos, that an 

accidental fire may produce enough heat to kill the largest pines. In the 

late 1960s neighborhood children, roasting wieners over a fire in the 

adjacent woods, let a wild fire get started that swept across the southeast 

corner of our property where the palmettos had grown head-high among

22 TEQUESTA 

the pines. Such a hot fire was created by the blazing palmettos and the 

accumulation of pine needles that flames shot to the tops of the trees, 

igniting a top-fire that leapt from tree to tree in angry, consuming fury. 

All the pines in this location were killed, much to our dismay. Only with 

the help of neighbors and the fire department was the fire prevented 

from leaping the swale and consuming the rest of our pine woods. 

After we first opened vistas among the pines by removing palmettos, 

we could see many small underfoot things in bloom at almost any 

time of the year. Then we planted centipede grass that covered the 

ground in a dense carpet and had to be mowed at intervals. In time most 

of the underfoot things gave up the struggle. Here and there we might 

see a few bright green leaves of the fern-like zamia poking through the 

grass, while among the rank palmettos nothing grew but weed trees such 

as Brazilian pepper, strangler fig and wax myrtle, which we removed. 

Our conservation-minded friends used to tell us that our place was 

"like a gem" because it had been left in a natural state. But although the 

place had a certain wild charm, in time it was no longer the natural 

landscape we found when we built. Thinking about the changes that 

occurred over the years, I wrote the following: 

"Our place has only the appearance of being natural. To say these 

acres are in their original condition would be misrepresenting the facts. 

The pines, if protected from fire and bulldozers, will survive us, and 

perhaps survive another generation of humans, but in time they will go. 

The saw palmettos already have lost their original character, and are 

becoming tall, spindly, and, from an aesthetic standpoint, are no longer 

completely pleasing. We find we are removing more and more 

palmettos, even entire clumps, with increasing frequency. For one 

thing, these large clumps are a dangerous fire hazard and sure death to 

the pines about which they stand if they become ignited. 

"Kindness to nature is not enough. You must know nature and 

understand its ways. What you may want yourself is of no concern to 

the wilderness. For the wilderness has its own laws, and these laws must 

be observed more strictly than mankind observes its own if the natural 

landscape is to survive." 

The Landscape 

When we moved to Montgomery Drive, I must confess I was under 

the influence of the late Dr. John C. Gifford, promoter of the "tropical 

subsistence homestead." I wouldn't want anyone to think I was naive


enough to believe it possible to subsist on the products grown on five 

acres. Still I respected the ideas of Professor Gifford, who preached 

"living on the land and using what you have at hand" to generations of 

students at the University of Miami who took his course in tropical 

forestry. 

I had become acquainted with Gifford in 1942, when we lived on 

Southwest 27th Avenue a few blocks from the Gifford home in Coconut 

Grove. Gifford taught me a great deal about tropical horticulture that 

was to play a role in my experiences at Montgomery Drive and in my 

writing. 

View from the screened porch. 

Although I reached 40 in 1951, the year we moved to Montgomery 

Drive, the spell Gifford had cast upon me remained. With a great 

expenditure of energy, I propagated and planted more than two dozen 

species of tropical fruits, together with a number of varieties of mangos, 

avocados and citrus. Twenty years later we have half that number. 

Many we became disenchanted with, not only because of their questionable 

quality, but also because of the poor health of the trees. Some failed 

to thrive, partly because of competition by the pines, partly because of 

the limestone soil or the climate. Some were attacked by diseases or 

insects, and we got tired of their ratty appearance. More interested in 

esthetics than food production, we got rid of the "cats and dogs," as 

Isabelle Krome, our friend from Homestead, described them.

24 TEQUESTA 

In the beginning we had a dozen mango varieties, but over the years 

eliminated several, winding up with the Haden, Zill, Irwin, Morris and 

Keitt. 

We grew a number of citrus varieties but found grapefruit to be 

superior in quality to the oranges and tangerines, and the grapefruit trees 

had a more healthy appearance because they were less susceptible to 

insects and diseases. 

Considering the cost and the problems of growing dooryard citrus, 

I thought then (and still do) that the South Florida home owner might 

do well to limit his citrus production to limes, preferably the key lime. 

When they are in season, you can find Persian limes in the supermarket. 

But key limes are seldom grown commercially and are rarely sold 

except at a roadside stand. Thomless varieties are propagated and sold 

by nurserymen, but some old-time Conchs in the Florida Keys insisted 

on planting seedlings, claiming they were better producers. Seedlings 

may have so many thorns that picking the fruit becomes a problem. We 

grew key limes not so much to use in drinks but for Evelyn to make key 

lime pie. 

Among our most successful fruit trees were the lychees and jaboticabas. 

Two lychee trees we planted in the early 1950s grew rapidly; and 

in a few years were about equal in size to any in Dade County. 

Unfortunately they only yielded crops every other year. When they did 

produce, we had bushels of colorful fruit. The jaboticaba was more 

dependable, bearing its grape-like fruit along its trunk and branches two 

to three times a year. A very slow grower, the jaboticaba requires 

several years to reach fruiting size. In its early life, if planted in 

limestone soil, it may require applications of chelated iron to prevent its 

leaves from yellowing. 

In the early years much of the development of the landscape 

consisted of clearing saw palmettos to create open areas about the house 

and vistas that carried the eyes into the distance. Usually this wasn't too 

difficult, since we knew before building what kind of effect we wanted. 

First, we cleared the palmettos in the immediate area about the house. 

Then we opened a broad vista extending southeast to the swale. Since 

we knew a street eventually would be built along the west property line 

behind the house, we removed virtually all the palmettos in the northwest 

area and began establishing what was to be a dense screen along 

the west and the north borders. This screen, of large shrubs, small trees, 

and cluster-type palms, proved to be as esthetically satisfying as it was 

effective in cutting out the view of passing cars. We later extended this


screen about the entire property. Between the back of our house and the 

screened borders was an area of about one-half acre in which we left 

only the pines. This open, uncluttered area proved to be very effective 

as the pines let in ample light for the centipede grass to thrive. 

If it can be arranged, it's nice to have a pleasing view from every 

window in the house. We found the views from the breezeway to be the 

most important, while the view from the window over Evelyn's kitchen 

sink was second only in importance. This window framed a view that 

drew your eyes into a vista through pines and past palmetto islands to 

the open green swale in the distance. Eventually Evelyn had the pond 

in her view. Over the years she witnessed the growth of a screen of 

plants we set behind the pond. But the most dramatic development was 

the growth of three massive, gray-leaved medemia palms from Madagascar, 

planted along the south and southeast border of the pond. 

Behind the pond, beyond the medemias, and taller, were several royal 

palms that raised their heads above the screen of plants to more than 30 

feet. Shifting her eyes to the right, her vision was stopped by a jungle 

of jumbee bean trees. But eventually a second colony of medemia 

palms, planted along Montgomery Drive, rose to tower over the jumbee 

trees. Both the medemia palms and the royal palms, which Karl and I 

set out in the early years, have stories behind them. 

In the 1940s only two medemia palms existed in South Florida, a 

female at the U.S. Plant Introduction Garden and a male at the Robert 

H. Montgomery estate. Each flowered, but being more than a mile 

apart, no offspring were produced. Early in the 1950s H. L. (Loo) 

Loomis, director of the Plant Introduction Garden, took a flower stalk 

from the male palm and hung it among the fronds of the flowering 

female palm, leaving the role of Cupid to the bees. The bees did their 

work well; several hundred pollinated female flowers produced viable 

seeds. These seeds were planted and, after germination, were set in 

individual containers. After dividing with the Montgomery estate and 

the Fairchild Garden, Loomis distributed the remainder to individuals 

who promised to grow them. I received three potted palms, together 

with several late-germinating seeds that Loomis planned to dump. The 

three potted plants Karl and I set out behind the pond. The plants from 

the germinating seeds were later planted in the swale along Montgomery 

Drive. Fifteen years later these mcdemia palms made a striking 

show for passing motorists as well as for us, on more than one occasion 

curious admirers stopped to ask the name of this "beautiful" palm and 

where plants could be obtained. I told them to become members of the

26 TEQUESTA 

Fairchild Tropical Garden Association, for I knew the botanical garden 

was growing a number of medemias that eventually would be distributed 

to members. When Harold E. Moore, Jr., palm authority of Cornell 

University, came to visit us, he looked for the medemia colony as a 

signal to slow down in order to turn into our entrance. 

The royal palms were grown from seeds collected in the Everglades 

National Park by Dan Beard while he was superintendent. They were 

planted in the moist swale behind the pond soon after we got settled in 

our new house. Twenty years later, visitors found it hard to believe we 

had planted these palms ourselves; from their height and diameter of the 

trunks the palms appeared to be at least half a century old. 

Upon moving to Montgomery Drive, in July, one of the first things 

we noted was the hot glare of the late afternoon sun upon our living room 

and breezeway. Shade was needed, the sooner the better. I got 

permission from Adolph Jordahn, superintendent of the Montgomery 

estate, to airlayer three six-foot-long branches of a rubber tree, or 

banyan, the same species (Ficus altissima) that forms a tunnel over Old 

Cutler Road just south of Cartagena Circle. To create a multipletrunked 

tree, of "instant banyan" in character, I dug a large hole with the 

help of dynamite and planted the three rooted branches together. With 

generous quantities of fertilizer and water, they grew rapidly. Within 

two years, they reached a height of 12 feet, while the trunks welded 

together characteristic of the banyan. Then we began to discover 

banyan roots 30 feet from the tree. Whenever we set out a plant nearby, 

the banyan's roots were soon there to compete for fertilizer and 

moisture. Although the banyan already was beginning to provide 

shade, its vigor and aggressive roots frightened us. While driving to and 

from work, I observed the giant rubber trees along Old Cutler Road, and 

my conclusions frightened me: our tree would grow to monstrous size 

in a few more years, spreading its great branches over our house and 

doing enormous damage with its powerful root system. We would 

surely have to remove it, or at least keep it severely pruned, at a cost 

greater than we could afford. So it was agreed that our little giant should 

be sacrificed. But what would we plant in its place? 

It so happened that Stanley Kiem, superintendent of the Fairchild 

Garden, had collected seed of Bucida macrostachys in British Honduras. 

About 40 plants were distributed to members of the Fairchild 

Garden, and we received one. This tree, a relative of the common bucida 

planted along parkways in the Miami area, was described by Stanley as 

a "desirable shade tree." Although rather odd shaped and scrubby, it had 

a unique individual character.


"Why don't we replace the banyan with Stanley's bucida?" Evelyn 

suggested. 

Agreeing, I chopped off the banyan at ground level - this usually 

kills rubber trees - and planted the bucida. A vigorous tree, it grew 

rapidly. But pruning was difficult because of the contrary and unpredictable 

way the tree shot out its impetuous, zigzagging branches. 

Moreover the branches were armed with sharp spines, which I had to 

contend with when later I climbed into the tree to do severe pruning of 

heady branches that decided the sky was the limit in their determined 

reach. Meanwhile the lower branches drooped so low that I had to tie 

them up with wire run through sections of old garden hose so that we 

could walk underneath. Meanwhile the tree grew rapidly, and late in the 

day when the sinking sun silhouetted the zigzagging branches, we 

looked out from the breezeway upon this tree with admiration - and 

especially did Evelyn who was responsible for its planting. 

William Lyman Phillips, right, was the landscape architect for 

Fairchild Gardens. 

While I was a director of the Fairchild Tropical Garden, we frequently 

had William Lyman Phillips, the Garden's landscape architect, 

for lunch. Working at the Garden was a part-time job for me, for I had 

to continue with my duties at The Miami Herald. Thursday was my full 

day at the Garden, and this was the day that Phillips dropped in-nearly 

always just before lunch. I would telephone Evelyn so she could plan

28 TEQUESTA 

for an extra person. Phillips and I would sit on the breezeway while 

Evelyn made last-minute preparations for lunch, he with a scotch and 

soda, I with a martini. If he was in the mood we talked. When Bill 

Phillips was not in the mood for conversation it was useless trying to 

force him. Then we contemplated the landscape in silence as we sipped 

our drinks. Phillips was erudite and very sensitive to the scene about 

him, but getting him to express his feelings was another matter. 

A graduate of the Harvard School of Landscape Architecture, Phillips 

assisted Fredrick Law Olmsted, Jr., to lay out the gardens of the 

Mountain Lake Sanctuary at Lake Wales. He designed the major Dade 

County parks as well as the Fairchild Garden. Previously he had drawn 

the plans for the City of Balboa in the Canal Zone and worked on the 

landscape planting of the American military cemeteries in France after 

the First World War. In France he fell in love with a French girl, Simone 

Guillot, and married her. She bore him two daughters, but she had died 

before we had a chance to know her. 

It was my hope to get some advice from Phillips that would be helpful 

in the design and planting of our grounds. I wanted to be able to say of 

some feature that "William Lyman Phillips suggested that." But I never 

got the slightest hint of advice from him, despite the countless times he 

ate with us. We did sometimes walk over the grounds, particularly 

during the pleasant, cool days of late fall or winter, but, although he 

appeared always to enjoy himself, he made no comment. If this seems 

strange, I hasten to say that I never heard Phillips make any comment 

about the plantings at the Fairchild Garden - except when a tree or a 

shrub was set in the wrong place. Then you heard from him. He would 

stop short, study the planting with an expression of surprise, disbelief 

and dismay on his face. "Who did that?" he would say in a dry tone, 

implying, "How could anyone be so stupid?" This got results. The 

offending plant was removed. 

When I asked his advice about a landscape problem at the Fairchild 

Garden, he might answer or he might not. But he never forgot, and 

eventually - perhaps weeks or months later - he would give me an 

answer. Once, in a hurry for a decision, I pressed him for an answer, but 

he kept putting me off. "I do think about it," he said on one occasion, 

"but nothing original or worthwhile comes to my mind." He did come 

up with a decision eventually. The only answer I ever got from him 

when I asked his advice about improving the landscape at Montgomery 

Drive was, "Well, I don't see anything wrong with things the way they 

are."


Phillips made only one positive comment about the place that I heard. 

We had invited a long-time friend of Phillips to lunch on a Thursday 

when we knew Phillips would be present. He was Ray Ward, engineer 

in charge of the plans and designs department of the Dade County Parks 

Department. Ward had a dry, sardonic sense of humor that Phillips 

liked. On the day, they each took a second drink while they talked and 

Phillips chuckled as we sat on the breezeway. While I was in the kitchen 

preparing a second round of drinks, they apparently fell to talking about 

the place, which Ward was seeing for the first time. As I returned 

through the living room I heard Ward say: 

"I think this place is unique." 

"Yes," replied Phillips, "I particularly like the palmetto islands." 

In the 1950s when the Dade County Parks Department adopted civil 

service for its employees, Phillips was given an opportunity to join civil 

service so that at 65, he would be eligible to retire on a pension, which 

was fast approaching. The offer was made because of his outstanding 

contributions to Dade County. 

"No, I don't think I want to join," he told Douglas Bames, director of 

county parks. Although Phillips had worked for the parks department 

since shortly after its inception in the 1930s, he had done so on a 

consulting basis rather than as a regular employee. "I don't want to 

punch a clock," he added. 

"But, Bill, you won't have to punch a clock," said Bames. "You don't 

have to make any changes at all in your routine." 

"No, I don't think I want to be in civil service," said Phillips, unconvinced. 

Later, I pressed Phillips for the reason he had turned down Bames' 

offer. 

"I didn't want to punch a clock," he replied. 

"But, Bill, Barnes told me you wouldn't have to punch a clock," I 

argued. 

"I would have felt like I should have done it, though, and that would 

have been even worse than going to the office every day and punching 

the idiot thing," he replied sharply, and in a way indicating he wanted 

to hear no more about the subject. 

We enjoyed Bill Phillips' company at lunch off and on for the seven 

years that I was director at the Fairchild Garden and for some time after. 

An avid reader, he frequently filled us in on some new, old or ancient 

author, commenting with wry humor and a chuckle about something 

that had caught his fancy in the author's work. On rare occasions he

30 TEQUESTA 

would quote a French author. Once I sought to guide him into talking 

about his experiences in France and of his meeting with Simone Guillot. 

This was a mistake, for he fell silent. 

As Phillips' health began declining we saw him less frequently, for 

he lived in North Miami, nearly 20 miles from Montgomery Drive, and 

he reached a point where he dreaded the long trip. Moreover, I was 

home only on weekends, and Phillips' routine, driving to the Fairchild 

Garden on Thursdays, talking for awhile about some landscape problem, 

then accompanying me home for lunch, had been broken. In the 

fall of 19661 was among newspapermen invited by the National Science 

Foundation to visit the Antarctic and write about what was happening 

at the bottom of the world. Shortly before I left, I visited Phillips. He 

was 81 then and in a nursing home. I could see that he had but a short 

time to live. I wrote his obituary before I left. Upon my return, one of 

the first things Evelyn said upon meeting me at the airport was: 

"Bill Phillips died while you were away." 

Old Friends, the Plants 

"Strolling among the trees, palms, and shrubs I have planted over the 

years is like associating with old friends," I wrote in 1973, the year of 

my retirement from The Herald. "Many of these plants date back to the 

early 1950s. One tree, a lysiloma, now sprawls for 75 feet, some of its 

branches so long they rest on the ground, elbow-like, in order to reach 

farther out. I collected seed of this tree at Paradise Key in the Everglades 

National Park during an outing with my family. Starting the seed in a 

small container, I worried a hole in the rock with the aid of a railroad 

pick and planted the small tree. The lysiloma - it is also called wild 

tamarind - is the grandchildren's climbing tree. In our walks, Evelyn 

and I sometimes pass under this tree, whose small leaves make lacy 

shadows. Both of us have remarked that from its appearance it might 

have been here a century. Yet we have seen it make its scrambling, 

undulating growth, taking on the gnarled and tortuous insinuations of 

old age, during the time we have lived here." 

A record book I kept of the plants acquired and planted over the years 

at Montgomery Drive has more than 300 entries. Many of them came 

from the Fairchild Tropical Garden, which distributes plants to its 

members each year. Quite a few were new to Florida at the time I


acquired them. Some were native, like the lysiloma. A good many were 

collected in the Bahamas where virtually all of Florida's tropical flora 

is repeated. A number came from friends or from other plant collectors 

with whom I made exchanges. Several came from the Montgomery 

estate or from the Kampong (David Fairchild's home). A few grew from 

seeds I collected in other parts of the world, particularly Central 

America which we visited frequently at one time. 

As I walked over the grounds, I passed plant after plant that recalled 

a person who was no longer around. One such plant was a slender, 

single-trunked palm that bore quantities of bright red fruit in large 

clusters. David Fairchild gave it to me as a small plant a couple of years 

before his death in 1954. Like so many of the plants I grew, this palm 

had no common name, such as, for instance, the coconut or the royal 

palm. Fairchild had attached a tag bearing the name of Ptychosperma 

elegans. 

"Take this palm home and plant it," he admonished. "Grow it and 

give the seeds to your friends." 

I took the palm home and planted it. In time it grew to ten feet tall. 

It was indeed like an old friend, recalling to a fascinating personality. 

"My old friends the plants are always the same, never changing in 

mood like people," I wrote. "And although they have chlorophyll rather 

than blood in their veins, they nevertheless are living things that react 

to the elements, in their way, the same as you and I. And, although they 

remain silent and motionless, except when a breeze passes through 

them, rippling their foliage and sometimes bending their branches, I am 

strongly attached to them, even more, I suppose, than I am to the birds 

and furry animals that live among them. Each species has its own 

personality, and, although I must admit having been as cruel as nature 

in their selection and cultivation, I have come to look upon them with 

respect as well as with wonder. The plants have become an ineluctable 

part of our lives. To leave here and have to give them up would be 

dismaying. I can't imagine living anywhere else in the contentment that 

I have experienced here. I know that some day I must leave them behind 

- if we have to move because of increasing taxes, because age makes 

it impossible to maintain the place, or if death intervenes. My hope is 

that the new owners will like the place and maintain the plants we have 

collected over the years and have watched grow into their present 

dimensions." 

Among the earliest names on the list of persons from whom I 

received plants is that of Adolph Jordahn, superintendent of the

32 TEQUESTA 

Montgomery estate. On January 19, 1953, I received from him four 

species of palms. The Thrinaxfloridana and Thrinax microcarpa were 

native to the Florida Keys. The others, Cocothrinax fragrans and 

Veichia winin, were introductions. (I use the names Jordahn gave me. 

Botanists have since changed some of the names.) Jordahn later gave 

Nixon Smiley working on the landscaping of his home, 1956. 

me a Veitchia montgomeryana, a newly discovered species which was 

named in honor of Colonel Montgomery, but it eventually was so badly 

damaged by a frost that it failed to recover. 

The plant I associate most with Jordahn was one grown from seeds 

I sent to him from Okinawa at the end of the Second World War. I had 

seen this small tree growing on the roadside outside Chimu, a small


village, in the spring of 1945. It was covered with flowers that 

resembled small apple blossoms, and after they were shed the tree was 

still attractive in its deep green foliage. In the fall of 1945, I stopped by 

this tree and found it loaded with ripening, pea-size fruits, each 

containing a single seed. Collecting several, I removed the pulp, put 

half a dozen seeds in an envelope and sent them to Jordahn. Upon 

returning home I called upon Jordahn, whom I found working among 

the orchids in the Montgomery greenhouses. He put aside his pipe to 

greet me then took me to another greenhouse where six healthy young 

plants were growing in individual pots. 

"These grew from the seeds you sent from Okinawa," he said, pleased 

with his success. "Every seed germinated." 

Eventually the plants were set out at the Montgomery place and at 

the Fairchild Garden. We still did not know the name because I had been 

unable to collect a botanical specimen from the original tree. When the 

first plant bloomed, I pressed and dried a specimen and sent it to the 

National Herbarium in Washington. The plant was identified as 

Raphiolepis indica, a small shrub of three or four feet in height that is 

widely grown in the United States as an ornamental. But the Okinawa 

plant continued to grow - to six feet, eight feet, ten feet. Eventually 

I sent a specimen to Dr. Richard Howard, director of the Arnold Arboretum 

at Harvard. He replied immediately, identifying the plant as 

Raphiolepis liukiuensis, the name by which the plant was later distributed 

by the Fairchild Garden to its members. This tree proved to be well 

adapted to limestone soil. We grew several from seeds and planted them 

along the borders at Montgomery Drive where they helped to make a 

tall, dense screen. But I don't believe I have seen any plant bloom so 

profusely as the small tree at Okinawa, which miraculously escaped the 

shelling and the bombing that riddled so much of the southern part of 

the island during the final major battle of the Second World War. 

Another native, the paradise tree (Simarouba glauca), was given me 

by Charlie Brookfield, National Audubon Society guide. I planted it 

near the northeast comer of the property, and it grew to 30 feet. A native 

of the Bahamas, West Indies and Central America, it is a common 

hammock tree in South Florida. It grows on Indian sites in Big Cypress 

Swamp. The fruit is rich in oil, which the Indians probably rendered by 

cooking in water and skimming the oil from the surface. Too bitter for 

most tongues, the oil may have been used by Indians as a protection 

against mosquitoes and sandflies. How the name "paradise tree" 

originated I have no idea; but its glossy, compound leaves and tall 

growth habit make it a handsome tree.

34 TEQUESTA 

In the early 1950s, Hal Moore returned from Cuba with seeds he had 

collected from a rare palm growing at Harvard University's Atkins 

Garden near Cienfuegos. We planted several seeds and grew a fine 

specimen near a comer of our bedroom. With its several slender green 

trunks resembling large bamboo, this cluster palm grew to 20 feet. The 

origin of this mysterious palm was never solved. No one, including Hal, 

was able to find it growing wild in any part of the world, nor was it 

mentioned in botanical literature. Many years ago a ship's physician, a 

Dr. Cabada, collected the seeds while on a voyage - to Madagascar, 

Hal believed. At the time of Cabada's death a fruiting specimen grew 

in his garden at Cienfuegos. The garden was neglected, however, and 

the palm might have been lost except for the interest of Robert M. Grey, 

director of Atkins Garden, who collected seeds from the unidentified 

species and planted them. Hal immediately recognized the palm as 

being in the genus Chrysalidocarpus, but the species was as much a 

mystery to him as it had been to Grey. Hal waited 10 years to describe 

the palm as a new species and give it a name, hoping that someone in 

the meantime would discover its nativity. Meanwhile the palm was 

widely planted in South Florida as the "Cabada palm." When Hal finally 

gave it a botanical name, he honored the physician who introduced it to 

cultivation by calling it Chrysalidocarpus cabadae. Unfortunately the 

Cabada palm proved susceptible to the lethal yellow disease, which 

wiped out most of the common coconuts of South Florida and a number 

of other palms. We lost our beautiful Cabada palm along with all our 

coconuts except the Malay variety which is resistant to the disease. 

One of our favorite small palms was the native Thrinaxfloridana, 

which grows abundantly in South Florida, the Bahamas and the West 

Indies. It is well adapted to limestone soil and to the warmer coastal 

areas and the keys. Once established, it requires no further attention-- 

no sprays for insects or diseases and no irrigation during the dry season. 

Its growth is slow; but in its early years it makes an excellent screen; and 

you are reluctant to see it grow taller, raising new fan-shaped leaves 

above the screening level as older lower leaves die. 

Bahama plants are particularly well adapted to South Florida because 

the soil and the climate of the two areas are similar. I grew 20 species 

of Bahama plants at Montgomery Drive, most of them collected by Dr. 

John Popenoe, who succeeded me as director of the Fairchild Garden. 

Once a Bahama plant is thoroughly established, it requires no further 

care, except a little fertilizer from time to time to promote growth.


One of the most wind-resistant plants I have ever seen is the Bahama 

silver palm, Coccothrinax argentata. It is an unbelievably tough palm. 

Once at Eleuthera during a northeaster, I saw the fronds of this slender 

palm whipped by a 50 m.p.h. gale like so many flags. After three days 

the wind suddenly stopped, and I was amazed to see how the fronds fell 

back into place and appeared to have suffered no injury whatever from 

the severe buffeting. This palm also is native to Florida, but only in the 

Florida Keys does it attain the height it does in the Bahamas. We had 

many of these native palms growing in our pine woods, but after a 

quarter-century they seemed no larger than when we moved to Montgomery 

Drive. The tallest trunk was under 18 inches. Twenty-foot specimens 

can be seen at Big Pine Key. I have wondered if the silver palm 

of the Dade County pine woods is a distinct variety. According to Hal 

Moore, it is botanically the same species as the silver palm of the 

Bahamas and the Florida Keys. 

Of the Bahama trees my favorite is the eugenia, whose small, dense 

evergreen foliage remains the same all year even during the long dry 

season of winter and spring. Several of the eugenias are native to 

Florida Indian sites. What did the Indians use them for? Were the 

aromatic leaves and fruit used in Indian medicine? As condiments? 

One of the most bizarre plants found anywhere is the spiny Bucida 

spinosa, sometimes called "bonsai tree." It is a relative of Bucida 

macrostachya but much smaller. Several years ago, Stanley Kiem and 

Gerard Pitt (the latter a plant collector and volunteer worker at the 

Fairchild Garden) found a large colony of this shrubby, oddly shaped 

tree growing along the rocky shore of a brackish lagoon near Freeport, 

Grand Bahama. Being in a low area, the trees were frequently flooded 

by high tide, attesting to their tolerance of salt water. Although varying 

greatly in form from tree to tree, even under natural conditions it 

develops a character like a Japanese bonsai. Once introduced to 

cultivation, it became immensely popular as a potted plant. But efforts 

to propagate the bucida from seed at first met with failure. The early 

introductions were confined to small plants that Pitt made special 

journeys to Grand Bahama to collect, following like a nursemaid 

through federal plant quarantine, then growing with delicate care in the 

Fairchild Garden's greenhouses. The entire lot of Pitt's plants were set 

out in two colonies in the lowland of the Garden, about the shore of a 

brackish lake. Here they thrived. Efforts to collect and germinate seed 

continued to prove a failure, but small plants did spring up beneath the 

established trees. In this way enough plants were collected and grown

36 TEQUESTA 

to distribute to Fairchild Garden members. I obtained one of the plants, 

but mine never got beyond a pot where its characteristic bonsai form 

discouraged us from parting with it for some outdoors location. 

In the mid-1950s while Leonard Brass, an Australian botanist and 

explorer, was collecting in New Guinea for Archbold Expeditions, he 

sent to the Fairchild Garden seeds of several palms new to botany. I was 

acting director of the Garden at the time, and I remember well how those 

seeds arrived - in packages of moist sphagnum moss, many of them 

having sprouted during the long journey. So clean were the seeds that 

federal plant quarantine passed them without fumigation. We lumped 

all the plants we grew from these seeds as "Brass palms," which 

otherwise were identified only by numbers - the FTG's accession 

numbers as well as by the Archbold Expedition's collecting numbers. 

Brass, of course, had collected and sent botanical specimens to other 

institutions, including Cornell University, with expedition numbers. 

The FTG did not at that time have a herbarium. According to the 

botanist's notes, most of the seeds had been collected in wet tropical 

forests. We rigged up sprinklers in the branches of a colony of live oaks, 

and, to further simulate wet tropical forest conditions, we covered the 

ground beneath the sprinklers with a thin blanket of leaf mold and wood 

chips. Here we planted half of the Brass palms, watering them from the 

overhead sprinklers. The remaining palms were planted in dissimilar 

situations. It so happened that all thrived, but those in our wet forest did 

best. As a result, we wound up with a "rain forest," a feature that is still 

one of the Garden's finest displays. 

In time, botanists got around to classifying and naming the Brass 

palms, among which was found a new genus that, appropriately, was 

named after the collector - Brassiophoenix. All of these New Guinea 

palms eventually fruited, and their offspring have been distributed 

among Fairchild Garden members. A Brassiophoenix drymophoeides 

grew just outside a window of my study, while another Brass palm, a 

then-unnamed Ptychosperma species, was planted near the north border 

of our property. Whenever I looked out a window to rest my eyes 

and relax my mind, my gaze often fell upon one or the other of these 

palms and I recalled the quiet, intelligent botanist. Brass, who worked 

at the Archbold Expeditions headquarters near Lake Placid, Florida, 

when not on collecting trips, became ill. He returned to Australia to be 

buried beside his deceased wife. The several fine "brass palms" he sent 

from New Guinea still thrive in South Florida gardens.


One family of plants I wanted to collect were the cycads, oldest 

survivors of the seed-producing plants, but I never got seriously 

involved with them except in the building of collections at the Fairchild 

Garden and at the Montgomery Foundation established at the Montgomery 

estate in 1959. During our early years at Montgomery Drive, we 

were interested mainly in plants that would provide screen, a lush 

tropical effect about the house and harmonize with the dominant natural 

landscape of pines and palmettos. I did manage to collect a few cycads 

but only in the later years that we lived there, not enough to say that I 

had anything like a collection. My prize cycad was a Dioon spinulosum 

from Mexico, given me in 1967 by Henry Coppinger, one of the rare 

personalities I met as a newspaperman. His father planted and maintained 

the gardens of Flagler's Royal Palm Hotel, built in 1896 in 

downtown Miami. The elder Coppinger later opened a tourist attraction 

on the Miami River where visitors strolled through lush tropical 

gardens, viewed caged native wildlife and gazed at a family of Seminoles 

living in an open chickee. 

Here Henry Coppinger grew up, working with the plants, which he 

loved, and caring for the wildlife, including a pen of alligators. In his 

early teens he got the idea of wrestling alligators as a possible tourist 

attraction. Observing that an alligator grew about a foot in length each 

year, he began wrestling a four-footer, and continued to wrestle it as it 

grew to five, six and seven feet long. Tourists loved the show, and 

Coppinger began making national tours as the "alligator boy from 

Miami." By this time he was no longer wrestling a "tame" alligator. He 

would go into a lake, creek, tank or swimming pool after the wildest 

kind of 'gator, so long as the reptile was no longer than eight feet. As 

he grew older, the public forgot his exploits, and most people assumed 

the Seminoles developed the art of alligator wrestling. Coppinger 

taught Seminole youths to wrestle alligators and the Indians have been 

wrestling ever since. 

When I met him, Henry Coppinger was in his upper 70s, living a 

couple of miles south of us on Old Cutler Road. With his alligator 

wrestling days behind him, he spent most of his time working among his 

plant collection, mainly cycads, that he had spent years developing. 

One day I dropped in to see Coppinger. After some embarrassment, he 

got out his scrapbooks and began showing me the write-ups he had 

received, including one by Grantland Rice in Old Collier's magazine. 

Coppinger couldn't have been happier when an article about him came 

out in The Herald. Having remembered that I showed an interest in a

fine cycad - a Dioon spinulosum growing in a large tub - he loaded 

it on his pickup truck and delivered it to me. 

This cycad was one of the most striking plants on our five acres. 

Whenever I passed it, I was likely to think of Henry Coppinger, forever 

smoking a cigar as he worked in his jungle of plants, growing in tubs or 

in halves of oil drums. I also thought about the history of the cycad 

family, which covered much of the earth during the time of the 

dinosaurs, pterodactyls and other incredible reptiles. Somehow it made 

me feel that collecting cycads and wrestling reptilian alligators was 

esthetically right. 

Even at his age, Coppinger was a singular man. Day after day, he 

worked among his collection of cycads and other plants with amazing 

energy and unstinted devotion. While I liked plants, I sought to use 

them not so much as individual "collector's items" but as an integral part 

of a unified landscape, an effect I sought to achieve at Montgomery 

Drive. 

To Be Continued

The Carver Village 

Controversy 

By Teresa Lenox 

Restricted to designated areas, Miami's growing black community 

had little choice in where they could purchase land, build a home, or rent 

a decent apartment. In 1951, the pressure of population expansion 

finally broke the rigid barriers of segregation in Miami. Acts of 

violence and terrorism followed. 

In the early morning of September 22, 1951, thunderous dynamite 

blasts tore gaping holes in the walls and foundation of Carver Village, 

an apartment complex located in the Edison Center section of Miami.' 

For months, Carver Village had been the center of an emotional and 

controversial issue--black integration of a white neighborhood. 

Housing in Miami's black community had been a serious problem 

for several years in Miami. Twice in 1951 citizens voted overwhelmingly 

for slum clearance and public housing. Everyone agreed that 

something had to be done about the deplorable conditions in the black 

neighborhood. 2 The largest of the ghettos, the Central Negro District, 

housed approximately 37,000 blacks in 136 residential blocks. Most of 

the residents did without electricity, running water, and garbage collection, 

creating conditions ripe for contagious diseases. 3 The slums had 

to be cleared and public housing provided for the displaced residents. 

On this issue blacks and whites agreed. Yet, no one could agree on 

where to locate the new black housing project. 4 

One black housing project had been built in 1937. Located in Edison 

Center, the Liberty Square project had been heralded as the largest 

housing project in the south and the most beautiful in the country. 

However, Liberty Square was surrounded by a six-foot stone wall. 5 The 

Teresa Lenox is Research Historian for Metro-Dade Division of Historic 

Preservation, a partner in the historical consulting firm of Research 

Atlantica, and a graduate student at Florida Atlantic University.

40 TEQUESTA 

wall, a physical and mental barrier, stood as a reminder to blacks to keep 

out of the white areas. For the black community, the wall became a 

source of tension. For the whites, it stood as a safeguard against blacks 

invading their neighborhood. That was all soon to change. 6 

Malcolm Wiseheart and John Bouvier had built two private housing 

projects in Edison Center; one black project inside the wall and one 

white project on the other side. Units in the black project filled quickly 

while units in the white project, known as Knight Manor, remained half 

empty. Realizing the need for black housing, Wiseheart and Bouvier 

renamed 216 units Carver Village and opened them to blacks in June of 

1951. This decision tore down the barrier of segregation and began a 

wave of terrorism that brought shame to the city and citizens of Miami. 7 

In 1951, Miamians voted twice for slum clearance and public 

housing. 

News of the owner's decision to rent to blacks spread quickly through 

Knight Manor. The white residents immediately formed the Dade 

County Property Owner's Association. They retained attorney William 

J. Pruitt to help keep blacks out of Knight Manor. Led by Ira David 

Hawthorne, the Property Owner's Association met with the Miami City 

Commission several times to plead for help with their problem. The 

commissioners, however, understood that something had to be done 

about the shortage of black housing and refused to help the association. 

Shocked by the City Commission's decision, citizens and residents took 

matters into their own hands. 8


On July 14th the Ku Klux Klan distributed hate literature and burned 

giant letter Ks in four locations around Carver Village. The campaign 

escalated when Knight Manor residents organized an "Indignation 

Meeting" and "Mammoth Motorcade" to demonstrate white supremacy. 

After the meeting, cars filled with whites circled Carver Village 

honking horns and flashing search lights. During the motorcade an 

employee of The Miami Daily News shot and wounded a black man. 9 

Mr. Daniel Francis, a long-time resident of the area, recalled that 

during more than one motorcade whites threw rocks at windows in 

Carver Village. Whites also posted signs and patrolled the area during 

the summer, warning blacks of trouble if they moved into Carver 

Village. Tensions rose to fevered pitch when reports surfaced that 76 

units of Carver Village had been sold to black project managers George 

Bubee and Stanley Sweeting. ' 

1 

All efforts by the white community to keep blacks out of Carver 

Village failed. The first blacks moved in during the week of August 11. 

In September, David Hawthorne, of the Property Owners' Association, 

again went to the City Commission to ask for help. This time he 

requested that the city secure Carver Village through negotiations or 

condemnation. Hawthorne believed this would end the tension and he 

had little problem convincing the commissioners. Before a packed 

meeting, commissioner Louie Bandel offered the motion to begin 

negotiations "to condemn buildings at Carver Village...and to acquire 

them by eminent domain for municipal purposes other than public 

housing." Bandel also went on record stating that this resolution would 

not be a permanent solution to the problem. Earlier during the meeting 

Commissioner Perrine Palmer asked Hawthorne what would prevent 

the owners from allowing Blacks to rent their property east of Carver 

Village. Hawthorne assured Palmer that whites already occupied those 

units. Unconvinced, Commissioner Palmer offered an amendment to 

the resolution--the city acquire the entire project owned by Wiseheart 

and Bouvier. This suggestion received thunderous applause from the 

audience. Bandel refused to accept the amendment." 

At this point, the meeting turned into a political battlefield. When 

Bandel refused to accept the amendment, Palmer accused him of "trying 

to fool these people, because the election is close..." He went on: "I am 

going to second Mr. Bandel's resolution with my tongue in my cheek..." 

With this, Bandel retorted, "You are determined to beat me in the 

election...I welcome your opposition." The resolution passed four to 

one. The City of Miami would acquire, through condemnation, Carver

42 TEQUESTA 

Village and the units would be used as fire and police sub-stations and 

office space for the city's sewage disposal project.12 

The commission's decision to condemn Carver Village only added 

more tension to the situation. The Miami Daily News called the decision 

"a vote-getter, no more and no less." Everyone seemed to agree that 

making Carver Village out-of-bounds for blacks did nothing to solve 

the real issue. As one black man put it, "Negroes went out to Edison 

Center not to make trouble... They went out there so they could live in 

clean apartments with little yards around them. You don't see much of 

that in Negro town." 13 

Some citizens were outraged at the commission's decision. Attorney 

Victor Levine, referred to the decision as an "extravagant squandering 

of tax funds." As a taxpayer, Levine filed a suit to halt the condemnation 

proceedings. After all, the cost of acquiring Carver Village exceeded 

Miami's Treasury by $1.3 million. 14 

The situation literally exploded on September 22, 1951. At 2:15 a.m., 

two 100-pound boxes of dynamite ripped two holes into the walls of an 

untenanted building in Carver Village. The dynamite shattered windows, 

twisted doors off their hinges, and ripped off the roof. Police 

estimated the damage to be in excess of $200,000. A third box 

containing 80 sticks of dynamite failed to detonate. The blasts shook 

the whole Northwest section of Miami. Dan Francis, who lived a few 

blocks away, grabbed his shotgun and headed for Carver Village. "You 

see," he stated, "I knew what had happened." A large group of blacks 

and whites gathered around Carver Village, but the newspapers reported 

no other disturbances. The Miami Police Department followed 

several leads to no avail. 15 

As police kept guard, an uneasy quiet prevailed at Carver Village. 

City Attorney John W. Watson drafted a letter to the Assistant U. S. 

Attorney, Fred Botts, asking an opinion on the legality of a declaration 

of a state of emergency "in view of civil rights statutes."16 Except for 

alarming area residents, the bombing of Carver Village "aroused no 

serious public reaction." 17 David Hawthorne asked the City Commission 

to vacate the Negroes from Carver Village; they refused his 

request, stating no law existed by which they could be evicted. After a 

few weeks Wiseheart and Bouvier hired a night-watchman to patrol 

Knight Manor and the police removed their guards.' 8 

In spite of increased purchases of arms and ammunition by whites, 

the month of October saw no disturbances at Carver Village. The 

dynamiting, however, continued. Three times during the month of


October, Jewish synagogues and schools were blasted. Miami Police 

Chief Walter Headley saw no connection between these bombings and 

the Carver Village bombing. He perceived the blasts at Carver Village 

as the work of professionals, while the bombings of the synagogues 

appeared amateurish. The police chief said, "the explosions were 

Communist-inspired to incite racial hatred." 19 

Police inspect Carver village after bombing, 1951. 

A writer for The Nation magazine saw it differently. "The Ku Klux 

Klan," he wrote, "have long used terror to keep Negroes inside the 

ghettos assigned to them, and their program for exploiting any minority 

has included anti-Semitism." He went on to cite Miami's long history 

with the Klan and police support given the organization. 20 David 

Hawthorne went so far as to accuse Blacks of the bombings in order to 

receive Jewish support. 21 Indignant over the bombing of their synagogues, 

the Jewish community united with the black community to 

demand a stop to these acts of violence.

44 TEQUESTA 

On November 30th at 2:12 a.m. a second blast rocked Carver Village, 

totally demolishing two units. The culprits again placed the dynamite 

in an untenanted building, suggesting that they did not want to kill but 

only intimidate. Mrs. Senecheria, the wife of Miami's new mayor, told 

reporters that she had received a threatening phone call. The caller told 

her "to get the Negroes out or we'll blow the whole place apart." The 

night watchman, employed by Bouvier and Wiseheart, had driven past 

the complex just a few moments prior to the blast and saw "nothing out 

of the ordinary." A bomb expert from Chicago, in Miami to aid local 

officials, sorted through the debris, but found little evidence. Police 

Chief Headley insisted the explosion was "an attempt [by the Communists] 

to create racial discord." 22 

Black leaders accused the Miami police of not doing enough to halt 

the bombings. Outraged, Miamians demanded a stop to the violence 

that swept their resort city. The dust had barely settled from the last 

explosion when, on December 2nd, three more bombs exploded. The 

first blast hit Carver Village at 3:57 a.m., but caused no damage. The 

second blast thirty minutes later shattered the windows of a Jewish 

synagogue. The third bomb exploded harmlessly at 5 a.m. in a 

southwest residential area. 23 

Finally, spurred into action, Governor Fuller Warren dispatched 

Adjutant General Mark Lance of the Florida National Guard to Miami 

to study the situation. The Governor also sent an investigator from his 

office to assist local officials in their investigations. Miami police 

believed the bombings on December 2 to be the work of pranksters. 

Regardless of who was responsible, the citizens of Miami were frightened 

and ashamed. Jewish and black leaders met with the city and 

county commissions to plead for an end to the bombings. The Committee 

Against Bombing, a Jewish group headed by Bumett Roth, offered 

the Miami City Commission a plan to end the violence. Their plan 

called for F.B.I. intervention, regulated dynamite sales, and a $5,000 

reward for the capture of those responsible for the recent atrocities. 24 

A newly elected city commission met on December 5. Guarded by 

six policemen and four detectives, the commissioners took several 

actions to help end the wave of bombings. In order to attack what they 

felt to be the basic problem, the commission passed an emergency 

measure to obtain additional low-cost housing and federally financed 

slum clearance. To get the slum clearance underway as soon as 

possible, they passed a resolution asking the Miami Housing Authority 

to acquire Knight Manor, Carver Village, and the adjacent vacant land


(also owned by Bouvier and Wiseheart) to be used for a low-cost 

housing project. 25 The previous commission had recommended the 

purchase of only Carver Village. This change in decision suggests that 

Miami city officials were ready to do something about housing the black 

community. 

At the meeting, speaking on behalf of the property owners of Edison 

Center, David Hawthorne stated, "It is unfair for the authorities to 

uphold this situation since these colored people have not invested the 

first dime in this white section." Mr. Hawthorne recommended that the 

commission declare an emergency and clear Carver Village of all its 

residents. The commissioners had no comment. 26 

The commission also passed three specific resolutions in response to 

the bombings. First, they offered a $3,000 reward for the apprehension 

of the criminals responsible for the bombings. Second, they created a 

$5,000 fund for the police department to pay for overtime relating to the 

bombings. Third, they passed an ordinance regulating the sale and use 

of dynamite in Miami. All of the commission's decisions passed 

unanimously. 27 

Miami received some unwanted national attention after the December 

2 bombings. The Justice Department began a study as requested by the 

Anti-Defamation League. 28 Representative Louis B. Heller, a Democrat 

from New York, said that if the Justice Department did not push the 

inquiry immediately, he would introduce a severe bill to curb such 

action "against racial and religious groups, their property and institutions." 

29 Heller also wrote a letter to Florida's Attorney General, J. 

Howard McGrath, urging him to find the culprits of this "wave of 

vandalism" and bring them to justice before the violence spread to other 

communities. 30 

The violence did spread into a north Florida community. On the night 

of December 25, 1951, a bomb exploded beneath the home of the 

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's leader, 

Harry T. Moore. Moore died enroute to the hospital; his wife was 

critically injured. At first, some officials believed the bomb-murder of 

Harry Moore to be linked with the Miami bombings. 31 This could never 

be proven. However, the thread of hatred, bigotry, and violence had 

been woven into all of these incidences. 

The murder of Harry Moore brought swarms of F.B.I. agents into 

Florida. On January 8, 1952, Attorney General Howard McGrath 

widened the F.B.I. investigations to the bombings in Miami. Meanwhile, 

the national director of the Anti-Defamation League, Benjamin

46 TEQUESTA 

Epstein, met with Governor Warren to confer about a statewide program 

to halt the violence. Epstein recommended a survey of local areas 

to determine racial or religious tension and a project, at the community 

level, to combat the "basic issues of racial and religious hatreds." 32 

On November 30th, Carver Village was bombed for a second time. 

As February approached, with no further bombings reported, Miamians 

began to calm down. But, the recent violence had not been 

forgotten. F.B.I. agents continued their investigations while officials 

laid the groundwork for a proposed Dade County Council on Community 

Relations. The Council, composed of leading white and Black 

Miami citizens, set as its objective a community-wide effort to better


relations between racial and religious groups. In New York, The 

Americans Protesting Florida Terror suggested an "Americanism" 

educational program for Florida." In Washington, D.C., Representative 

Heller proposed a federal law carrying a penalty of death for acts 

of violence inspired by racial or religious prejudice. In addition, 

Senator H. Alexander Smith of New Jersey asked for an immediate 

report by the F.B.I. on the recent wave of terrorism in Florida and for 

a determination by the Justice Department on the adequacy of federal 

laws. 34 

Finally, on October 6, 1952, over a year after the first bomb was set, 

Attorney General James P. McGranery asked a federal grand jury to 

review the evidence gathered by the F.B.I. concerning Carver Village 

bombings. McGranery stated that he believed "there have been violations 

of the Civil Rights statutes...and other federal laws." 35 The jury 

thought that the testimony on Carver Village would take approximately 

three weeks. The first witnesses to testify were the F.B.I. agents who 

had investigated the possible civil rights violations at Carver Village. 

The jury also ordered twelve other witnesses to produce all records of 

the John B. Gordon Klavem of the Ku Klux Klan in Hialeah. On 

December 9, two months later, the federal grand jury returned indictments 

against fourpeople; three men and a woman: William G. Orwick 

Harvey G. DeRosier, Arthur F. Udgreen, and Mrs. Helen Russell. AL 

four surrendered to federal authorities after being indicted for pel 

jury. 36 

The grand jury charged William Orwick, a linotype operator i 

Miami, on two counts of making false statements pursuant to th 

Federal Employees Loyalty Program and to the provisions of thi 

National Security Act of 1947. Orwick told F.B.I. agent Melvin Jett 

that he had not been a member of the Ku Klux Klan since 1946 and that 

he had no knowledge that Sports, Inc., in Hialeah, was used as a front 

for John B. Gordon's Klavem. Investigators showed that Orwick had 

been a member of the Klan during the years 1950 and 1951 and that he 

also knew Sports, Inc., to be a Klan meeting place, because he hao 

attended regular meetings there. 37 

The indictment against Harvey G. DeRosier, a Post Office employee, 

stated that he had given false statements to the Postal Loyalty 

Board. Apparently the Loyalty Board learned that DeRosier had beer 

a member of the John B. Gordon Klavem, and that through his job at the 

Post Office, had been assembling information concerning organizations 

opposed to the Klan. DeRosier denied membership in the Klan,

48 TEQUESTA 

saying that he had resigned in 1950 when he learned the nature of Sports, 

Inc. The jury charged that DeRoser had not resigned but, in fact, had 

been installed as Klan Kludd (chaplain) in January of 1951. 38 

In response to the bombings, in 1953, the Florida Legislature 

passed legislation to control the sale of dynamite. 

Arthur Udgreen, a Miami laborer, was charged with one count of 

making false statements to the F.B.I. Udgreen told F.B.I. agents that he 

had not taken part in any Klan activities. The indictment states that he 

participated in the Miami burnings on July 14,1951. 39 

Mrs. Helen Russell, a 55-year-old resident of Edison Center, was 

charged with perjury. She denied under oath that she had met with a


committee of Klansmen to discuss ways of preventing blacks from 

moving into Carver Village and had requested the assistance of the 

Klan. The jury also reported that as vice president of the Edison Center 

Civic Association, Helen Russell organized the protest motorcade in 

Edison Center during the summer of 1951.40 To reporters, Mrs. Russell 

replied, "I've never lied in my life...I've got a daughter and a fine 

husband. I've never even been in traffic court." 41 

The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Grand Jury had reason to 

believe that the John B. Gordon Klan had something to do with the wave 

of violence that shook Miami between September and December, 1951. 

Despite months of investigation and 3,200 pages of testimony taken in 

connection with the bombings of Carver Village, thejury never indicted 

any one of the bombers. The jury said in its defense, "Dynamite leaves 

no traces, making crimes difficult to solve." 42 Jurists criticized the 

absence of laws dealing with the purchase of dynamite and recommended 

tighter controls. In addition, the jurors pointed to "the Negro 

housing problem in Miami," stating that the Carver Village bombings 

demonstrated "the urgent need for slum clearance and adequate housings." 

43 Referring to the Ku Klux Klan, the jury said, "It is a cancerous 

growth...a foul pollution in the body politic...[and] is founded on the 

worst instincts of mankind." 44 

Testimony concerning Carver Village continued until March, 1953. 

Then, suddenly, the jury swung the spotlight to the murder of Harry 

Moore. In its investigation, the F.B.I. uncovered a "reign of terror" in 

Florida that covered a three- to- four year period. In Miami, the Carver 

Village and synagogue bombings led the incidences cited. The jury also 

discovered that the home of a black woman, Maime Woodward, had 

been burned to the ground in 1947 because it was located within a white 

residential area. Most of the violence had taken place in central Florida. 

In June, 1953, the Grand Jury indicted six men on counts of perjury. 

Reportedly, these men had denied under oath that they had been 

members of the Ku Klux Klan or that they had taken part in a series of 

violent acts in central Florida from 1949 to 1952. 45 

Though the Grand Jury insinuated that the Ku Klux Klan was involved 

in the bombings of Carver Village, they could never prove it. So, 

instead, the jury and everyone else came to the same conclusion, that the 

bombings of Carver Village had been caused by the failure of the City 

of Miami and its officials to provide adequate housing for the Black 

community. Though the jurors attempted, in their feeble way, to 

chastise the community for its failings, they failed to point out the

50 TEQUESTA 

inequity of keeping blacks in segregated areas. No one saw, except 

perhaps the black community, that they had a right to decent housing no 

matter where it might be located. 

In October, 1952, Bouvier and Wiseheart opened more apartments 

in Knight Manor to blacks. The Miami City Commission rescinded its 

resolution of December 5, 1951, to acquire Bouvier and Wiseheart's 

vacant property near Carver Village. Instead, they changed the property's 

zoning from residential to industrial. Erection of any more 

housing in the Carver Village area had been blocked. The Miami 

Housing Authority said it would acquire "the development for white 

public housing, but only if new areas are designated for Negro housing."46 

Today, if you ride by Carver Village it shows no signs of having 

been the site of some of Miami's most extreme racial violence. The 

Miami Housing Authority never took over the disputed complex. John 

Bouvier became the sole owner after Malcolm Wiseheart's death. 47 

Carver Village appears clean and well-kept. Potted flowers sit outside 

and young children play on the manicured lawn. However, something 

is missing. There are no white faces to be seen. After the bombings, 

black families continued to move in and the whites slowly moved out. 

Only remnants of the six-foot stone wall that once surrounded Liberty 

Square remain. Perhaps the remnants remain as a reminder to the black 

community of the hardships they underwent just to find a decent place 

to live. 

FOOTNOTES 

1. Miami Daily News, 22 September 1951. 

2. Miami Daily News, 17 October 1951. 

3. David Gillogly and Reinhold Wolff. "Housing in the Miami 

Area: Effects of the Postwar Building Boom" (Miami: Bureau of Business and 

Economic Research, University of Miami, 1951), 12. 

4. New York Times, 1 January 1952. 

5. James E. Scott. "Miami's Liberty Square Project," The Crisis, 49 (March, 

1949), 87. 

6. Daniel Francis interview with author, Miami, Florida, 17 November 

1987. 

7. Charles Abrams. Forbidden Neighbors. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 

1955), 123. 

8. Stetson Kennedy. "Miami: Anteroom to Fascism," The Nation, (December 

22. 1951), 546; Abrams, Forbidden Neighbors, 123; City of Miami 

Commission meeting minutes, 5 December 1951.


9. Miami Herald, 14 July 1951; Abrams, Forbidden Neighbors, 123. 

10. Francis interview 

11. Miami Times, 11 August 1951; City of Miami Commission minutes, 19 

September 1951. 

12. City of Miami Commission minutes, 19 September 1951. 

14. Ibid.; Abrams, Forbidden Neighbors, 125 

15. Miami Daily News, 22 September 1951; Francis interview 1987, Miami 

Daily News, 24, September 1951. 

16 New York Times, 23 September 1951 

17. Kennedy, "Fascism," 547. 

18. Miami Times, 29 September 1951. 

19. Kennedy, "Fascism,"547; Miami Daily News, 1, 9, 15, October 1951.; 

New York Times, 1 January 1952. 

20. Kennedy, "Fascism," 547 

21. City Commission minutes, 5 December 1951. 

22. Miami Daily News, 30 November 1951. 

23. Ibid. 

24. Ibid. 

25. City Commission minutes, 5 December 1951. 

26. Ibid. 

27. Ibid. 

28. New York Times, 4 December 1951. 


30. New York Times, 9 December 1951 

31. Miami Daily News, 26 December 1951; Miami Herald, 26 December 

1951; New York Times, 27 December 1951. 

32. New York Times, 9 January 1952.; New York Times, 31 December 1951. 

33. New York Times, 3 February 1952 

34. New York Times, 9 February 1952.; New York Times, 15 February 1952. 

35. New York Times, 5 October 1952 

36. New York Times, 11 December 1952; United States District Court. 

United States of America vs. William G. Orwick (Miami: Southern District, 

1954), Case 8363-m-Cr. The Federal Employee's Loyalty Program was 

established for the purpose of eliminating employees of the U. S. Government 

who were disloyal. Membership in any organization designated by the 

Attorney General to be subversive was in violation of the Loyalty Program. 

38. United States of America vs. Harvey G. DeRosier (Miami: Southern 

District, 1954), Case 8760-m-Cr. 


40. "First Fruits" Time (December 22, 1952), 18. 

41. New York Times, 26 March 1953. 

42. Miami Herald, 26 March 1953. 

43. New York Times, 26 March 1953.; Miami Herald, 26 March 1953. 

44. New York Times, 26 March 1953 

45. Miami Herald, 3 March 1953.; Miami Herald, 4 June 1952. 

46. Miami Herald, 7 January 1953.; Miami Herald, 6 March 1953. 

47. Donald Skoglund interview with author, Miami, Florida, 3 November 

1987.


Source Document

Among the Farmers 

By Howard Kleinberg 

When Charles Featherly began his 1898 trek throughout South 

Florida in a journalistic census of the area's farmers, he identified 

sections that today are unfamiliar to us. 

His series of articles in the Miami Metropolis not only serves as a 

valuable document in the sense of South Florida's fruit and vegetable 

growing industry but also plays a role in filling in pieces of area's 

history. 

In two previous articles (Tequesta XLVIII-1988 and Tequesta XLIX 

1989), Featherly covered the farmed land around the Miami River, 

Cocoanut Grove, Alapattah Prairie, Lemon City, Little River, and 

Biscayne, the latter being the vicinity of today's Miami Shores. 

In his third article, he moved north. He introduced his readers to 

places such as the Halland Prairie, which we now know as Hallandale, 

and Modello, which became Dania. He also ventured around Big and 

Little Snake Creeks, which is the general vicinity of today's North 

Miami Beach. 

Of particular curiosity was an area he identified as Orange Ridge. 

Some of Miami's premier pioneers, including first mayor John Reilly 

and Joseph McDonald, were recorded by Featherly as growing citrus at 

Orange Ridge. A check of area history books, ranging from Dr. Thelma 

Peters' 1981 Biscayne Country and 1976 Lemon City to E.V. Blackman's 

1921 Miami and Dade County, Florida failed to make any 

mention of Orange Ridge. 

Issues of the weekly Miami Metropolis occasionally carried articles 

about the citrus-oriented settlement, but the articles appeared to cease 

with the start of 1899. 

Howard Kleinberg is a Miami based syndicated columnist

54 TEQUESTA 

After much scanning it was found in the March 11, 1898, issue. 

"Orange Ridge is a new settlement, situated three miles west 

of Lemon City, and was a forest three months ago," the 

unnamed Metropolis correspondent reported. The correspondent 

then wrote that he, J.W. Ives and E.L. Morse, 

"started out from Miami, September 15, 1897, and commenced 

making a road leading from the northeast comer of 

John Watkins' homestead one mile west from the middle of 

Section 15 [township 53-41], thence north one mile, which 

gives us two miles of good road connecting this settlement 

with the road from Lemon City." 

Following that path indicated that Orange Ridge was the site of 

today's Liberty City and, perhaps, Brownsville. 

This was all but confirmed by a 1926 map of greater Miami which, 

while not identifying the settlement which obviously had long ceased 

to exist, showed an Orange Ridge Road running in a line equivalent to 

today's Northwest 22nd Avenue. 

The map has Orange Ridge Road going from Northwest 35th Street 

to Northwest 79th Street. 

Also of interest in Featherly's 1898 report was mention of acreage at 

Biscayne being cultivated by S. D. Reid. Featherly reported that Reid 

was living on the old Sturtevant homestead and cultivating tomatoes, 

squash, corn, okra, and eggplant. 

Ephram Sturtvant was the father of Julia Tuttle, the mother of 

Miami. 

In the final week of Featherly's survey, he visited Cutler and other 

portions of South Dade. His description of the fruit and ornamental 

plants and trees on the S. H. Richmond property in Cutler reveals a rich 

growing area. At Modelo, he is impressed with G. B. Hinkley's "Four 

-Mile Hammock" which he called "a perfect dell surrounded with every 

description of tropical plants money can purchase."


(From The Miami Metropolis, Nov. 25, 1898) 

AMONG THE FARMERS 

The Metropolis Scribe Interviews 

Many of Them 

ON BISCAYNE PRAIRIE, SNAKE CREEK, 

MODELO, HALLAND AND NEW 

RIVER, AND FINDS 

Amazing Increase of Acreage 

This Year Over Last Year. 

The METROPOLIS this week continues its interviews with the fruitgrowers 

and truckers of South Dade, the work of Chas. G. Featherly, the 

junior publisher. This is our fourth week at this work, which has 

entailed a large amount of hard work and expense. In the first three 

weeks 248 homes were visited and notes made of what was learned. 

With this issue this number is increased to 8--.(sic) This week we cover 

the Biscayne, Snake Creek (Ojus), Halland, Modelo (Dania) and New 

River (Ft. Lauderdale) sections, completing the work south of New 

River, with the exception that lack of time prevented a visit to "Tiger 

Tail Hammock," the place of T. J. West; "Four-Mile Hammock," the 

Hinckley place, and the Ord pineapple plantation, all at Modelo. These 

we shall visit next week and close up the work on the mainland by 

visiting the Cutler section. Again we ask that where omissions or errors 

have been made that our attention be called to it. It is our purpose to get 

this information as correct as possible, not only as matter of news but 

for future reference. 

C. GUNBY 

Owns 10 acres about midway between Little River and Biscayne, upon 

which he is putting in three acres of tomatoes. 

EDWARD BARNOTT 

Has a pleasant home of 100 acres just east of Biscayne station upon 

which he will cultivate one acre of tomatoes.

56 TEQUESTA 

S. D. REID 

Is living upon the old Sturtevant homestead just east of Biscayne 

station. This place was settled by E. T. Sturtevant away back in the 70s, 

and is a quaint and picturesque old place with its old Southern dwelling 

house, surrounded by tropical fruit trees and a fine old cocoanut grove. 

Mr. Reid will cultivate two acres of tomatoes, one acre of squash, one 

acre okra and one-half acre eggplants himself, and will have cultivated 

on prairie land of his seven acres of tomatoes, and one-half acre of 

peppers. 

C. H. IHLE 

Has one of those Florida homes which it does one good to look upon. 

Mr. Ihle has 40 acres, with a nice clearing. Along the front is a grove 

of magnificent cocoanut trees, while his house is surrounded by 25 

different varieties of tropical fruits. He is cultivating two acres of 

tomatoes and one acre of Irish potatoes. 

W. A. COOK 

Has just recently purchased what is known to our readers as the Pinder 

Farm, adjoining C. H. Ihle's place on the north, out of which he proposes 

to make a nursery on an extensive scale as rapidly as possible. Mr. Cook 

is an old orange grower and nurseryman of experience, having been in 

the business almost continuously since 1868. He has a grove at Orange 

Ridge, where he also set out groves for Messrs. McDonald & Reilly, 

Corell, F. I. Wiggins, J. S. Frederick and W. I. Lewis. We found his 

place to be one tropical grandeur, with 1,000 trees of different varieties 

already growing, besides about two acres of Porto Rico pineapples. In 

the way of vegetables Mr. Cook will cultivate five acres of tomatoes, 

one acre of peppers and one-half acre of eggplants. 

C. M. INGALLS 

Owns 15 acres of land just across the road from Mr. Cook's place, about 

11 acres of which is prairie. He has growing upon his pine land about 

two acres of young guava trees. In connection with his sons, Ed and 

Homer, he will put in a crop of five acres of tomatoes on his place, and 

five acres of tomatoes, one acre of eggplants and one acre of peppers at 

Little River and seven acres of tomatoes on Biscayne prairie. 

S. BRUSIE 

Is working the farm of R. C. Pinder, adjoining the old Pinder Farm


on the north. Here we found a nice lot of mango and alligator pear trees 

growing. Mr. Pinder has just received the first shipment of orange trees 

for a 10-acre grove, which will be set out by W. A. Cook. There is being 

cultivated on the place five acres of tomatoes. 

ON BISCAYNE PRAIRIE. 

The Solomon J. Peters family lived at N.E. 2nd Avenue and 74th 

Street. 

Besides the homes surrounding Biscayne Prairie, we find the following 

land being worked upon the prairie proper, the crop being tomatoes, 

except when otherwise specified: 

S. J. Peters, 15 acres. 

Thos. Peters, 12 acres. 

W. I. Peters, three acres. 

Nelson Bros., one acre, besides 12 acres which are being worked by 

the Ingall boys. 

H. B. Myers, three acres of tomatoes and one-fourth acre of cucumbers. 

Mr. Myers also has a homestead 1-1/2 miles northwest of Biscayne

58 TEQUESTA 

station, with a small clearing and 250 nice trees growing. 

George Watkins, four acres. 

W. H. Harrington, one acre. 

W. G. Carter, three acres. 

A. H. McClellan, three acres. 

Rulerford 7 Lewis, three acres. 

Fifteen acres of tomatoes on Wm. Freeman's place. 

J. Peden, three acres of tomatoes and one acre of peppers and 

eggplants. 

The William Freeman family included left to right, George, Mr. 

Freeman, Ethel, Rebecca, Edison, Mrs. Freeman, and Cora. 

J. S. Pardue has 30 acres of prairie land which is being worked as 

follows: E. A. Hawkins, six acres of tomatoes. T. Garrett, 10 acres of 

tomatoes, one-half acre of eggplants and one-half acres of peppers. Gus 

Bausman, five acres of tomatoes, one-fourth acre of eggplants and onefourth 

acre of peppers. 

Gentry & Jordan, six acres of tomatoes and one-half acre of peppers. 

CAPT. S. N. ANDREWS 

Has a very fine homestead one mile west and one mile north of Biscayne 

station, upon which he has a clearing of eight acres and a very neat and 

comfortable residence. He has about 1600 fruit trees of different kinds 

growing and an acre of pineapples. Mr. Andrews will cultivate two 

acres of tomatoes and eggplants.


R. C. HUNTER 

Has 40 acres of very fine land about two miles up the prairie from 

Biscayne station. He has 500 young trees of rough lemon stock, which 

he will bud and set out in the spring. Mr. Hunter's crop consists of four 

acres of tomatoes, one-fourth acre of eggplants and one-fourth acre of 

peppers. He has tomatoes from which he will be shipping in 30 days and 

some eggplants ready for shipment now. 

F. F. WILSON'S 

Homestead, adjoining Mr. Hunter's place, is a very pretty place, being 

surrounded by trees and tropical flowers and plants. Charles Spurrier, 

who is attending the place during the absence of Mr. Wilson in Porto 

Rico, will put in one-half acre of eggplants and a few cucumbers. 

ON HALLAND PRAIRIE. 

We found a comfortable settlement of congenial people upon the 

edge of the rich prairie. They have one store and a large and commodious 

boarding-house, with new dwellings in the course of construction. 

The people here, as elsewhere in this section, were busy making 

their crops, which is tomatoes unless otherwise specified in this report, 

and is as follows: 

J. M. Bryan, Jr., 10 acres. 

McIntosh & Paxton, six acres. 

Mosley & Hillyard, 10 acres of tomatoes, one acre peppers, one acre 

eggplants, one acre beans, four acres Irish potatoes and four acres 

cucumbers and squash. 

Charles Anderson, 44 acres. 

Nelson Carlson, nine acres. 

Sverker Lundberg, 2-1/2 acres. 

S. Jostrom, nine acres. 

S. M. Wright, three acres. 

John Wallace, 4-1/2 acres. 

Thure A. Johnson, four acres. 

A. Larson, two acres. 

O. C. I. Carlson, two acres. 

N. A. Carlson, nine acres. 

A. Andrews, five acres. 

L. Timm, two acres.

60 TEQUESTA 

Lewis and Wm. Norton, 20 acres. 

W. W. Killam, four acres. 

C. P. Carlson, two acres. 

J. T. Wofford, 10 acres. 

Wm. McRae, five acres. 

H. and A. Geiges, six acres. 

J. P. Owens, five acres. 

AT MODELO. 

At this thriving and beautiful little village we found every one busy 

with their crops. Although the crop here will not be as extensive as at 

some of the other settlements of the county, the prospects are favorable 

for a large yield. The following is the acreage which will be cultivated: 

James Paulson, 12 acres of tomatoes. 

Fred Shaw, five acres of tomatoes. 

Hance Johnson, seven acres of tomatoes and two acres of beans. 

Joe Bell, 1-1/2 acres of tomatoes and one-half acre of beans. 

Eskelson & Clark, three acres of tomatoes, one acre of Irish potatoes 

and four acres of beans. Mr. Clark himself will cultivate three acres of 

tomatoes. 

J. S. Crane, six acres of tomatoes. 

R. Crane, two acres of tomatoes. 

Charles Chambers, one acre of tomatoes and one acre of beans. 

B. J. Sherrard, two acres of tomatoes. 

S. E. James, two acres of tomatoes. 

Ed Hill, two acres of tomatoes. 

J. Randolph, three acres of tomatoes. 

OJUS. 

At Ojus (Big Snake Creek) six months ago there was only the water tank 

and section buildings. Now there is a thriving settlement, two stores and 

a school recently established, with 15 scholars. The people here are 

badly in need of a station house of some kind, as all fertilizer and other 

freight is thrown out without anything as a shelter. Here we found a 

large acreage being cultivated, which is tomatoes unless otherwise 

specified in this report. 

Lightsey & Harrison, seven acres. 

H. C. Welch, five acres.


Douglas Bros., four acres. 

J. W. Hilton, one acre. Mr. Hilton also has one acre of pineapples. 

H. U. Harris, four acres. 

House & McLean, five acres. 

D. R. Knight, 30 acres. 

Abrams & Smith, 7-1/2 acres. 

J. B. Combs, two acres. 

Abrams & Cosgrove have the land prepared and are setting out five 

acres of orange trees. 

Bull Brothers, 1-1/2 acres of tomatoes, one-half acre of eggplants, 

one-half acre of peppers, one-half acre of okra and one acre of pineapples. 

H. E. Snipes, six acres. 

W. C. Sayers, 10 acres. 

N. Livermore, 2-1/2 acres. 

Edsall & Fort, 10 acres. 

J. L. Nugent, one-half acre of tomatoes and one-half acre of 

eggplants. 

LITTLE SNAKE CREEK. 

At this section of the Ojus country we found a rich and handsome 

prairie, which is being extensively cultivated. The crop as given below 

is tomatoes unless otherwise specified. 

G. W. and D. A. King, eight acres. 

Charles Schuler, five acres. 

Edward Tucker, two acres of tomatoes on Capt. Fulford's place. 

N. Curry, three acres. 

Clements & Dunham, five acres. 

McDonald Bros. & Tucker, 22 acres of tomatoes and one acre of 

eggplants and peppers. 

A. H. McCall, 10-1/2 acres of tomatoes and one-half acre of peppers. 

Goodrich & Bryan, six acres. 

Sloan & Kennett, eight acres. 

S. McEaddy, 8-1/2 acres of tomatoes, three acres of eggplants, one 

acre of peppers and one-half acre of okra. 

McLeod & Montfort, seven acres. 

Elliott & Phillips, eight acres of tomatoes and one acre of peppers. 

W. J. McEaddy, eight acres of tomatoes and one acre of peppers. 

Keane & Co., four acres.

62 TEQUESTA 

Ed. Cook, five acres of tomatoes and two acres of eggplants. 

M. G. Lang, 2-1/2 acres of tomatoes. 

James Murphy, two acres of tomatoes, one acre of peppers and one 

acre of okra. 

Denham & Clements, three acres of tomatoes. 

Tom Harp, two acres of peppers and eggplants. 

Lee & Woods, eight acres of tomatoes and two acres of eggplants. 

FT. LAUDERDALE. 

Located as it is upon New River and adjacent to the sound, oceans and 

House of Refuge, is certainly a beautiful place, and the people there take 

just pride in pointing out the many points of interest and advantage 

surrounding them. We found the following places located upon the 

banks of the river, and composed largely of rich muck and hammock 

lands: 

E. T. KING 

Has 25 acres located about one mile below the postoffice, upon which 

he has seven acres cleared. He has some orange trees, mangoes, pears, 

etc., growing. Mr. King will cultivate five acres of tomatoes. 

R. S. KING 

Has 10 acres with 3-1/2 acres cleared, adjoining the above place, upon 

which he has oranges and a miscellaneous lot of tropical fruit trees 

growing. He is growing 2-1/2 acres of tomatoes. 

O. L. HARDGRAVE 

Has five acres very prettily located just west of the railroad, two acres 

of which is cleared. He has cocoanut trees, guavas, etc., growing, and 

intends making a fine place. We also found here one-half acre of 

pineapples growing, and the cultivation of 1-1/2 acres of beans. 

J. M. BRADLEY 

Has 10 acres of land beautifully located which is all cleared. He will 

make a crop of five acres of different kinds of vegetables. 

A. J. WALLACE 

Has a pretty home upon the banks of the riverjust across from the postoffice. 

He also has 12 acres about one mile up the river, upon which he


has four acres cleared. Here we found about 50 orange trees, 100 dozen 

pineapples, limes, guavas, sapodillas, alligators, etc., growing. Mr. 

Wallace will cultivate three acres of tomatoes, one acre of beans and 

one-half acre of onions here, and three acres of tomatoes on Brickell 

land. 

WM. MARSHALL 

Also has a very prettily located home across from the postoffice, besides 

10 acres of rich land up the river just east of the land of Mr. Wallace, 

which he intends clearing and setting out to fruit trees, principally 

oranges, as rapidly as possible. Mr. Marshall will cultivate on land 

belonging to W. R. Bracknell one-half acre of cucumbers, 1-1/2 acres of 

tomatoes and one-fourth acre of peppers. 

W. B. JOYCE 

Has seven acres one-half mile up the south fork of the river, six acres 

of which is cleared. Mr. Joyce will cultivate three acres of tomatoes and 

one-half acre of beans. 

L. W. MARSHALL 

Has 75 acres of fine rich land, mostly hammock, on the south fork, about 

25 acres of which is cleared. Mr. Marshall is fast making a model place. 

He will make a crop of 10 acres of tomatoes and one acre of mixed 

vegetables. The following crop will also be made by different parties 

upon his land: George Brabham, two acres of tomatoes and one acre of 

peppers and beans; J. S. Boyd, two acres of tomatoes; Thomas Powell, 

two acres of tomatoes; J. E. Marshall, three acres of tomatoes; J. W. 

Marshall and J. R. Marsh, two acres of eggplants; Wm. Marshall 

1-1/2 acres of tomatoes. 

MARSHALL & MARSH 

Are putting in two acres of tomatoes on the site of Osceola's old camp, 

and are putting in 5-1/2 acres of tomatoes 1-1/2 miles south of Lauderdale. 

P. M. BRYAN 

Has 120 acres of fine land on the edge of the Glades at the head of the 

river, with about six acres cleared, upon which he has 500 fine young 

orange trees growing. Mr. Bryan will cultivate 4-1/2 acres of tomatoes 

and one-half acre of beans on his land and two acres of tomatoes at "Old 

Tommie's" camp, just across the river from Osceola's camp.

64 TEQUESTA 

SABATA & BRAVO 

Have 80 acres at the head of the river, pleasantly located and fine rich 

soil, with a clearing of about four acres. Owing to the absence of these 

gentlemen we were unable to learn the extent of their crop. 

CAPT. W. C. VALENTINE 

Modestly asked us not to refer to his place, and we will simply remark 

that the Captain has a mighty fine place, upon which he will cultivate 

15 acres of tomatoes. 

C. M. CARN 

Is making a crop of five acres of tomatoes and one acre of beans on J. 

N. Bradley's land, three-quarters of a mile up the north branch. 

W. S. PHILLIPS 

Will make a crop of one acre of cucumbers on W. R. Bracknell's land 

up on the north fork. 

CAPT. FROMBERGER 

The genial superintendent of the House of Refuge, has a place at 

Progresso upon which he has one-half acre of pineapples and is setting 

out all kinds of tropical fruits. He is also cultivating one acre of tomatoes 

on the prairie south of Lauderdale. 

CAPT. O'NEAL 

One of the old settlers of this section, and former superintendent of the 

House of Refuge, has a place at Progresso, but owing to lack of time we 

were unable to visit it, but understand he is making no crop. Capt. 

O'Neal occupies his time largely in cruising about the river and sound 

with a naphtha launch. 

FRANK STRANAHAN 

Postmaster at Lauderdale, has a very pretty place on the banks of the 

river, and although he is doing no farming, his place is worthy of 

mention on account of its typical Florida beauty.


The Frank Stranahan house and trading post on the New River. 

(From the files of the Fort Lauderdale Historical Society.) 

ORANGE RIDGE. 

It is scarcely a year since the first attempt was made to break ground 

at Orange Ridge for the cultivation of citrus fruits, yet 30 days since the 

writer ate both kid-glove and kumquats grown and ripened at this point. 

It is claimed by those who have purchased lands here for the cultivation 

of citrus fruits that this section is best adapted of any portion of the Bay 

Country. Of this we can not say. We note that the young groves are 

looking healthy and growing rapidly. 

Adam Corell owns 20 acres of fine land. He has already cleared five 

acres and has set out 500 orange and grapefruit trees. 

J. A. McDonald owns 20 acres of land. He also has set out, with J. 

B. Reilly, 1,000 orange trees; 700 of the trees were set out by W. A. 

Cook last February. They are looking fine. The others were set out in 

September last. 

W. A. Cook owns 20 acres of land at the Ridge. He also has set out 

175 beautiful orange trees; several of them are bearing. He picked over 

100 kumquats from a tree that he set out on the 31st day of last 

December. Mr. Cook contemplates setting out several hundred orange 

trees in the spring.

66 TEQUESTA 

W. J. Lewis owns 10 acres of land with a fine young orange grove 

set by W. A. Cook last August. The trees are looking fine. Mr. Lewis 

will extend his grove. 

Next is E. L. Morse. Mr. Morse owns 10 acres. He also has set out 

280 fine orange trees, as well as quite a number of other fruit trees. He 

will continue planting trees until he completes the 10 acres. 

Frank I. Wiggin has a beautiful little orange grove just west and 

adjoining E. L. Morse. Mr. Wiggin owns the finest young grove we 

have seen in Dade county for a year-old grove. He will extend his grove 

this winter. 

S. R. Frederick, just opposite and east of Corell's lot, has also set out 

a small orange grove. His trees are looking fine. He owns 10 acres of 

land here, and has set quite a number of fruit trees, such as pear, mango 

and other trees. Mr. Frederick will extend his orange grove next spring. 

The METROPOLIS last week overlooked three acres of tomatoes 

being put in on the Wagner prairie, just west of the city, by Praut & 

McMurray. 

W. H. Mitchell will cultivate five acres of tomatoes on Alapattah 

Prairie on a 20-acre tract which he purchased this week. 

(From The Miami Metropolis, Dec. 2, 1898) 

AMONG OUR FARMERS 

We Finish the Work of Interviews with Truckers 

With Modelo and Cutler Sections 

MODELO. 

Continuing our work at Modelo of last week which was cut short 

because of the day not being two hours longer, the METROPOLIS 

representative visited three other places there this week, being those of 

F. J. West in "Tiger Tail Hammock," G. B. Hinckley in "Four-Mile 

Hammock" and W. B. Ord's pineapple plantation near the Hinckley 

place. 

We found Mr. West had just completed the placing of an irrigating 

plant on his place, which consists of 35 acres of very rich hammock a 

mile west of the station. Mr. West's plan of irrigating is a pump with a


capacity of 150 gallons of water per minute driven by a 12-horse power 

boiler. His main pipes are 3-1/2 inch and his auxiliary pipes 3-inch with 

1-1/2 inch hose and 3/4-inch nozzles. This plant has been extended over 

his 16 acres of young citrus grove. Mr. West has a pleasant home and 

family and is about to make an extensive addition to his residence. Mr. 

West's place has not been under improvement two years, yet great 

advancement has been made. It will be one of the crack places of the 

county in a few years. There are now growing upon the place 16 acres 

of citrus fruits and three acres of pineapples. Mr. West will cultivate this 

year six acres of tomatoes, one acre of eggplant and 1-1/2 acres of beans 

in his hammock. 

At Mr. Hinckley's hammock we note a truly tropical home. For his 

own quarters he has a gem of a log cabin built on artistic lines and 

supplied with modem conveniences. It is a perfect dell surrounded with 

every description of tropical plants money can purchase. Everything is 

constructed on artistic lines with a view to pleasing the eye and 

producing a sense of rest and quiet when Mr. Hinckley seeks its 

seclusion from his business cares at Savannah and Waycross, Ga. We 

notice here a banyan tree of most wonderful growth which in itself is 

worth a long walk to visit. Another species of tree not common in our 

hammocks is the West India silk cotton tree, a most peculiar tree in its 

growth. Mr. Hinckley's hammock consists of about seven acres in the 

form of a circle in the midst of a pine ridge. It is divided in the centre 

by the railroad. An irrigating plant has been introduced. J. J. Joyce has 

the management of the place which shows great care in its cultivation. 

On the prairie near by Mr. Hinckley is having cultivated 15 acres of 

tomatoes, two of beans and 1-1/2 of eggplant. He has in all 80 acres of 

his own and besides owns 80 prairie land in association with J. P. Gibson 

of Saratoga, N.Y. 

About 40 rods west of Mr. Hinckley's is the pineapple plantation of W. 

B. Ord, consisting of about two acres under half shade. Mr. Ord has 

three varieties of pineapples growing which are very uncommon. One 

is the Giant Kew which grows to the weight of 25 pounds. Another is 

the Red and Green Ceylon which Mr. Ord secured from the Island of that 

name in the Indian Ocean. The third is a pineapple variegated in colors. 

The plant as well as the fruit runs by graduation from one color to 

another and is a most handsome plant. The Giant Kew is a smooth plant 

similar to the Smooth Cayenne. Instead of producing one sucker as does 

the Cayenne it produces from six to 10 and therefore multiplies very 

fast.

68 TEQUESTA 

CUTLER. 

The Cutler Post Office was located on what is now 168th Street. 

Our representative this week made a trip to Cutler and inspected the 

farming and other interests of this thriving community. The history of 

Cutler and the litigation through which it has passed to the present time 

has been discussed thoroughly in these columns heretofore until our 

readers are all familiar with it, hence we will not touch upon this feature 

of affairs there. 

We will not go so extensively into a personal description of each 

place as we have at some of the other places in this section, but will give 

a general description of the interests of the grant and go into a 

description of one or two places as representing the entire community. 

We found everything thriving and in a prosperous condition, with a 

considerable amount of improvement under way. The rock barrier 

between the prairie and the bay has been blasted out, giving a free and 

unobstructed waterway. S. H. Richmond, superintendent of the work 

there, will soon begin work upon the necessary ditches to take the water


off from thousands of acres of this rich prairie land and make it 

accessible for cultivating, and the necessary roads will soon be under 

course of construction whereby the farmers can get their truck down to 

the bay for shipment. We were reliably informed that the present 

improvements, which have been commenced on a small scale, will be 

continued until the present needs of the settlers have been met. 

The prairie here is of a soft clay and loam mixture, which works up 

into a fine soft bed upon the first time plowing, after the water is drained 

off to allow the cultivation, and there are thousands of acres of it. The 

pine land is of the rock formation; that part of it inspected by the writer 

being of a reddish brown color, and puts out a fine growth on fruit trees 

of all kinds. 

There has been located at Cutler a good stock of general goods owned 

by W. A. Larkins of Cocoanut Grove and managed by B. A. Burtashaw. 

The people of Cutler take just pride in their school which is under 

the capable management of Miss Hattie G. Richardson of Cocoanut 

Grove, who has enrolled at present 15 scholars. 

As an example of what the pine land will do in the way of growing 

trees we will take the place of S. H. Richmond, where we found 48 

different varieties of fruit and ornamental trees and plants growing, and 

with a few exceptions all were looking nice. The following is the list 

as we found the: alligator pear, camphor, cinnamon, banana, three 

S. A. Richmond operated the Richmond Inn at Cutler. It is now 

part of the Charles Deering estate. 

varieties of fig, four varieties of grape, three varities of common guava, 

two varieties of Catelay guava, Jamaica sorrel, common lime, Spanish 

lime, red plum, Kelsey plum, peach, pomegranate, Medlar plum,

70 TEQUESTA 

lemon, mango, olive, sweet and sour orange, Tangerine and Otahaitii 

orange, six varieties of grapefruit, three varieties of pineapples, rose 

apple, sugar apple, sapadillo, rubber, tamarind, teias, mulberry, maume 

apple, pigeon pea, cork oak, Australian oak, oleander, eucalyptus, 

vanilla, sisal hemp, sansivers, sea grape, cassava, pepper, crape myrtle, 

geiger tree, hibiscus, arrow root, aloes. 

John and Mary Addison, who lived in this house, were Cutler's 

oldest settlers. 

On the place of G. J. Sullivan we found a coffee tree with ripe fruit 

upon it, and ate a fig from a tree only 10 months old from the slip, 

standing eight feet high and which had been bearing since July. 

We should hardly be doing justice did we not mention the fine rich 

hammock of J. A. Addison, which is a dense growth of mammoth guava 

and other fruit trees. We saw here the alligator pear trees which excel 

anything seen by us in this line on our trip of inspection. Mr. Addison 

is the oldest settler in the Cutler section, having located there 32 years 

ago, and takes pleasure in reciting tales relating to the early history of 

this section. A portion of beautiful hammock has been reserved for a 

public park. 

To any who may be skeptical as regards the growing of oranges in this 

section, we would say pay a visit the beautiful grove of Wm. Fuzzard 

at Cutler, where you will find 10 acres set out to different kinds of 

tropical fruits and 100 orange trees bearing. Mr. Fuzzard will this year 

sell over 100 boxes of oranges.


At every place we visited we found a fine growth of trees for the time 

they had been growing. 

The attention of the people of Cutler in the past has been given almost 

exclusively to the growing of trees, and not until this year has any 

attention been given to the growing of a vegetable for market. Nevertheless 

we found 75 acres under course of cultivation. The crop will be 

found in the annexed schedule. 

In conclusion we wish to call attention to the rare and valuable 

mineralogical collection of S. H. Richmond, which consists of over 

1,000 specimens gathered from all sections of the country, the collection 

of which covers a period of about 20 years.


Source Document

Contents of Tequesta 

Numbers I through L 

Introduction by the Editor 

The First Fifty Years 

In 1941, the one-year-old Historical Association of Southern Florida 

published the first issue of Tequesta. The first editor was University of 

Miami English professor Dr. Lewis Leary, who sadly died this year. 

Until 1956, Tequesta was a bulletin of the University of Miami, and 

after that the University continued as co-publisher until 1974 when the 

Historical Association took over full responsibility. 

The first issue of Tequesta contained a number of articles that set a 

standard of excellence that continues to this day. The writers included 

professional historian Robert E. McNicoll and non-professionals like 

George E. Merrick, Thomas P. Caldwell, and John Matthews Baxter. 

Dr. Charlton W. Tebeau, who first edited Tequesta in 1943 and 

became the permanent editor in 1946, has had the greatest influence on 

the journal. For forty years, Dr. Tebeau stamped Tequesta with his 

understanding of the importance of local history, his ability to work 

with would-be-historians, and his belief in Tequesta's importance to the 

understanding of the South Florida community. Since 1986, Dr. 

Tebeau has continued as Editor Emeritus, along with historian and 

author Dr. Thelma Peters. 

Any study of South Florida history begins with Tequesta. No other 

published source of our history contains as many scholarly articles, eyewitness 

accounts, and important reprints. 

As we begin work on our 51st Tequesta we look forward to our new 

editorial board to help us make the next fifty years of Tequesta as 

important as the last. 


Editor

74 TEQUESTA 

VOLUME ONE, NUMBER ONE, 1941 

"Pre-Flagler Influences of the Lower Florida East Coast," by George E. Merrick 

"The Caloosa Village Tequesta: A Miami of the Sixteenth Century," by Robert E. 

McNichol 

"Bradish W. Johnson, Master Wrecker, 1846-1914," by Vincent Gilpin 

"Pre-Columbian Man in Southern Florida," by Karl Squires 

"The Episcopal Church in South Florida, 1764-1892," by Edgar LeGare Penning 

ton 

"To Miami, 1890 Style," by Mrs. John R. Gilpin 

"The History of Air Transportation in Florida," by Thomas P. Caldwell 

"An Annotated Check List of Florida Maps," by John Matthews Baxter 

VOLUME ONE, NUMBER TWO, 1942 

"George Edgar Merrick," by Helen C. Freeland 

"Some Plant Reminiscences of Southern Florida," by David Fairchild 

"Henry Perrine, Pioneer Horticulturist of Florida," by T. Ralph Robinson 

"Ceremonial Practices of the Modem Seminoles," by Robert F. Greenlee 

"Food Plants of the DeSoto Expedition," by Adin Baber 

"The Administrative System in the Floridas, 1791-1821," by Duvin Clough 

Corbitt 

"Florida in History and Literature," by Watt Marchman 

Constitution of the Historical Association of Southern Florida 

Communication from Spessard Holland 

VOLUME ONE, NUMBER THREE, 1943 

"Beginnings in Dade County," by F. M. Hudson 

"The Florida Indians in the Seventeenth Century," by Charles M. Andrews 

"Pioneer Women of Dade County," by Mary Barr Munroe 

"The Administrative System in the Floridas, 1783-1821, II," by Duvon Clough 

Corbitt 

NUMBER FOUR, 1944 

"Frank Bryant Stoneman," by Marjory Stoneman Douglas 

"Archaeological Investigations on the Upper Florida Keys," by John M. Goggin 

"Five Plants Essential to the Indians and the Early Settlers of Florida," by John C. 

Gifford 

"Recent Economic Trends in South Florida," by Reinhold P. Wolff 

"The Freducci Map of 1514-1515," by David O. True 

NUMBER FIVE 1945 

"Flagler Before Florida," by Sidney Walter Martin 

"Blockade-Running in the Bahamas During the Civil War," by Thelma Peters 

"A Canoe Expedition into the Everglades in 1842," by Gearge Henry Preble 

"Three Floridian Episodes," by John James Audubon (reprint) 

1946 (NO OTHER DESIGNATION) 

"Pirate Lore and Treasure Trove," by David O. True 

"Medical Events in the History of Key West," by Albert W. Dibble 

"Some Reflections of the Florida of Long Ago," by John C. Gifford 

"The Adjudication of Shipwrecking in Florida in 1831," by Albert W. Dibble 

"Population Growth in Miami and Dade County, Florida," by James J. Carney 

"Select Biography for History of South Florida," by the Publications Committee


NUMBER SEVEN, 1947 

"The Ingraham Everglades Exploring Expedition, 1892," edited by Watt P. 

Marchman 

"Diary of a West Coast Sailing Expedition,1885," by Mrs. John R. Gilpin 

"Perrine and Florida Tree Cotton," by T. Ralph Robinson 

"The Perrines at Indian Key, Florida, 1838-1840," by Hester Perrine Walker 

NUMBER EIGHT, 1948 

"Jacob Housman of Indian Key," by Dorothy Dodd 

"Thomas Elmer Will, Twentieth Century Pioneer," by J. E Dovell 

"The Lower East Coast, 1870-1890," by W. T. Cash 

"Miami: A Study in Urban Geography," by Millicent Todd Bingham 

"Discovery of the Bahama Channel," by Robert S. Chamberlain 

NUMBER NINE, 1949 

"Cape Florida Light," by Charles M. Brookfield 

"A Dash Through the Everglades," by Alonzo Church 

"Recollections of Early Miami," by J. K. Dorn 

"Early Pioneers of South Florida," by Henry J. Wagner 

"William Shelby Harney: Indian Fighter," by Oliver Griswold 

NUMBER TEN, 1950 

"Colonel Thompson's Tour of Tropical Florida," by George R. Bentley 

"The Indians and the History of the Matecumbe Region," by John M. Goggin 

"Army Surgeon Reports on Lower East Coast, 1938," by James F. Sunderman 

"John Clayton Gifford: An Appreciation," by Henry Troetschel, Jr. 

"Across South Central Florida in 1882,"( reprint from New Orleans Times 

Democrat) 

NUMBER XI, 1951 

"Miami on the Eve of the Boom: 1923," by Frank B. Sessa 

"The Pennsuco Sugar Experiment," by William A. Graham 

"Random Records of Tropical Florida," by Dr. Henry Perrine (reprint) 

"Across South Central Florida in 1882," (reprint from New Orleans Times 

Democrat) 

NUMBER XII, 1952 

"Newspapers of America's Last Frontier," by Jeanne Bellamy 

"We Chose the Sub-Tropics," by F. Page Wilson 

"Starch Making: A Pioneer Florida Industry," by Mrs. Henry J. Burkhardt 

"South Florida's First Industry," by Earnest G. Gearhart Jr. 

An Early Map of Key West 

"William Adee Whitehead's Description of Key West," edited by Rembert W. 

Patrick 

The Association's Historical Marker Program 

NUMBER XIII, 1953 

"Building the Overseas Railway to Key West," by Carlton J. Corliss 

"John Loomis Blodgett (1809-1853)," by R. Bruce Ledin 

"Chakaika and the 'Spanish Indians,'" by William C. Sturtevant 

The Association's Historical Marker Program

76 TEQUESTA 

NUMBER XIV, 1954 

"Stronghold of the Straits: Fort Zachary Taylor," by Ames W. Willams 

"Miami; From Frontier to Metropolis: An Appraisal," by F. Page Wilson 

"The South Florida Baptist Association," by George C. Osbom and Jack P. Dalton 

"A Petition from Some Latin-American Fishermen, 1838," edited by James W. 

Covington 

"'Volunteers' Report Destruction of Lighthouses," edited by Dorothy Dodd 

NUMBER XV, 1955 

"Forty Years of Miami Beach," by Ruby Leach Carson 

"Vizcaya," by Adam G. Adams 

"The Florida Keys: English or Spanish in 1763?," by Charles W. Amade 

"On Blockade Duty in Florida Waters," edited by William J. Schellings 

NUMBER XVI, 1956 

"Miami: 1896-1900," by Ruby Leach Carson 

"Miami in 1926," by Frank B. Sessa 

"Mango Growing Around Early Miami," by Harold W. Dom 

"A Seminole Personal Documen,t" by William C. Sturtevant 

NUMBER XVII, 1957 

"Homesteading in Florida During the 1890's," by Mary Douthit Conrad 

"Some Pre-Boom Developers of Dade County," by Adam G. Adams 

"Key Vaca, Part I," by Florence Storrs Brigham 

"Soldiers in Miami, 1898," by William J. Schellings 

NUMBER XVIII, 1958 

"Wreck on the Reef," by Joseph F. Cheetham 

"Exploring the Ten Thousand Islands in 1838," edited by James W. Covington 

"Earliest Land Grants in the Miami Area," by Henry S. Marks 

"Key Vaca, Part II Modem Phase," by Flrorence S. Brigham 

The Association's Historical Marker Program 

NUMBER XIX, 1959 

"Flagler's Undertakings in Miami in 1897," by Nathan D. Shappee 

"The Wreck of Houseboat No. 4, October 1906," by William H. Saunders 

"Dedication of Tamiami Trail Marker," by James Lorenzo Walker 

"Digging the Cape Sable Canal," by Lawrence E. Will 

NUMBER XX, 1960 

"Jupiter Lighthouse," by Bessie Wilson DuBois 

"Key West and the Spanish American War," by William J. Schellings 

"Captain Brannan's Dilemma: Key West 1861," by Vaughan Camp, Jr. 

"Two Opinions of Key West in 1834," edited by Charlton W. Tebeau 

"A Forgotten Spanish Land Grant in South Florida," by Henry S. Marks 

"Notes on the Passage Across the Everglades," (from The News, St. Augustine, 

January 8, 1841) 

The Association's Historical Marker Program


NUMBERXXI, 1961 

"Robert E. Lee and the Civil War," by Bruce Catton 

"Fort Dallas and the Naval Depot on Key Biscayne, 1836-1926," by Nathan D. 

Shappee 

"Anti-Florida Propaganda and Counter Measures During the 1920's," by Frank B. 

Sessa 

"The Indian Scare of 1849," by James W. Covington 

"Doctor Strobel Reports on Southeast Florida, 1836," edited by E. A. Hammond 

NUMBER XXII, 1962 

"The Cruise of the Bonton," by Charles William Pierce 

"Ornithology of 'The Cruise of Bonton,'" by William B. Robertson, Jr. 

NUMBER XXIII, 1963 

"Lieutenant Hartsuff and the Banana Plants," by Ray B. Seley, Jr. 

"The Wreck of the Victor," by Mrs. Bessie Wilson DuBois 

"Cycles of Conquest in Florida," by Charles W. Arnade 

"North to South Through the Glades in 1883," edited by Mary K. Wintringham 

NUMBER XXIV, 1964 

"Miami Beach Reaches the Half Century Mark," by Ruby Leach Carson 

"St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Built and Forgotten," by Laura Conrad Patton 

"The Florida Excursion of President Chester A. Arthur," by Joe M. Richardson 

"The Florida Seminoles in 1847," by James W. Covington 

"North to South Through the Everglades in 1883," Part II, edited by Mary K. 

Wintringham 

NUMBER XXV, 1965 

"William Adee Whitehead's Reminiscences of Key West," edited by Thelma 

Peters 

"First in Palm Beach," by Louis Capron 

"A Story of Liguus Collecting With a List of Collectors," by Ralph H. Humes 

"Three Early Spanish Tampa Bay Maps," by Charles W. Arnade 

"Two Spanish Expeditions to Southwest Florida, 1783-1'793," by Jack D. L. 

Holmes 

NUMBER XXVI, 1966 

"The Tampa Bay Hotel," by James W. Covington 

"The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Fleet Wreck," by Marion Clayton Link 

"King of the Crackers," by Lawrence E. Will 

"Jos6 del Ri6 Cosa," by Jack D. L. Holmes 

"Kissimmee Steamboating," by Edward A. Mueller 

NUMBER XXVII, 1967 

"Florida's Clipper Ship," by Edward A. Mueller 

"Reminiscences of the Lake Okecchobee Area, 1912-1922," by Dorothy Darrow 

"John Newhouse, Upper Everglades Pioneer and Historian," by J. E. Dovell 

"Who Was Juan Ponce de Le6n?,"by Charles W. Arnade

78 TEQUESTA 

NUMBER XXVIII, 1968 

"The Orange Grove House of Refuge No. 3," by Gilbert L. Voss 

"Jupiter Inlet," by Bessie Wilson DuBois 

"The Rockets Came to Florida," by James W. Covington 

"Workers on Relief, 1934-1938, in Key West," by Durward Long 

"A Lost 'Psyche,': Kirk Munroe's Log of a 1,600 Mile Canoe Cruise in Florida 

Waters, 1881-1882," edited by Irving A. Leonard 

"Juan Baptista Franco and Tampa Bay, 1756," by Jack D. L. Holmes and John D. 

Ware 

"The Juan Baptista Franco Document of Tampa Bay, 1756," by Charles W. 

Arnade 

A Communication: Aurelio Tio to Charles W. Arnade 

NUMBER XXIX, 1969 

"Sponge Fishing on Florida's East Coast" by David Shubow 

"The Iron Horse on the Florida Keys," by Carlton J. Corliss 

"Pioneering on Elliott Key, 1934-1935," by Chralotte Niedhauk 

"Who was the Frenchman of Frenchman's Creek?," by Walter P. Fuller 

"A Scottish View of West Florida in 1769," by Charles A. Gauld 

"Richard Keith Call's 1836 Campaign," by George C. Bittle 

"Sketches of the Florida Keys, 1829-1833," by E. A. Hammond 

NUMBER XXX, 1970 

"The Federal Music Project in Miami, 1935-1939," by Marilyn S. Stolee 

"Miami's Bootleg Boom," by Patricia Buchanan 

"150 Years of Defence Activity in Key West, 1820-1970," by Clayton D. Roth, Jr. 

"Samuel Hodgman, Haines City, Florida, Pioneer," by Bruce W. Ball 

"The Matecumbe Methodist Church," by Rev. Jean U. Guerry, Pastor 

Contents of Tequesta, Volumes I-XXX, 1941-1970 

NUMBER XXXI, 1971 

"The Coconut Grove School," by Gertrude M. Kent 

"The Wreck of The Three Sisters," by Arva M. Parks 

"Marco, Florida, in 1925," by Mary S. Lundstrom 

"Glimpses of Antebellum Florida: Tampa Bay, Key West, North Florida," by 

Bartlett C. Jones 

"Sailing in South Florida Waters in the Early 1880's," Part I, edited by John F. 

Rieger 

NUMBER XXXII, 1972 

"The Development of the Major Commercial Airlines in Dade County, Florida: 

1945-1970," by Aurora E. Davis 

"Federal and State Relations with the Florida Seminoles, 1875-1901," by James 

W. Covington 

"Labor Problems of the East Coast Railway Extension From Homestead to Key 

West, 1905-07," by Henry S. Marks 

"Mystery of the New Atlantis," by Bruce W. Ball 

"Life on the Loxahatchee," by Dora Doster Utz 

"Sailing in South Florida Waters in the Early 1880's," Part II, edited by John F. 

Reiger


NUMBER XXXIII, 1973 

"Key Biscayne Base Marker- - 1855," by Arva M. Parks 

"Two Way Stretch: Some Dichotomies in the Advertising of Florida as the Boom 

Collapsed," by Elliott Mackle 

"Martyrs All: The Hero of Key West and the Inocentes," by Jose B. Fernandez and 

Jerrell H. Shofner 

"Two South Florida Lighthouse Keepers," by Bessie Wilson DuBois 

"West Palm Beach," by Dora Doster Utz 

"The Port of Palm Beach: The Breakers Pier'," by Sue Pope Burkhardt 

"James M. Jackson, Jr., Miami's First Physician," by William M. Straight, M.D. 

NUMBER XXXIV-1974 

"The 'Friends of the Seminole' Society: 1899-1926," by Harry A. Kersey, Jr. 

"Judge Henry Hudson Hancock, 1868-1951," by Ruby Jane Hancock 

"Ernest Graham and the Hialeah Charter Flight of 1937," by Peter G. Klingman 

"Foreign Colonies in South Florida, 1865-1910," by George E. Pozzetta 

"Early Families of Upper Matecumbe," by Richard E. Gentry 

"Miami's Earliest Known Great Hurricane," by Donald C. Gaby 

"Cape Sable and Key West in 1919," (reprint) by Willis S. Blatchley 

NUMBER XXXV-1975 

"The Cape Florida Society of 1773," by Roland E. Chardon 

"Northern Biscayne Bay in 1776," by Roland E Chardon 

"The Samuel Touchett Plantation, 1773," by James C. Frazier 

"Miami in 1876," by Arva Moore Parks 

NUMBER XXXVI-1976 

"Indian Key," by Michael G. Schcne 

"The Evolution of Miami and Dade County's Judiciary, 1896-1930," by Paul S. 

George 

"The Florida East Coast Steamship Company," by Edward A. Mueller 

"Brighton Indian Reservation, Florida, 1935-1938," by James W. Covington 

"Yamato Colony: A Japanese Presence in South Florida," by George E. Pozzetta 

and Harry A. Kersey, Jr. 

"I Remember the Everglades Mail Boat," by Gordon L. Williams 

NUMBER XXXVII-1977 

"Traffic Control in Early Miami," by Paul S. George 

"Not A Shot Fired: Fort Chokonikla and the 'Indian War' of 1849-1850," by 

Micheal G. Schene 

"Richmond Naval Air Station, 1942-1961," by David A. MacFie 

"Notes on South Florida Place Names: Norris Cut," by Roland Chardon 

'Aftermath of the Brown Decision: The Politics of Interposition in Florida," by 

David R. Coleburn and Richard K. Scher 

NUMBER XXXVIII-1978 

Christmas Day in Florida, 1837," by Floyd Monk 

The Log of the Biscayne House of Refuge," by Thelma Peters 

History of Pinewood (Cocoplum) Cemetery," by Oby Bonawit 

From Tampa Bay to Biscayne Bay in 1799," by Andrew Ellicott, introduction by 

Charlton Tebeau

80 TEQUESTA 

NUMBER XXXIX-1979 

"Railway Location in the Florida Everglades," by William J. Krome, introduction 

by Jean C. Taylor 

"The Kissimee Valley: An Appreciation," by Ruby Jane Hancock 

"A Letter by Dr. Henry Perrine" 

"Bootleggers, Prohibitionists and Police: The Temperance Movement in Miami, 

1896-1920," by Paul S. George 

"The Dania Indian School, 1927-1936," by Harry A. Kersey, Jr. and Mark S. 

Goldman 

"The West Palm Beach that I Remember," by Gordon L. Williams 

"Biscayne Sketches at the Far South," by James Buck, introduction by Arva Moore 

Parks 

NUMBER XL-1980 

"Growing Up, Sort Of, in Miami, 1909-1915," by Will Davenport 

"Seminole Leadership: Changing Substance, 1858-1958," by James W. Covington 

"The Seminole's Christmas," "A Seminole Reminiscence," (reprints from the 

Miami Metropolis) by J.W. Ewan 

"Richard Fitzpatrick's South Florida, 1822-1840, Part I, Key West Phase, " by 

Hugo L. Black, III, introduction by Charlton W. Tebeau 

NUMBER XLI-1981 

"The John DuBois Family of Jupiter: A Florida Prototype, 1887-1981," by Harry 

A. Kersey, Jr. 

"The Seminole Women of Florida," by Mary Barr Munroe, introduction by Arva 

Moore Parks 

"Richard Fitzpatrick's South Florida, 1822-1840, Part II, Fitzpatrick's Miami 

River Plantation," by Hugo L. Black, III 

"Sugar Along the Manatee: Major Robert Gamble, Jr. and the Developement of 

Gamble Plantation," by Michael G. Schene 

NUMBER XLII, 1982 

"The Wagner Family: Pioneer Life on the Miami River," by Margot Ammidown 

"Library in a Pioneer Community: Lemon City, Florida," by Ron Blazek 

"The Cleveland Connection: Revelations from the John D. Rockefeller - Julia 

Tuttle Correspondences," by Edward N. Akin 

"Changing Economic Patterns in the Miami Metropolitan Area, 1940 - 1948," by 

Raymond A. Mohl 

Contents of Tequesta, Numbers I through XLI 

NUMBER XLIII, 1983 

"Diary of an Unidentified Land Official, 1855," edited by Wright Langley and 


"My Life in South Florida," by Edna Morris Harvey 

"Newspaper Pioneering on the Florida East Coast, 1891-1895," by Ruby Andrews 

Myers 

"Life in Palm Beach County, Florida, 1918-1928, Part I: Engineering and 

Farming," from Noah Kellum Williams' "Grandpop's Book," edited, with an 

introduction, by Charlton Tebeau


NUMBER XLIV, 1984 

"Retracing the Celestial Railroad," by Geoffrey Lynfield 

"'...Everything Carried the Face of Spring': Biscayne Bay in the 1770's," by Daniel 

L. Schafer 

"Miami's City Marshal and Law Enforcement in a New Community, 1896-1907," 

by Paul S. George 

"The Florida Mutineers, 1566-67," by Eugene Lyon 

"Life in Palm Beach County Florida, 1918-1928, Part II: The Real Estate Boom 

and the Hurricane of 1928," from Noah K. Williams' "Grandpop's Book," edited 

by Charlton W. Tebeau 

NUMBER XLV, 1985 

"Birds of aFeather: The Coconut Grove Audubon Society, 1915-1917," by Emily 

P. Dieterich 

"Seminole Beach, 'The Best Beach in Dade County,'" by Frederick H. Harrington 

"'The Firing of the Guns and Crackers Continued Till Light', A Diary of the Billy 

Bowlegs War," edited with commentery by Gary R. Mormino 

"Railroad Stations in Dade County," by Seth Bramson 

NUMBER XLVI, 1986 

"Last Command: The Dade Massacre," by W. S. Steele 

"Boca Raton and the Florida Land Boom of the 1920s," by Donald W. Curl 

"The State of Florida and the Florida Indians, 1954-1961," by James Covington 

"The Development of the Overseas Highway," by Alice Hopkins 

"The Log of the Biscayne House of Refuge," by Thelma Peters 

NUMBER XLVII, 1987 

"History of The Miami News, 1896-1987," by Howard Klienberg 

"Watch Miami: The Miami Metropolis and the Spanish-American War," by 

Thomas F. Fleischmann 

"Arch Creek: Prehistory to Public Park," by Emily Perry Dieterich 

NUMBER XLVIII, 1988 

"Editor's Notes and Communications," by Arva Moore Parks 

"The Early Years Upriver," by Donald C. Gaby 

"The Bilging of the Winchester," by William M. Straight, M.D. 

"Santeria: From Africa to Miami Via Cuba; Five Hundred Years of Worship," by 

Diana Gonzalez and Sara Maria Sanchez 

"Liberty Square: 1933-1987: The Origins and Evolution of A Public Housing 

Project," by Paul S. George and Thomas K. Peterson 

"Among the Farmers," introduction by Howard Kleinberg 

NUMBER XLIX, 1989 

"Barry University: Its Beginnings," by Sister Eileen Rice, O.P. 

"Richard Ashby: Miami Pioneer," by Donald C. Gaby 

"Among The Farmers," introduction by Howard Kleinberg 

"Shadows in the Sunshine: Race and Ethnicity in Miami," by Raymond A. Mohl 

NUMBER L, 1990 

"Pioneering in Suburbia," by Nixon Smiley 

"The Carver Village Controversy," by Teresa Lenox 

"Among the Farmers," introduction by Howard Kleinberg 

Contents of Tequesta 1941 - 1990


Source Document

LIST OF MEMBERS 

Members of the Historical Association of Southern Florida enjoy a 

wide variety of benefits which include free admission to the Museum, 

subscriptions to the three Museum publications, Tequesta, South Florida 

History Magazine, and Currents, invitations to special events, use 

of the Research Center, discounts on purchases at the Museum store, 

and discounts on educational and recreational programs. 

Each membership category offers the benefits as outlined above, 

plus additional gifts and privileges for the higher levels of support. 

During the past year eighty members upgraded their level of support. 

Membership revenues primarily cover the costs of the benefits provided, 

educational programs, special exhibitions and daily operations 

of the Museum. The membership listing is made up of those persons and 

institutions that have paid dues since August 1989; those who joined after 

November 1, 1990, will have their names in the 1991 Tequesta. 

CATEGORIES OF MEMBERSHIP 

Fellows 

$500.00 (and up) 

Corporations and Foundations 

$500.00 (and up) 

Life (no longer available ) 

Benefactor $250.00 

Sponsor $100.00 

Donor $ 75.00 

Family $ 45.00 

Individual $ 35.00 

Institutional $ 35.00 

Any changes in the level or listing of membership should be reported 

to the membership office at 375-1492. 

Honorary Life Membership is voted by the Board of Trustees to recognize 

special service to the association. The symbol ** indicates 

Founding Members; the symbol * indicates Charter Member.

84 TEQUESTA 

Life 

Alpert, Mr. Maurice 

Franklin, Mr. Mitchell 

M. R. Harrison Construction 

Ryder, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Ralph 

Honorary Life 

*Waters, Mr. Fred M., Jr. 

Withers, Mr. James 

Withers, Mr. and Mrs. Wayne E. 

Grand Corporate Benefactors 

Ackerley Comm. of Florida, Inc 

Ryder System Inc. 

Southeast Banking Corp. Foundation 

Southern Bell 

SunBank/Miami N.A. 

WTMI Radio 

Corporate Benefactors 

Burdines Enviropact, Inc. Paul, Landy, Beiley & Harper, P.A. 

Citizens Federal Bank Kloster Cruise Limited Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jeamigan 

Deloitte & Touche Mershon, Sawyer, Johnston, Dunwody Salomon, Kanner & Damian, P.A. 

Eagle Brands, Inc. 

& Cole 

Corporate Patrons 

Baptist Hospital Farrey's Wholesale & Hardware Keen, Battle, Mead & Company 

Coco Lopez Florida Power & Light Company Miami Herald 

Consolidated Techniques, Inc. Gato Distributors Parties By Pat 

Design Floridian Johnathans Catering WAXY FM 105.9 

Corporate Members 

AccurateReporting Servic,Inc East Coast Painters. Mudrick, Win, Levy & Consor 

John Alden Life Insurance Co. East River Terminals, Inc. Rosen & Switkes 

Atlantis Group, Inc. Ernst &Young Rosen Filloy and Company 

BellSouth Mobility Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Service Station Aid, Inc. 

Bierman, Shohat & Loewy, P.A. Bureau Shutns & Bowen 

C. G. Chase Construction Co. Haagen Dazs Swanson Printing, Inc. 

City National Bank Katz, Barron, Squitcro, Taglairino Advertising Group 

Coastal Fuels Marketing Inc. Key Power Technical Institute The Brewer Co. of Florida, Inc. 

Cordis Corporation KPMG Peat Marwick Trust Company of the South 

Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. Mount Sinai Medical Center Turner Construction Company 

Corporate Contributors 

Aircraft Electric Motors, Inc. Family Health Plan, Inc. Kaufman, Rossin & Co., P.A. 

Atico Financial Corporation Flooring Etc Corp. The Fair Department Store, Inc. 

Discovery Cruise Lines 

Just Catering, Inc. 

Foundations 

Black Archives & History FDN Kennedy Family Foundation, Inc. National Endowment for the Arts, Folk 

Geiger Charity Foundation, Inc. Metro-Dade Cultural Affairs Council Arts Division 

The Dunspaugh-Dalton Foundation 

Florida Arts Council


Fellows 

Adams, Mrs. Faith Fedor, Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth Krakow, Mr. and Mrs. Parks, Ms. Arva Moore 

Adkins, Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson, Mr. Walter Steven Payne,Jr.,Mr.andMrs.R.W. 

Wayman Fitzgerald, Dr. and Mrs. Kyle, Mr. Alan Prevatt, Mr. and Mrs. Preston 

Agardy, Mrs. Beverly Joseph LaFontisee, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Prunty, Mrs. John 

Anderson, Ms. Marie Frankel, Dr. and Mrs. David Louis Pryor, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. T. 

Anderson Dr. and Mrs. Friedman, Mr. and Mrs. LaRoue, Jr., Mr. Samuel Hunter 

William Way Amold S. Lashar, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Read, Mrs. Bess Burdine 

Banks, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. Galan, Mr. and Mrs. Juan William Reid, Mr. and Mrs. R. 

Duane Garcia-Chacon Mr.andMrs. Laurence, Mr. Kenneth Benjamine 

Batten, Mr. and Mrs. James ernando Lawrence, Mr. and Mrs. Reiter, Mrs. Robin 

Battle, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. George, Dr. and Mrs. Phillip Norman Risi, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Louis 

Benjamin Gerspacher, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. 

Battle, Mr. Michael Thomas Lowell, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Robinson, Mr. and Edward 

Baumberger, Mr. and Mrs. Goldberg, Mr. Michael A. Lynch, III, Mr. and Mrs. Schmidt,Mr.andMrs.Robert 

Charles Goodlove, Mrs. Avis Stephen Shack, Richard and Ruth 

Bermont, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Graham, Mr. and Mrs. Mank, Mr. and Mrs. R. Smiley, Dr. and Mrs. 

Black, Jr., Mr. and Mrs.Leon William Layton Charlotte 

Born, Dr. and Mrs. Michael Gray, Mr. and Mrs. James Matheson, Mr. and Mrs. Soman, Mr. and Mrs. 

Bowker, Mr. and Mrs. Greenfield, Mr. and Mrs. Finlay William 

Gordon Arnold Matteson, Mr. Arnold Stewart, Sr., Dr. and Mrs. 

Caldwell, Mr. and Mrs. Harper, Mr. and Mrs. George McClaskey,Jr.,Mr.andMrs. Franz 

Allen Harrison, Sr., Mr. and Mrs. Robert Stewart, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. 

Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. John McCrimmon, Mrs. C. T. Franz 

Dennis Hawkins, Mr. andMrs.Mark McLamore, Mr. and Mrs. Tebeau, Dr. Charlton 

Campbell, Mr. George Hector Mr. and Mrs. Louis James Thatcher, Mr. John 

Canera-Justiz, Mr. and Mrs. Hector, Mr. and Mrs. Robert McMahon, Mr. andMrs. Paul Thomson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Ignacio Henry, III, Mr. and Mrs. McMillian, Mr. and Mrs. Parker 

Cesarano, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund John Toms, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald 

Gregory Hills, Mr. and Mrs. Lee Mead, Jr., Mr.andMrs.D.R. Traina, Dr. and Mrs. Joseph 

Cesarano, Mr. and Mrs. Hudson, Mr. and Mrs. Mead, Sr., Mr. and Mrs. D. Trainer, Mr. Monty 

Patrick Sherrill Richard Trochet, Dr. and Mrs. Jean 

Chapman, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson,Mr.andMrs.Ethan Mensch, Dr. andMrs.Joseph Vcrgara,Dr.and Mrs.George 

Alvah Whitcomb Mesnekoff, Mr. and Mrs. Voelter, Mrs. Karl 

Cole, Mr. and Mrs. Carlton Johnson,Mr.andMrs.Lester David Warren, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Collier, Ms. Beth Kanner, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Molinari,Dr.andMrs.Robert Lewis 

Corlett, III, Mr. and Mrs. Katz, Ms. Janet Morrison,Dr.andMrs. Glnn Wcitz, Dr. and Mrs. Michael 

Edward Katz, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Murphy, Dr. and Mrs. Brian White, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 

Corson, Mr. and Mrs. Allen Kenny, Mr. and Mrs. James Murphy, Mr. and Mrs. Wischart, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Cox, Mrs. Edna Kent, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Malcolm 

Cullom, Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Nordt, Ill, Dr. and Mrs. John Wolfe, Ms. Jody 

William Killian, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. A. Noriega, Ms. Lamar Wolfson, Jr., Mr. Mitchell 

Curry, Miss Lamar Louise Dan Norman, Dr. and Mrs. Woodruff, Mrs. John 

Davis, Mr. and Mrs. James Kislak, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Harold Younis, Mr. and Mrs. David 

Deutsch, Mr. and Mrs. Knight, Mr. and Mrs. C. Oren, Dr. and Mrs. Mark Younts, Mr. S.A. 

Hunting Frasuer Pappas, Mr. Theodore Zwibel, Dr. and Mrs. 

Dietz, Mrs. Beverly 

Howard 

Erickson, Mr. Douglas 

Zwick, Mr. andMrs. Charles 

Benefactors 

Anderson,Mr.andMrs.Chris Highleyman, Mr. Daly Martinez, Dr. and Mrs. Shapiro, Ms. Phyllis 

Apthorp, Mr. and Mrs. James Huston, Mrs. Tom Milton Sherry, Mr. Lawrence 

Cole, Mr. Richard Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Matheson, Mr. Hardy Straight, Dr. and Mrs. Wil- 

Fogel, Mr. and Mrs. Joel Raymond Peacock, Mr. Henry liam 

Glinn, Mr. and Mrs. Kahn, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Rodriguez, Mr. and Mrs. P. Zeppa, Dr. and Mrs. Robert 

Franklyn Marmesh, Dr. and Mrs. Nelson 

Michael 

Sponsors 

Abess, Sr., Mr. and Mrs. Baker,Mr. andMrs. Leonard Brcnnan, Ms. Mary and Cook, Mr. and Mrs. Clark 

Leonard Barkell, Mr. and Mrs. Janson, Mr. Glenn Cooper, Mr. and Mrs. Mike 

Adams, Mr. and Mrs. James William Carbonell, Dr. and Mrs. Corin, Dr. and Mrs. Morton 

Adler, Dr. and Mrs. Robert Baros, Mr. and Mrs. Evans Robert J. Costello, Ms. Marjorie Lee 

Alexander, Mrs. Selma Barrow, Dr. and Mrs. James Carullo, Dr. and Mrs. Emilio Crawford, Mrs. James 

Allen, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Barry, Dr. and Mrs. Terrence Cassidy, Mr. and Mrs. Crow, Jr.,'Mr. and Mrs. Lon 

Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Beam, Mr. Frank William Worth 

Geoff Black,Jr., Mr. and Mrs.Hugo Chapman, Ms. Virginia and Dane, Mr. and Mrs. George 

Aruca, Mr. and Mrs. F. Blanck, Mr. and Mrs. Kovatch, Mr. John Danforth, Mr. and Mrs. Dan 

August, Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Bernard Collins, Mr. and Mrs. Daniclson, Mr. and Mrs. J. 

Averill, Mr. Joseph Botifoll, Mr. and Mrs. Luis William Deering

86 TEQUESTA 

Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hardin, Jr., Dr. Henry McCormick, Mr. and Mrs. Shouse, Ms. Abbie 

De Carion, Mr. George Haverfield, Mrs. Shirley Robert Sisselman, Mr. and Mrs. 

DeHart, Jr., Mr. Stanley Helms, Mr. and Mrs. Brent Melin, Mr. and Mrs. David Murray 

Dellapa, Mr. and Mrs. Gary Hemmnings, Mr. and Mrs. Meyer, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Silvester, Mr.and Mrs. Larry 

Diamond, Mr. and Mrs. J. Arthur Meyer, Mr. and Mrs. Sylvan Sleek, Jr., Mr. George 

Leonard Henkin, Dr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Miller, Mr. and Mrs. HE. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel 

Dombrowsky, Mr. and Mrs. Hertz, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel 

Alan Hicks, Mrs. and Mr. Mislch, Mr. Roger L. 

Dowlen, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. Margaret Morgenstem, Mr. and Mrs. Sonnett, Mr. and Mrs. Neal 

Leonidas Hinds, Mr. andMrs. Richard Melvin Spak, Mr. and Mrs. 

Doyle, Mr. and Mrs. James Hinds, Dr. and Mrs. Ronald Moritz, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Theodore 

Dunan, Mr. andMrs. George Hollinger, Mrs. Barbara Moses,Mr. andMrs. Michael Staton, Ms. Eva 

VR. Homstein, Mrs. Norene MunrocMrs.andMrs.Wirth Stein, Mr. Arthur 

Dunwody, Mr. and Mrs. Hunter, Dr. and Mrs. Burke Neinken, Mrs. Ruth Steinberg, Mr. Alan 

Atwood Ingelmo, Mrs. Esther Nemeti, Mr. Joseph Stevens, Mr. and Mrs. 

Durbin, Ms. Grace Izaguirre, Dr. and Mrs. Newcomb, Mr. and Mrs. Charles 

Eaton, Judge and Mrs. Joe Francisco Charles Stirrup, Ms. Edeane 

Ehrhard, Mrs. Harriett Jaffe, Dr. Jonathan Norton, Dr. Edward Sullivan, Mrs. Patricia 

Ellenburg, Mr. and Mrs. Jennings, Ms. Arlene Oliver, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. Sures, Mrs. J. 

James Jimenez, Mr. Juan Robert Sweeney, Mrs. Edward 

Entenmann, Mr. and Mrs. Kain, Mr. and Mrs. Francis Owen, Mr. and Mrs. David Swetland, Mr. and Mrs. 

Charles Keen, Mr. and Mrs. George Palacio, Ms. Margarita David 

Evoy, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Keen, Ms. Patricia Pancoast, Ms. Katherine Theobald, Ms. Yvonne 

Feldman, Mr. and Mrs. Eric Keller, Mr. Bruce Pearce, Ms. Elizabeth Thorndike, Mr. and Mrs. 

Pinkelstein, Mr. and Mrs. Keys, Mr. Neal Peck, Jr., Mr. George Richard 

Charles Kienzle, Mr. Carl Plumer, Mr. Mrs. Richard Thornton, Mr. and Mrs. 

Finley, Ms. Jane Kleinberg, Mr. and Mrs. Price, Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Richard 

Fojaco, Dr. Rita Howard RadclmanMr.andMrs.Fred Thorpe, Ms. Jean 

Freeman, MJ. Kniskernm, Mr. and Mrs. Rapperport, Mr. and Mrs. Tierny, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Gaffin, Mr. and Mrs. Harold Kenneth Alan Tribble, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Gallagher, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Korach, Mr. and Mrs. Irvin Rawls, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Tryson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Robert Korth, Mr. and Mrs. James Edward Michael 

Ganguzza, Mr. and Mrs. Kreisberg, Mr. and Mrs. Rebozo, Mr. Charles Tunstall, Mr. and Mrs. Jack 

Joseph Irving Reid, Dr. and Mrs. Walter Turner, Mrs. Roberta 

Garcia, Mrs. Maria Landau, Mr. andMrs. Calvin Righctti, Dr. and Mrs. Tyson, Mr. and Mrs. Chris- 

Garcia, Mr. and Mrs. Ruben Lauer, Mr. and Mrs. John Thomas topher 

Gardner, Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence, Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez,Mr.andMrs.Raul Underwood, Mr. and Mrs. 

Donald Michael Rowell,Mr.andMrs.Donald Edwin 

Gibson, Mr. David Leake, Mr. and Mrs. Martin Rubini, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Vallega, Mr. Jack 

Goldman, Ms. Sue Levine, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Ruggles, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Van Denend, Mr. and Mrs. 

Goldstein, Mr. andMrs. B.B. Levitt, Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Read Herbert 

Gonzalez, Jr., Mr. Alvaro Levy, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Russell, Ms. Darlene Vaughan, Mr. and Mrs. 

Goodman, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. John Rutter, III, Mr. and Mrs. William 

Jerrold Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Nathaniel Vernon, Mr. and Mrs. Cark 

Goodman, Mr. and Mrs. Liebler, Dr. and Mrs. John Sachek, Mr. and Mrs. Waldberg, Mrs. Jean 

Martin Lipinsky, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Ward, Mr. and Mrs. Carl 

Gossett, Mr. and Mrs. Murray Santiago, Mr. and Mrs. Wien, Mr. and Mrs. Leonard 

Richard Little, Dr. and Mrs. William Eugenio Wilson,Mr.andMrs.George 

Greenfield, Mr. and Mrs. London, Mr. and Mrs. I. Sarafoglu, Dr. and Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Peyton 

Amold Edward Theodore Wolfson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Gregorisch, Mr. and Long, Ms. Joyce T. Scott, Ms. Martha Bernard 

Normando Lotspeich, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Segal, Mr. and Mrs. David Wood, Sr., Mrs. Warren 

Grentner, Mr. and Mrs. Lunsford, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Seidel, Mr. and Mrs. Barry Woore, Mrs. Margaret 

Charles Edwin Sepp, Mr. John Wragg, III, Mr. and Mrs. Otis 

Grier, Ms. Helen Masson, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Shay, Mr. and Mrs. Rodger Wyllic, Mr. and Mrs. Stuart 

Guerra, Mr. and Mrs. Phil Masvidal,Mr. and Mrs. Raul Shayne, Mrs. Genie and Wynne, Mr. James 

Guthrie, Mr. andMrs.Robert Matheson, Mr. and Mrs. Shayne, Miss Cindy Yates, Mrs. Eunice 

Guttenmacher, Mr. Edward Finlay Sheinvold, Mr. Michael Paul Zoltcn, M.D., Robert 

Haas, Mr. and Mrs. George Maxted, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Shenkman, Mr. and Mrs. 

Hancock, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Stephen 

Eugene 

Donors 

Abrams, Mr. and Mrs. Barkett, Mrs. Sybil Chiaro, Ms. Maria Eisnor, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kenneth Batlle, Mr. Carlos Claughton, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. William 

Adair, III, Mr. John Bell, Mr. Paul Edward Fairbaim,Mr.and Mrs.Ralph 

Adams, Jr., Mr. Andrew Brand, Mr. and Mrs. Davis, Mr. Roger Feltman,Dr.andMrs.Robert 

August, Mrs. and Mrs. Raymond de Castro, Mr. Raymond Fernandez,Mr.andMrs.John 

Blanche Breeze, Mrs. and K.W. Delaspozas, Ms. Zuleika Fishman, Dr. and Mrs. 

Ball, Mr. and Mrs. Ivan Buerman, Mr. and Mrs. Eric Dorick, Ms. Diane Lawrence 

Barker, Mr. and Mrs. Bukstell, Dr.andMrs.Leslie Dowdell, Mr. and Mrs. S.H. Fitzgerald, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Charles Campbell, Mr. and Frances Dutcher, Mr. andMrs.David Willard


Fontaine, Miss Bertha Hughs, Mr. ard Mrs. Michelson,Mr.andMrs.DDon Rivero, Mr. George 

Fontaine, Miss Cecelia Kenneth Mitchell, Ms. Flora Roach, Mr. and Mrs. Patrick 

Freidin, Mr and Mrs. Phillip Irvin, III, Mr. and Mrs. E. Mitchel, Mr. and Mrs. Robertson,Dr.andMrs. E.G. 

Gabler, Mrs. George Milner Karlsson Ryan, Ms. Colleen 

Gaby, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Jacobson.Mr.andMrs.Larry Mohr, Mr. Alfred Sandler, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Gardner, Mrs. andDick Johnson,Mr.andMrs.David Muhtar, Mr. and Mrs. William 

Gamer, Dr. and Mrs. Stanley Jollivette, Mr. Cyrus Ezequiel Sheehan, Ms. Elaine 

GoldmanDr.andMrs.Lloyd Jorgenson, Mr. and Mrs. Natiello, Dr. Thomas Simon, Mr. and Mrs. Edwin 

Goldwyn. Dr. and Mrs. James Needell, Dr. andMrs. Mervin Snyder, Mr. and Mrs. Philip 

Robert Jude, Dr. and Mrs. J. Norcross, Mr. Brian Sullivan, Mr. and Mrs. R.S. 

Gonzalez-Vicra, Mr. Raul Juncosa, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Orlingy, Mr. Paul Sutton, Mr. and Mrs. 

Goodson, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Junkin,lll,Mr.andMrs.John Pearce, Ms. Libby William 

William Kessler, Ms. Betty Perez, Mr. and Mrs. John Swanson,Mr.andMrs.Mark 

Gordon, Mr. and Mrs. Reed Krmern, Mr. andMrs.Donald Peskie, Mr. and Mrs. Tabemilla, Mr. Armando 

Gottfried, Mrs. Carol Jane Kristal, Mr. Marvin Theodore Tilghman, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Green, Dr. and Mrs. Edward Lamphear, Mr. and Mrs. Pfenniger, Mr. Richard James 

Hall, Mr. and Mrs. John Michael Pracher, Mr. Douglas Troner,Dr.andMrs.Michael 

Hanley, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Levine, Mr. Martin Price, Ms. Judith Underwood, Dr. and Mrs. 

Harrington, Ms. Nancy Levy, Ms. Eleanor Quinton, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Alfred 

Harrison, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Loan, Mr.andMrs.Thomas A.E. Velar, Mr. and Pedro 

John Lubitz, Mr. and Mrs. Alan Ramsey, III, Mr. and Mrs. ViethMr.H.MarkandViceh, 

Heath, Mr. and Mrs. Bayard Mannis, Dr. and Mr. Arnold John Mrs. Laura A. 

Hellmann, Mr. and Mrs. Marokus, MC USAR, Major Rapa, Mr. Vicente Villa, Ms. Sandra 

James and Mrs. Roy Rechtien, Mr. and Mrs. Wallis,Jr., Mr.andMrs.John 

Hemdon,Mr.andMrs. Kery Mathews, III, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Whalin, Mr. and Mrs. 

Herst, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. James ReckfordDr.andMrs.Philip Michael 

Herman Matteson, Miss Eleanor Reed, Sr., Mr. and Mrs. Williams, Mr. and Mrs. 

Hilliard, Ms. Marjery McCabe, Dr. Robert Thomas Arthur 

Hirsch, Mr. and Mrs. Sol McMinn, Mr. John Reilly, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Williams,Mr.andMrs.Frank 

Holder, Mr. and Mrs. Hal Mesh, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Ridgely, Mr. and Mrs. Wills, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Horacek, Mr. and Mrs. Meyers, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Norman C. Wright, Dr. R.K. and Hunt, 

Frederick 

Mrs. J.A. 

Family 

Abbott, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Athan, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Beard, Mr. Wendall Bischoff, Ms. Connie 

Abess, Jr., Mr. Leonard Atkins, Hon. and Mrs. C. Beck, Mr. and Mrs. Allen Bischoff, Mr. and Mrs. 

Adams, Mr. and Mrs. John Clyde Becker, Dr. and Mrs. Earl Richard 

Adler, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Atlass, Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Boebe, Mr. and Mrs. Morton Biver, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin 

Aguilera,Mr. andMrs. Pablo Avant, Mr. and Mrs. John Beer, Mr. and Mrs. Albert Lee 

Aguirre, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Averbook, Mr. and Mrs. Beglarian Dr.andMrs.Grant Bivins, Mr. and Mrs. Charles 

Aibel, Mrs. Howard Daniel BchrmannMr.andMrs.John Bjorkman, Mr. William 

Ainsworth, Ms. Mary Axel, Ms. Joyce Beiley, Mr. Stanley Blackard,Mr.andMrs.David 

Ajami, Mr. andMrs. Raffoul Babcock, Mr. and Mrs. Belchcr,Mr.andMrs.Edwin Blackburn, Mr. and Mrs. 

Akerman. Mr. and Mrs. John Blakely Bell, Mr. and Mrs. William Elmer 

Al-Maneea, Mr. Mohammed Bacher, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Bendler, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Blanco, Mr. and Mrs. Jose 

Alcalde, Mr. and Mrs. Jorge Baer, Mr. and Mrs. Ken Bennett, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Blank, Dr. and Mrs. Harvey 

Alejandro, Mr. and Mrs. Joe Bailey, Ms. Rosetta Andrew Blazevic, Mr. and Mrs. 

Allen, Mr. Paul Baker, Mr. and Mrs. David Bennett, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Raymond 

Allenson, Mr. and Mrs. Baker, Mr. and Mrs. John Benowitz, Mr. H. Allen Blechman Dr. and Mrs. WJ. 

Herbert Baldwin, Mr. and Mrs. Clive Bentley, Mr. C.P. Block, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey 

Alonso,Mr.andMrs.George Ball, Mr. and Mrs. Rod Berard, Mr. and Mrs. Julio Bloom, Dr. and Mrs. 

Altman,Mr.andMrs.Robcrt Ballard, Mr.andMrs.Robert Berg, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth 

Altmayer, Mr. and Mrs. Bud Bander, Mr. and Mrs. Randall Bludworth, Mr. and Mrs. 

Amaro,Mr.andMrs.Amaldo Michael Berger, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur David 

Ammarell, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Banks, Col. and Mrs. Berke, Mr. and Mrs. Michael Bluh, Mr. and Mrs. R. 

John Richard Berman, Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Kenneth 

Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Barbancra, Mr. and Mrs. Bcmstein, Mr. and Mrs. Blumberg, Mr. and Mrs. 

Cromwell Robert Roger David 

Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Barber, Mr. and Mrs. Earl Bemstein, Mr. and Mrs. Blumberg, Mr. and Mrs. 

Duane Bare, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ronald Philip 

Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. John Barfield, Mr. and Mrs. James Berrin, Mr. and Mrs. Ray Bobes, Mr. and Mrs. Steven 

Angones, Mr. and Mrs.Frank Barko, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Bertelson, Mr. and Mrs. Boegen Mr. and Mrs. R.W. 

Apgar, Mr. and Mrs. Ross Bamhill,Mr.andMrs.Lester Ralph Bohlmann,Mr.Benjaminand 

Apple, Mr. Larry and Perez, Bass, Mr. and Mrs. Michael Bethune, Ms. Mildred Kanner, Ms. Ellen 

Ms. Esther Bass, Dr. and Mrs. Robert Bcttncr, Mr. and Mrs. Bolton, Dr. and Mrs. John 

Arch, Mr. and Mrs. Ted Batista, Ms. Maria Jerome Bomar, Mr. and Mrs. 

Archer, Mr. Edward Battle, Mr. Robert Bcveridge,Mr. andMrs.J.A. Thomas 

Armbrister, Mrs. Esther Battle, Mr. Timothy Beyer, Dr. and Mrs. Robert Bourne, Mr. and Mrs. 

Arndt, Mrs. Jo-Ann and Baumgartner, Mr. and Mrs. Bierman, Mr. Donald William 

Amdt, Mr. Tim Gary Birmingham, Mr. and Mrs. Bowen, Mrs. R. 

Arredondo, Mr Carlos Bavly, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Eugene Bowman,Mr.andMrs.Philip

88 TEQUESTA 

Boyd, Ms. Debrah Capen Mr. and Mrs. Richard Cooney, Mr. and Mrs. Duncan, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Boyd, Dr. and Mrs. Russell Capman, Mr.and Mrs. Philip Thomas Dunn, Mr. and Mrs. Charles 

Boymer, Mr. Leonard Carbone, Mrs. Grace Cooper, Mr. and Mrs. Marc Dunn, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. 

Boza, Ms. Clara and Carver, Carlson, Mr. and Mrs. Art Copcland, Mr. Charles Raymond 

Mr. Phillip Carr, Ms. Barbara Cordova, Ms. Lynn Durant-Schoendorf, Ms. 

Brack, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Carrasco,Mr.andMrs.Angel Corton, Mr. Carlos Debra 

Brady, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Carrasco, Mr. Rene Cosgrove, Rep. John Dumberg, Mr. and Mrs. Carl 

Bragassa, Mr. and Mrs. Carroll, Dr. and Mrs. Cosio, Mr. Alberto Duvall, Mr. and Mrs. M. 

Richard Laurence Coughlin, Mrs. Linda Walker 

Brake, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Carroll Ms. Susan Courtney Ms. Karen Dye, Mr. Michael 

Brant, Mr. William Cary, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Coverman, Mr. and Mrs. Eaglstein, Dr. and Mrs. 

Brantley Mr. and Mrs. Bill Casal, Mr. and Mrs. German Hyman William 

Brecher, Mr. andGaiter,Mrs. Cast, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Cowling, Mr. and Mrs. John Eason, Mr. and Mrs. Vernon 

Breit, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Caster, M.D., Milton Crews, Mr. and Mrs. Harold Eaton, Mr. and Mrs. Joel 

Brennan, Mr. and Mrs. Bob Castro, Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Crosby, Ms. Karla Eckblom, Mr. and Mrs. Eric 

Brennan, Mr. Robert Castro, Mr. and Mrs. Roque Cullison, Mr. and Mrs. Eckhart, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Brickman, Mr. and Mrs. P. Casuso, Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Andrew Edelman,Mr.andMrs.Lester 

Broder, Dr. and Mrs. Catasus, Mrs. Graciela Curtis, Mr. and Mrs. DeVere Edison, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis 

Lawrence Caulder, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Cutie, Mr. and Mrs. Eggleston, Ms. Jeanette 

Brodeur, Mr. and Mrs. G. Cenal, Mr. and Mrs. Jose Guillermo Ehlert, Mr. and Mrs. Albert 

Brian Chaille, Mr. and Mrs. Dabney, Mr. and Mrs. Eidenire, Mr. and Mrs. Todd 

Brody, Mr. and Mrs. Alan Thomas Charles Einspruch, Mr. and Mrs. 

Brody, Mr. and Mrs. Jon Chamness, Ms. Patricia Dacy, Mr. and Mrs. John Norman 

Brooke, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Chamorro, Dr. and Mrs.Jose Dailey, Mr. Richard Ellert, Mr. and Mrs. Henry 

Broonler, Mr. and Mrs. Chandler, Dr. and Mrs. J.R. Daly, Mr. andMrs. Jose Luis Ellis Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth 

Lester Chapman, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel,Mr.andMrs.Edward Emerson, Dr. and Mrs. 

Broudo, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Arthur Daniell,Mr. andMrs. Martin Richard 

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Bert Charles, Mr. and Mrs. David Daniels, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Enriquez. Mr. Leonard 

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Charney, Ms. Lorraine Albert Enstrom, Mr. and Mrs. 

Bradford Chase, Mr. Larry Davidson,Mr.andMrs. Barry Thomas 

BrownMr. and Mrs. Edward Chase, Mr. Ronald Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Dale Erikson, Mr. and Mrs. Henry 

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Chester, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Davis, Mr. and Mr. Ronald Esco, Ms. Jacquelyn 

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Chillag, Mr. and Mrs. George Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Ted Esserman, Mr. and Mrs. Jim 

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. James Chowning,Mr.and Mrs.John Dawkins, Mr. and Mrs. Estes, Mr. Donald 

Brown Mr. and Mrs. James Christensen, Mr. Thomas Myron Esteves, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 

Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Christman, Mr. Robert Day, Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Evans, Mr. and Mrs. Cecil 

Brownell, Mr. and Mrs. ER. Christopher, Mr. and Mrs. De Agucro, Mr. and Mrs. Evans, Mr. and Mrs. David 

Brumbaugh, Mr. and Mrs. George Richard Evans, Ms. Greta 

John Church, Mr. and Mrs. David De Arriba, Ms. Magaly Evans, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Brumer, Ms. Charlotte Ciereszko, Mr. and Mrs. L. de Cardenas, Mr. Jorge Eydt, Mr. and Mrs. Dan 

Bryan, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Stanley De La Cruz Ms. Elvira Fabelo, Mr. and Mrs. 

Buchbinder, Mr. and Mrs. Citrin, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dearing, Mr. and Mrs. Jose Humberto 

Mark Clark, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. D.M. Decker, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Pales, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. H. 

Buchsbaum, Mr. and Mrs. Clark, Mr. and Mrs. James DeGlopper, Mr. Daniel Gordon 

Fred Claypool, Mr. William Delgado, Ms. Patricia Fancher, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Buhler, Mr. and Mrs. Jean Claypool, Mr. and Mrs. Demi, Ms. Barbara Charles 

Buhrmaster, Mr. and Mrs. William DeMulling, Mrs. Mary Featherstonc, Hon. and Mrs. 

Norman Clayton, Mr. and Mrs. C.G. Denaro, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Harold 

Bullock, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Coblentz, Ms. Jo Anne Dr. Dendy and Mrs. Good Fein, Mr. Alan and Westfall, 

Burdin, Mr. and Mrs. James Codina, Mr. Armando DenisMr.andMrs.Edouardo Ms. Susan 

Burke, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Cody, Mr. and Mrs. Dennie Deresz, Mr. and Mrs. Don Feingold,Dr.andMrs. Alfred 

Burke, Ms. Mary Coffin, Mr. Nick Detrick, Mr. John and Feingold, Dr. and Mrs. 

Burton, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Cohen, Mr. and Mrs. George Sawyer, Ms. Rona Jeffrey 

LeLand Cohen, Mr. and Mrs. Diaz, Mr. and Mrs. Bruno Fcldman,Mr.andMrs.Larry 

Burton, Jr., Col. and Mrs. William Diaz, Mr. and Mrs. William Fels, Mr. and Mrs. Leonard 

Robert Cohn, Dr. Leon Diehl, Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Felser, Mr. and Mrs. Fred 

Busby, Mr. and Mrs. George Cold, Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Dietrichson, Mr. and Mrs. R. Fernandez, Mr. and Mrs. 

Bush, Mr. and Mrs. Jeb Cole, Mr. and Mrs. Philip DiPietro, Mr.andMrs.James Andres 

Bush, Mr. Jesse Coleman, Mr. J. Diprima, Ms. Adrienne Fernandez Mr. and Mrs. 

Butler, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Comyns, Mr. and Mrs. Dix, Mrs. John Joseph 

Butler, Mr. Jack Kenneth Donnell, Mr. and Mrs. Fernandez, Mr. and Mrs. 

Butler, Mr. John Conger, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Richard 

Butler, Mr. Kevin and Thomas Donner, Mr. and Mrs. Chris Ferry, Mr. and Mrs. Paul 

Winston, Ms. Tamara Conley, Dr. and Mrs. James Dom. Mrs. Leslie Fine, Dr. Ellen and Penland, 

Cahill, Mr. and Mrs. Connell, Mr. and Mrs. Ncil Doucha, Mr. Roger Mr. Ray 

Laurence Connolly, Mr. and Mrs. Dougherty, Mr. and Mrs. Fine, Mr. and Mrs. Martin 

Caldwell, Ms. Genevieve Charles Edward Finkelstein, Mr. and Mrs. 

Callander, Mr. and Mrs. Connolly,Mr.andMrs. lugh Dozier,Mr.and Mrs.Wilmer Alfred 

Ralph Connor, Mr. and Mrs. Drake, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Finlay, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Du Bois, Mr. and Mrs. Fisher, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis 

James Conte, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Fitzgerald, Mr.andMrs.WJ. 

Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. John Alexander Dubbin, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Flattery, Jr.. Mr. and Mrs. 

Camps, Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Contreras,Mr. and Mrs. Abel Duncan, Mr. and Mrs. Michael 

Cano, Mr. and Mrs. Pateo Cook, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Edward Fleming, Mr. and Mrs. Harry


Flick, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Glass, Mr. and Mrs. James Halegua, Mr. and Mrs. Steve Hoffman, Dr. and Mrs. 

Flinm, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Glasser, Dr. and Mrs. Hall, Mr. and Mrs. Monroe William 

Flipse, Mr. and Mr. Domn Marshall Hallstrand, Mr. and Mrs. Holcomb, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Flynn, Ms. Mary and Glatstein, Mr. Histor and Richard Lyle 

Toomey, Mr. Mike Freeman, Mrs. Elizabeth Hambright, Mr. Thomas Hollingsworth,Mrs. Dorothy 

Fogg, Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Glatstein Dr. and Mrs. Phil Hammond, Mr. and Mrs. Holsenbeck, Mrs. J.M. 

Fonnegra, Mr. and Mrs. Glukstad, Mr. and Mrs. Sig Charles Holthaus, Mr. Dennis 

Alberto Goeser, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Han, Dr. and Mrs. Gregory Honeycut Mr. and Mrs. 

Forer Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Goldberg, Dr. and Mrs. Hanafourde, Ms. Lucy Ronald 

Forthman, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Hann, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Honyak, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Hugh Goldman, Mr. and Mrs. Hansen, Mr. and Mrs. Alex 

Foster, Mr. and Mrs. David Bruce Christian Hope, Mr. Cifford 

Foster, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Goldstein, Mr. Leroy and Hantman,Mr.andMrs.Larry Horan, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Fox, Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Gould, Mrs. Lauren Harllee, Jr., Mr. John Homer, Mr. and Mrs. Danny 

Frakes, Mr. Bill and Scott, Goldweber, Mr. and Mrs. Harris, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Hornstein,Mr.andMrs. Neal 

Ms. Susan Seymour Harris, Mr. Robert Horton, Mrs. Charles 

Fraynd, Mr. Paul and Stein, Gomez, Ms. Marisa Harrison, Jr., Mr. MR. Hostetler, Mr. and Mrs. 

Ms. Sue Gonzalez, Mr. and Mrs. Jose Harrison, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Thomas 

Frazier,Mr.andMrs.Dwight Gonzalez, Ms. Nancy Hart, Mr. and Mrs. Ray Houghton, Mr. Peter 

Freeman, Mr. and Mrs. Gooden, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Hartman, Mrs. Robin Hourihan, Mr. and Mrs. 

Stephen B.F. Hartwell,Mr.andMrs.James Joseph 

Freeman, Mr. and Mrs. Goodfriend, Ms. Regina Hasis, Mr. Thomas House, Mr. D. 

William Goodwin, Mr. and Mrs. C. Hatfield, Mr. and Mrs. Houston, Mr. and Mrs. J. 

Frcistat, Mr. and Mrs. Scott Ray Milton Edward 

Freshman, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon, Mr. and Mrs. Elliot Havenick, Mr. andMrs. Fred Howard Mr. and Mrs. Gene 

Lawrence Gottlieb, Mr. and Mrs. Hawa, Mr. andMrs. Maurice Hudnall, Mrs. Helen 

Friberg, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hawke, Mr. and Mrs. David Hughes,Mr.andMrs.Russell 

Richard Grabois, Mr. and Mrs. D. Hawkins, Mr. W. Roger Hundevadt, Mr. and Mrs. 

Friedman, Dr. and Mrs. Evan Grad, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Hayes, Mr. and Mrs. Tom R.C. 

J. Grady, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hayes, Mr. and Mrs. W. Hunt, Mr. and Mrs. Charles 

Friedman, Ms. Muriel Graham, Ms. Dorothy Hamilton Hunter, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 

Friedrichsen, Mr. and Mrs. Grant, Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Hayo, Ms. Barbara Hurwitz Ms. Marilyn 

Jena Graul, Mr. and Mrs. David Heckerling. Mr. and Mrs. Huston, Mr. Edwin 

Frun, Mr. and Mrs. David Gray, Mr. and Mrs. James Dale Hutchinson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Fudali, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Gray, Ms. Nancy Heffeman,Mr.andMrs.Jerry Robert 

Fuentes, Mr. and Mrs. Grayson,Mr.andMrs. Bruce Helene, Ms. Carol Hutson, Dr. and Mrs. James 

Guillermo Green, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Hellinger, Dr. and Mrs. Hyde, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Punk, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Green, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Melvin J. Hyman, Mr. and Mrs. 

Furst Mr. and Mrs. AJ. Green, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Helweick, Mr. and Mrs. Michael 

Gacek, Ms. Sharon Greenberg, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hynes, Ms. Christine 

Gach, Ms. Laurie and Barry Hencinski, Mr. and Mrs. Hynes, Mr. and Mrs. 

Prohias, Mr. Tony Greenblatt, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kenneth 

Galassini,Mr.andMrs.Marc Ernest Henderson, Mr. and Mrs. Isicoff, Mr. and Mrs. Steven 

Gallo, Mr. and Mrs. Jorge Grcenfield, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Issenberg, Mr. and Mrs. 

Gamba, Mr. and Mrs. Tomas Burton Hennessy, Mr. and Mrs.John David 

Gardner, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Greenhouse, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, Mr. and Mrs. Jackson, Ms. Debora 

Donald Nathan William Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Gardner, Mr. and Mrs. Greenspan, Mrs. Mulvaney HerreraMr. and Mrs.Ignacio Frederick 

Joseph Gregg, Mr. Robert Herron, Mr. James Jackson, Mr.andMrs.Robert 

GardnerMr.and Mrs.Robert Grimm, Rev. and Mrs. Robb Herskowitz, Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs, Mr. and Mrs. 

Gardner, Mr.andMrs.Robert Grimsley, Mr. and Mrs. John Bernard Richard 

Garrison, Dr. and Mrs. Bruce Grossman, Mr. and Mrs. Hertz, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Jacobsen, Mr. and Mrs. T.M. 

M. Martin Hester, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Jacobson, Dr. and Mrs. Jed 

Garvett, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Grudzinski, Mr. and Mrs. Hester, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Jacowitz, Mr. and Mrs. 

Gaskins, Ms. Nancy Richard Hester, Mr. and Mrs. W. Arthur 

Geada, Dr. and Mrs. Luis Grunwell, Mr. and Mrs. Warfield Jaffer, Mr. and Mrs. Harold 

Geffen, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald George Hickey, Mr and Silver- Jeffers, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Geist, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Gualt, Ms. Nan Hickey Mrs. Jenkins, Mr. Frank 

Gelberg, Mr. Robert Guilfoyle, Mr. and Mrs. Hildner, Dr. and Mrs. Frank Jenkins, Mrs. Mary 

Geller, Dr. and Mrs. Edmund Thomas Hinckley, Mr. and Mrs. Jenks, II, Mr. and Mrs. 

Gent, Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Guma, Mr. and Mrs. Virgilio Gregg Thomas 

Gentry, Mr. Sam Guttman, Mr. and Mrs. Hinds, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. L.F. Jensen, Mr. and Mrs. John 

George, Dr. and Mrs. Paul Richard Hinnant, Mr. andMrs. Wayne Johns, Mr. Steve 

Geraldi, MD. Dr. and Mrs. Guyton, Mrs. Hipps, Mrs. T.F. Johnson, Ms. Jean and 

M. Guyton, Dr. and Mrs. Hirschl, Dr. and Mrs. Andy Priscak, Ms. Betty 

Gerber, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. Paul Thomas Hirsh Mr. and Mrs. Chris Johnson, Jodie and Joella 

Gill, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Hack, Ms. Paula Hittel, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Lyle 

Gillan, Mr. and Mrs. John Hackley, Mr. and Mrs. Hobbs, ll,Mr.andMrs.James Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Giller, Mr. and Mrs. Norman Stephen Hodges, Mr. and Mrs. Wallen 

Gilmore, Mr. and Mrs. John Hague, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Richard Jonas, Dr. and Mrs. Stanley 

Ginsburg, Mr. and Mrs. Hahn, Mr. Carlos Hodus, Ms. Fern and Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Bardy 

Robert Hahn, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Rothstein Mr. Mike Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel 

Gladstone, Honorable and Halcrow, Mr. and Mrs. lHoeffl, Mrs. Kenneth Jones, Mr. and Mrs. E. 

Mrs. William Robert Hoffman,Dr.andMrs.David Darrll

90 TEQUESTA 

Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Kraslow, Mr. David Lopez, Mr. and Mrs. Jose Maxwell, Mr. and Mrs. 

Jones Mr. and Mrs. Frank Krauter, Dr Susan and Lopez, Mrs. and Mrs. Lou Edward 

Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Venable, Dr. Henry Lopez, Ms. Millie Maxwell, Mr. and Mrs. 

Jones, III, Dr. and Mrs. Kreutzer, Mr. and Mrs. Lores, Dr. and Mrs. Edward Michael 

Walter Franklin Lorie, Mr. and Mrs. Rafael Maxwell, Mr. Thomas 

Julsrd, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Krome, Mr. and Mrs. Losada, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Maydak, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Harald William Losak, Mr. and Mrs. John Maynard, Mr. and Mrs. Carl 

Justiniani, Dr. and Mrs. Krug, Mr. and Mrs. Warren Loth, Mr. and Mrs. Stan Mayo, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Federico Krupnick, Mr. and Mrs. Jon Lovell, Mr. and Mrs. Gary Mayotte, Mr. Peter 

Kaiser, Dr. and Mrs. Gerard Krupnick, Mr. and Mrs. Lovinsky, Mr. and Mrs. McArdle, Mr. and Mrs. 

KannnerMr.andMrs.Robert Lawrence Joseph George 

Kane, Jr. Mr. andMrs. Arthur Kubicki, Mr. Gene Low, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur McAuliffe, III, Mr. Thomas 

Kanold, Mr. and Mrs. Kuper, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Lowell, Mr. and Mrs. Robert McCormick,Mr.andMrs.C. 

William La Plante, Ms. Leah Lowry, Jr., Mr. Jares Deering 

Kaplan, Mr. and Mrs. Lagomasino, Ms. Leonor Lubin, Ms. Dona McCorquodale, Jr., Dr. and 

Douglas Lair, Mr. and Mrs. David Ludovici,Mr.andMrs.Philip Mrs. Donald 

Kaplan Mr. and Mrs. Laird, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Ludwig, Dr. and Mrs. McCready, Dr. James 

Lawrence Lake, Mr. John William McDaniel.Mr.andMrs.Scott 

Kaplan, Mr. and Mrs. Lambert, Mr. Robert Luginbill,Mr.andMrs.Mark McDonald, Ms. Gail 

Michael Lambert, Mr. and Mrs. V. E. Luker, Mr. and Mrs. Robin McDonald, Mr. and Mrs. 

Karl, Dra. Robert and Nilza Lancaster, Ms. Donna Lummus, Mr. and Mrs. Lynn Jackie 

Karras, Mr. Konstantine Landy, Mr. and Mrs. Burton Luytjes Mr. and Mrs. Jan McDonald, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kasdin, Mr. andMrs. Neisen Lane, Mr. Stephen Lynch, Mr. and Mrs. George James 

Kates, II1, Mr. and Mrs. John Langer, Mr. and Mrs. Allen Lynch, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph McDonald, Ms. Kimberly 

Katz, Mr. and Mrs. Hy Langlcy.Mr.andMrs.Wright Lyons, Mr. andMrs. Richard McDougal, Mr. Peter 

Katz, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Lann, Mr. and Mrs. Martin Mabbs,Mr.andMrs.Edward McDowell, Mr. C.R. 

Katzker, Mr. and Mrs. Lapa, Mr. Steve MacDonald, Mr. and Mrs. McGarry, Mr. and Mrs. 

William LaRusse, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Richard 

Kaufman, Mr. James Lawrence Mack, Mr. and Mrs. James McGovem, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kaufman, Mr. and Mrs. Lasa, Mr. and Mrs. Luis Mack, Ms. L. Christine Harry 

Robert Lasch, Ms. Linda and Mack, Mr. and Mrs. Stephen McGrath, Mrs. and Ann 

Keefe, Dr. and Mrs. Paul Whildin, Mr. L. MacNaughton, Mr. andMrs. McGuinness, Mr. and Mrs. 

Keeley. Mr. and Mrs. Brian Lauer, Dr. and Mrs. I. Jay Kevin Brian 

Keep, Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Lawrence, Mr. and Mrs. Magidson, Mr. and Mrs. McGuinness, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kehaya, Lisa and Peggi Edward David Frank 

Kendall, Mr. Harold Leary, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Magolnick, Ms. Rena and Mclver, Mr. and Mrs. Stuart 

Kenncdy,Mr.andMrs.Terry Lac, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Hustead, Mr. Robert McKinley, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kennedy, Ms. Trim Lee, Mr. and Mrs. Terry Mahoney, Mr. and Mrs. William 

Kennon, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Leftwich, Mr. and Mrs. Richard McLean, Mr. and Mrs. Bart 

Charles Robert Mahoney, Mr. and Mrs. Roy McLemore Mr. and Mrs. 

Kenny,Mr.andMrs.Edward Lehman, Mr. Douglas Maingot, Dr. and Mrs. Michael 

Kenyon, Mr. and Mrs. Lehman, Mr. Richard Anthony McMeniman, Jr. Mr. and 

Norman LeJuene, Mr. JF. and Maivet, Mr. Larry and Mrs. James 

Keppic, Mr. and Mrs. C.M. Pinson, Ms. R. Mattes, Ms. Jodi McNaughton, Dr. and Mrs. 

Kemess,Dr.andMrs.Wayne Leon, Mr. and Mrs. Abilio Maloy, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 

Kerr, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Leon, Dr. and Mrs. Rafael Richard McQuale, Mr. and Mrs. Jack 

Keusch, Dr. and Mrs. LeSuer, Ms. Elizabeth Man, Dr. and Mrs. Eugene McSwiney, Ms. Joyce 

Kenneth Levin. Ms. Pamela MankJr.,Mr.andMrs.Philip McTague,Mr.andMrs.R.H. 

Keyes, Mrs. Lee Levin, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Mann, Mr. Michael Means, Dr. and Mrs. 

Kilmartin, Ms. Patricia Levine, Dr. Harold Manship, Mr. and Mrs. E.K. William 

Kilpatrick, Mr. and Mrs. Levitt, Dr. and Mrs. Richard Maratos, Mr. and Mrs. Mehas, Ms. Patricia 

Charles Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Dimitrios Mendoza, Mrs. andMr. Enid 

Kinzer, Mayor and Mrs. Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Margoluis, Mr. and Mrs. Merlo, Mr. and Mrs. 

Mitchel Lewis, Dr. and Mrs. Sylvan Howard Guillermo 

Kirby, Mr. andMrs. N. Riley Lewis, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Mark, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Merritt, Mr. and Mrs. W.C. 

Kirschnr. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace Mark, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Metcalf, Drs. George and 

Morris Lianzi, Mrs. Margaret Markowitz, Mr. and Mrs. Elizabeth 

Kislak, Mr. and Mrs. Licbman, Dr. and Mrs. Robert Metka, Jr. Mr. Joseph 

Jonathan Norman Marks, Dr. andMrs. Clifford Meyers, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kistler, Mr. Robert Lindsay,Mr. and Mrs. Guion Marmesh, Dr. and Mrs. Addison 

Kligler, Ms. Judy Lipoff, Mr. and Mrs. Michael Millard, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Kline Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Norman Martell Mr. and Mrs. James Millard, Dr. and Mrs. Max 

Knczevich, Mr. and Mrs. Little, Mr. H. Kent Martin, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Millas, Mr. and Mrs. 

John Livesay, Mr. and Mrs. Leigh Martinez Mr. and Mrs. Louis Aristides 

Knotts, Mr. and Mrs. Kim Livingstone, Mr. Don Martinez-Ramos, Mr. and Miller, Dr. and Mrs. David 

Knotts, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Loewy, Mr. and Mrs. Ira Mrs. Alberto Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Edward 

Knowles, Mr. and Mrs. Logue, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Marvet, Mr. and Mrs. Larry Miller, Mr. andMrs. H. Dale 

Homer Lombana, Mr. and Mrs. Masson, Ms. Tesalia Miller, Mr. and Mrs. 

Kolthoff, Mr. Craig Hector Masterson, Mr. and Mrs. William 

Konopko, Mr. and Mrs. Joe Long, Mr. Glenn and Parks Millott, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel 

Koper, Jr., Mr. Theodore Cumins, Ms. Susan Matchette,Mr.andMrs.John Milner, Mr. Charles and 

Koss, Mr. and Mrs. Abe Long, Mr. and Mrs. James Matkov, Mr. and Mrs. Greenfield, Ms. Sharon 

Kossman Mr. and Mr. David Longo, Mr. Dennis Thomas Miot, Mr. and Mrs. Sanford 

Kozyak, Mr. and Mrs. John Lopez, Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Matthcws,Mr. and Mrs. Sam Mitchell Donor Mr. and Mrs. 

Karlsson


Mitchell, Mr. and Mrs. Newport, Ms. Carol Patti, Mr. Michael and Pruitt, Mr. Peter 

William Newton-Montiel,Ms. Brandi Gordon, Ms. Lizara Puga, Mr. and Mrs. J. David 

Mixon, Mr. Lany Nichols, Mr. D. Alan Paul, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Pugliese,Mr. andMrs.Robert 

Mocller, Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Paulk, Mr. Jule Purdy, Mr. and Mrs. Bruce 

Molt, Mr. and Mrs. Fawdrey Noqucira, Mr. Manny Pawley, Anita and Marcia Quackenbush, Mr. and Mrs. 

Monroe, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Nordt, Mr. and Mrs. John Paxton,Jr.,Dr.andMrs.G.B. L. Scott 

William Norman, Jr., Mr. and Mr. Payne, Mr. and Mrs. W.E. Quartin, Mr. and Mrs. 

Monsanto, Judge and Mrs. Colgan Peacock, Mr. and Mrs. Larry Herbert 

Joseph Norton, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Pearlman, Dr. and Mrs. Quick, Mr. and Mrs. David 

Monson, Mr. and Mrs. Noury, Mr. and Mrs. S. Donald Quintana, Mr. and Mrs. 

Charles Novack, Mr. and Mrs. Ben Peddle, Mr. and Mrs. Grant Francisco 

Montano, Mr. and Mrs. Novak, Mr. Alfred Pehr, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Quintana, Mr. Raul 

Fausto Nuche, Mr. and Mrs. George Pena, Mr. and Mrs. Marcelo Rabin, Ms. June 

Monteagudo, Mr. and Mrs. Nuckols, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Pena Mr. and Mrs. Walter Rabin, Ms. Sharla 

Mario B.P. Penichet, Mr. Claudio Rabun, Mr. and Mrs. 

Monzon, Mr. Jorge Nuehring, Mr. and Mrs. Pennckamp, Mr. John William 

Moore, Mr. andMrs. Donald Ronald Perez, Mr. and Mrs. Jorge Railey, Mr. and Mrs. 

Morales, Mr. and Mrs. J.R. Nunez,Mr.and Mrs.Eugenio Perez-Stable, Ms. Alina Constantine 

Morales, Mr. and Mrs. O'Donncll, Mr. andMrs. Jim Pergakis, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Ramicez, Dr. and Mrs. 

Santiago Odio, Mr. and Mrs. Cesar Pcrkins, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Salvador 

Moran, Mr. and Mrs. Ramon Ogden, Mr. John and Biggar, Perlman, Mr. and Mrs. David Ramos, Mr. and Mrs. Victor 

Morat, Mr. George and Car- Ms. Maryanne Perlmann, Mr. and Mrs. Ramsey, Dr. and Mrs. David 

nicelli, Ms. Gina Ohlzen,Mr. and Mrs.Ronald Aaron Randall, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Moreno, Mr. and Mrs. Oister, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. W.P. Perlmutter, Mr. Bernard and Randall, Mr. and Mrs. 

Sergio Olcott Mr. and Mrs. Charles Chamberlin. Ms. Pamela William 

MorganMr. and Mrs. Robert Olemberg, Mr. Roberto Perry Mr. and Mrs. LeRoy Randolph, Mr. and Mrs. 

Morris, Mr. and Mrs. A. Olle, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Perse, Mr. and Mrs. E.A. William 

Melvin Olson, Dr. and Mrs. Chuck Perwin, Mrs. Jean Rapee, Mr. and Mrs. Stuart 

Morris, Mr. and Mrs. David Olsson, Mr. Fred Peterson, Mr. and Mrs. Ravenscraft, Mr. Mark 

Morris, Mr. and Mrs. Don Onoprienko, Prof. and Mrs. Edward Reed, Mr. and Mrs. Barrie 

Morrison, Mr. and Mr. George Petit, Ms. Lynda Reichmuth, Mr. George 

Theodore Oppenheimer, Mr. and Mrs. Petrey, Mr. and Mrs. Reininger, Mr. Steve and 

Moses, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Robert Roderick Dannheisser, Ms. Lynn 

Moss, Mr. Alfred Oroshnik, Mr. and Mrs. Petriconc Mr. and Mrs. Ress. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis 

Moss, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Christopher Reubert, Mr. and Mrs. Jay 

Ambler Orr, Mr. Pablo E. and Pettigrew, Mr. and Mrs. Franklin 

Moss, Mr. and Mrs. Lyman Mederos-Sibila,Dr.Estrclla David Reyna, Dr. LJ. 

Mosteiro, Mr. and Manuel Ortega, Mr. and Mrs. Jose Piccini, Mr. and Mrs. Silvo Reyna, Mr. and Mrs. Patrick 

Mostel, Ms. Claire Osbom, Mr. and Mrs. Picrini, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Rhodes, Dr. and Mrs. Milton 

Moya, Mr. and Mrs. F.A. Michael Pierce, Mr. and Mrs. Julius Rich, Dr. and Mrs. Maurice 

Mulcahy, Mrs. Irene Osteen, Mr. and Mrs. Jim Pijuan, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Richard,Mr.andMrs.Michel 

Muller, Mr. and Mrs. Ostrovsky,Mr.andMrs.Abe Pimm, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Richards,Mr.andMrs.Louis 

Kenneth Otto, Ill Mr. and Mrs. Pistorino, Mr. and Mrs. John Richards, Mr. and Mrs. 

Mulligan, Mr. Donald Thomas Pitts, Mr. and Mrs. Victor William 

Munoz, Ms. Mary Overbeck, Mr. and Mrs. Platt Ms. Anne Richter, Mr. and Mrs. 

Munroe, Mr. and Mrs. William Plotkin, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Charles 

Charles Owens, Mr.andMrs. Francis Plotkin, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Rico, Mr. and Mrs. Justo 

Murai, Mr. and Mrs. Rene Owens, Mr. and Mrs. John Plummer, Mr. and Mrs. Rider, Dr. Dorothy and 

Murphy, Mr. Eugene and Paidas, Mr. and Mrs. George David Bonaparte, Mr. Mark 

Berman, Ms. Janine Pakula, Mr. and Mrs. Arnold Plunkett, Mr. and Mrs. Ripoll, Mr. and Mrs. Julio 

Murphy, Mr. andMrs. Roger Palazio, Ms. Carla William Risi, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Louis 

Murray, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Palenzuela, Mr. and Mrs. Pollack, Mr. Richard Rist, Mr. and Mrs. Karsten 

Harry Arturo Pollard, Mr. and Mrs. Rivera, Mr. Mario 

Murray, Mr. and Mrs. O.C. Palow, Mr. and Mrs. Murray Roache, Mr. andMrs.Robert 

Mustard, Misses Margaret & William Poole, Ms. Jeanette Roadman, Mr. Ross 

Alice Pampe, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Porfiri, Mr. and Mrs. Austin Roberts, Mr. and Mrs. Mike 

Myers, Ms. Ruth A. Porter, Mr. and Mrs. Robertson, Mr. andMrs.Neil 

Myers, Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Pancoast,Mr.andMrs.Lestr Raymond Robins, Dr. and Mrs. 

Nachwalter, Ms. Irene Pane, DVM, Dr. and Mrs. Poses, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Richard 

Nagel, Mr. and Mrs. Craig Robert Post, Mr. and Mrs. Budd Robinson,Honorable Steven 

Nagy, Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Pantin, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Powell, Mr. and Mrs. Earl Roca, Mr. and Mrs. Pedro 

Nash, Mr. Jim Leslie Powell, Mr. and Mrs. Larry Rodriguez, Mr. and Mrs. 

Navarro, Mr. and Mrs. Papper, Dr. and Mrs. Pozzesscre, Mr. and Mrs. Abelardo 

Eduardo Emanuel Dennis Rodriguez, Mr. Angel 

Navarro, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Parcell, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Prentiss, Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez, Mr.andMrs.Ivan 

Nestor Parker, Mr. Austin Wentworth Rodriguez, Dr. andMrs.Jose 

Nealer, Mr. and Mrs. Jim Parker, Mr. David Price, Ms. Judith and Cohn, Rodriguez,Mr.andMrs.Jose 

Neidhart, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Parker, Mr. and Mrs. Garth Mr. Charles Rodriguez, Mr. and Mrs. 

Nelson,Mr.andMrs. Sephen Parker, Ms. Janet Price, Mr. Lee Pablo 

Nemey, Mr. and Mrs. Denis Parker, Mr. and Mrs. Robin Primak, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Rodwell, Mrs. Dorothy 

Netsky, Mr. and Mrs. Martin Panes, Dr. andMrs. Edmund Promoff, Mrs. Adrienne Rogers, Mr. and Mrs. 

Nevins, Mr. and Mrs. Gary Parsons, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Prosperi, Ms. Chantal Charles 

Newman, Mr. and Mrs. Huber Provenzo, Dr. and Mrs. Rogers, Mr. and Mrs. 

Richard PattersonMr.andMrs. Harry Eugene William

92 TEQUESTA 

Rojas Mr. and Mrs. Esteban Ms. SchechtmanandMr. Sill Simpson, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. 

Rojas, Mr. and Mrs. Jose Schell, Ms. Patricia Eugene Richard 

Roldan, Mr. and Mrs. Scherker, Mr. and Mrs. Leo Sims, Ms. Candy Stieglitz, Mr. and Mrs. 

Enrique Schiff, Dr. and Mrs. William Sims, Mr. and Howard Albert 

Romano, and Mr. andMrs. Schiller,Mr.andMrs.Melvin Sindelar,Mr. andMrs.Robert Stillman, Mr. and Mrs. 

James Schindler,Mr.andMrs.Irvin Singer, Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Ronald 

Romney, Mr. Hervin R. Singer, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Stocks, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. GJ. 

Root, Mr. and Mrs. Keith Schmachtenberg, Mr. and Skaggs, Dr. and Mrs. Glen Stokesberry, Mr. and Mrs. 

Rosas-Guyon, Mr. Luis Mrs. Lee Skigen Mrs. Barbara John 

RosenMr. and Mrs. Norman Schmand, Mr. and Mrs. Skolnick, Mr. Nathan Stone,Ms.LyndaandBemdt, 

Rosenberg, Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Slater, Mr. and Mrs. William Mr. Ned 

Michael Schmutz Mr. and Mrs. Alan Slesnick, II, Mr. and Mrs. Strachman,Mr.andMrs.Saul 

Rosenberg, Dr. and Mrs. Schoen, Mr. and Mrs. Marc Donald Strauss, Mr. Robert 

Michael Schoen, Mr. and Mrs. Roy Slotnick, Mr. and Mrs. Struhl, Dr. and Mrs. 

Rosenberg, Ms. Norma Schreiber, Mr. and Mrs. Sol Michael Theodore 

Rosenblatt, Mr. and Mrs. Schuh, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Smiley, Mrs. Evelyn Stubins, Mr. and Mrs. 

Bernard Schulson,Mr.andMrs.David Smit, Ms. Pat Morton 

Roscnbluth, Ms. Joanne and Schulte, Mr. Thomas Smith, Sr., Mr. Chesterfield Suarcz, Mrs. Amanda 

Rigl, Mr. Stephen Schultz, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Suchman, Mr. and Mrs. 

Rosendorf, Mrs. Howard Edward Chesterfield Clifford 

Rosenthal, Dr. and Mrs. A Schultz, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Smith, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Sumner, Mr. and Mrs. 

Rosinek, Mr. and Mrs. Schwabedissen, Ms. Liz and Dwight Yancey 

Jeffrey Miller, Mr. Michael Smith, Mrs. Jacqueline Surless, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Rossin, Mr. Jay Schwartz, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Mr. Kenneth and Sussex, Dr. and Mrs. James 

Rossman,Mr.andMrs.Steve Allan Barker, Ms. Norma Jean Sussman, Mr. Jeff 

Roth, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Schwartz, Mrs. Jay Smith, Mr. and Mrs. L.W. Sussman Mr. and Mrs. 

Rothblatt, Ms. Emma Schwartz,Mr.andMrs.Larry Smith, Mrs. Lillian Leonard 

Rothman, Mr. and Mrs. Max Schwartz, Mr. and Mrs. Sol Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Sussman,Administrator Ms. 

Rouleau Ms. Carolyn Schwartz, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Patricia 

Routh, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Stanley McGregor Sussman, Mr. Sid 

Rubin, Dr. and Mrs. Richard Schwartz, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Ms. Pat Sutton, Mr. H. Bruce 

Rubinson, Dr. and Mrs. Warren Smith, Mr. and Mrs. R.C. Swartz, Mr. and Mrs. 

Howard Schwedel, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Mr. Ralph Thomas 

Rudolph, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Robert Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Steven Swink, Mr. and Mrs. 

Ruffner, Mr. and Mrs. Schweitzer, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas William 

Charles Gary Smith, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Tansey, Mrs. Barbara 

Ruiz, Mr. and Mrs. Rene Scott, Mr. and Mrs. James William Taracido, Mr. and Mrs. 

Rumble, Mr. and Mrs. John Scurtis, Mr. and Mrs. John Snedigar,Mr.andMrs.James Manuel 

Russ, Mr. Denis Scidenman, Mr. and Mrs. Snow, Dr. and Mrs. Selig Tate, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore 

Ryan, Mr. James Sylvan Snyder, Mr. and Mrs. Larry Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. 

Ryder,Mr. andMrs. William Selts, Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Socol, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Thomas 

Ryskamp, Judge and Mrs. Seltzer Mr. and Mrs. A.F. Soldinger, Mrs. Lillian Tellez, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene 

Kenneth Shaw, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Soliday, Mr. and Mrs. John Temkin,Mr.andMrs.Ronald 

Sacher, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Solomon, Mr. and Mrs. Tendrich, Mr. and Mrs. 

Charles Shealy, Mr. and Mrs. Walter Alfred Howard 

Sackett, Mr. andMrs. Joseph Sheehe, Mr. andMrs. Phillip Solomon, Mr. and Mrs. Terman, Mr. and Mrs. 

Saffir, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Sheffnan, Ms. Tamara Joseph Herbert 

Sager, Mr. and Mrs. Bert Shelley, III, Mr. and Mrs. Soper, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Test, Ms. Peggy 

Sager, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Robert Sorondo, Dr. and Mrs. Juan Theobald, Mr. and Mrs. 

Sain, Ms. Dosha and Orr, Shey, Mr. and Mrs. Leo Soto, Mr. and Mrs. Edward William 

Ms. Allyne Shields, Mrs. Eileen Sottile, Mr. and Mrs. James Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Sakhnovsky, Mr. and Mrs. Shipley, Mr. and Mrs. Vergil Spatz, Mr. and Mrs. Carl Cyrus 

A.A. Shippec, Dr. and Mrs. Robert Spector, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Thompson, Mr. Loren 

Salow, Mr. and Mrs. Arturo Shoaf, Mr. and Mrs. David Spector, Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Samberg, Mr. and Mrs. Mike Shoffner, Mr. and Mrs. A. Martin Thomas 

Sanders, Mr. and Mrs. George Spencer, Mr. John Thurer, Dr. and Mrs. Richard 

Sanford, Jr. Individual Mr. Shohat, Mr. and Edward Spencer, Ms. Susie Thurlow, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

E. Philip Short, Rev. and Mrs. Riley Spitzer, Mr. and Mrs. Jan Tom 

Santarella Mr. and Mrs. Shrewsbury, Mr. and Mrs. Splane, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Thurmond, Mrs. Alice 

Joseph Homer George TigermanMr.andMrs.Craig 

Santos, Mr. Rolando Shugar, Mr. and Mrs. Irving Spool, Mr. and Mrs. Philip Tipmore, Mr.and Mrs.Floyd 

Sapp, Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Sibley, Mr. and Mrs. Blair Squillante, Ms. Judith Tipton, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 

Sarasohn, Dr. Sylvan Siegel, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Stadler, Ms. Linda Todd, Mr. Nelson and 

Sardina,Dr.andMrs.Ricardo Siegmeister, Dr. J. Stanfill, Dr. and Mrs. L.M. Eidinire, Mrs. Gail Warren 

Sasnett, Mr. David Siferd, Mr. L. Frances Stanley, Mr. andMrs.Donald Tomlinson, Mr. and Mrs. 

Satuloff, Mr. and Mrs. Barth Silverman, Mr. and Mrs. Eli Steams, Mr. and Mrs. Reid Oren 

Saulson, Mr. and Mrs. Silverman, Mr. and Mrs. Stein, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Tones, Mr. and Mrs. Hilario 

Stanley Gerald Stein, Mr. and Mrs. Michael Touchton, Mr. and Mrs. 

Sawyer, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Silverman,Mr. andMrs. Saul Steiner, Mrs. Barbara Thomas 

Scarr, Ms. Helen Simmons,Mr.andMrs.Glen Steinhaucr, Mr. and Mrs. ToupinMr. andMrs. Edward 

Schachleiter, Mr. and Mrs. Simon, Mr. and Mrs. Gary Adolph Trammell, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

John Simon, Mr. and Mrs. Larry Stem, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Marshall 

Schaefer, Ms. Norah Simonet, Judge Jose and Stewart, Mrs. Cynthia Traum, Mr. and Mrs. Sydney 

Schafer, Mr. and Mrs. George Comras, Mrs. Rema Stewart, Dr. and Mrs. Harris Trejo, Ms. Maria


Trilling, Sr., Mr. Morton Thomas Williams, Ms. Celia Richard 

Troha, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Wall, Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Williams, Mr. Fred Wolven, Mr. and Mrs. Fred 

Troop, Mr. and Mrs. Alan Ward, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Williams, Lt. Col. and Mrs. Wood, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas 

Tschumy, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Wasserman, Mr. and Mrs. Freeman Woods, Mr. and Mrs. John 

William Martin Williams, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. Woods, Mr. and Mrs. 

Tucker, Mr. and Mrs. Keith Watson, Mr. and Mrs. Carey George Thomas 

Tucker-Griffith. Dr. Gail Watson, Ms. Hattie Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Woolsey, Mr. Tom 

Tuggle, Mr. and Mrs. Auby Watson, Ms. Lori Richard Wooten, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Turnoff, Judge and Mrs. Watts, Ms. Stephanie Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Worden, Mr. and Mrs. 

William Webb, Mr. andMrs. William William Malcolm 

Tyre, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Webber, Mr. and Mrs. Willis, Mr. andMrs. Noman Worley, Mr. and Mrs. 

Ullman, Mr. and Mrs. Conrad Wills, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Eugene 

Michael Wchking,Mr.andMrs.Mike Wilson, Ms. Barbara Worley,Jr.Mr.andMrs.Jack 

Unger, Dr. and Mrs. Stephen Weiner Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. David Worley,Jr.,Mr.andMrs.Paul 

Usategui, Mr. Ramon Weingrad, Dr. and Mrs. Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Worm, Ms. Rita 

Vadia, Mr. and Mrs. Jorge Daniel Wilson, Mr. Tom and Worth, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Vadillo,Dr. andMrs. Alberto Weir, Mr. and Mrs. James Bonacic, Ms. Trish Wright, Mr. and Mrs. 

Valdez-Fauli, Mr. and Mrs. Weisberg, Mr.andMrs. Alan Wimbish, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Charles 

Raul Weisberg, Mr. and Mrs. Wimmers, Mr. and Mrs. Wruble, Dr. and Mrs. Lloyd 

Van Etten, Mr. Thomas Maxwell Howard Yaeger, Ms. Marilyn 

Van Orsdel, Mr. and Mrs. Welbaum, Mr. and Mrs. R. Windrem, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Yanno, Mr. and Mrs. Robert 

Clifford van Valkenburgh, Earl Winslow, Jr., Dr. Oliver Yelen, Mr. and Mrs. Bruce 

Mr. and Mrs. James Weldon, Mr. and Mrs. Winslow,Dr.andMrs.Philip Yeoman, Mr. and Mrs. 

VanderWyden, Mr. William Malcom Winston, Mr. and Mrs. Wayne 

Vandesande, Ms. Melissa Wells, Mrs. Barbara Michael Yoder, Mr. and Mrs. L. 

Vanegas, Mr. Luis Wenck, Mr. and Mrs. James Winter, III, Mr. and Mrs. Donald 

Vasqucz, Mr. and Mrs. Werer, Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Calvin Young, Ms. Barbara and 

Richard West, Mr. and Mrs. Everett Wirkus, Mr. and Mrs. Huff, Mr. R. 

Vazquez, Ms. Odalys Westfall, Ms. Bette Leonard Young, Mr. Craig 

Veenstra, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Weston, Mr. and Mrs. David Wisecup, Mr. and Mrs. Young, Mr. and Mrs. John 

Visser, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Wetli, Dr. Charles Lawrence Zakis, Mr. Andrew 

Vitagliano, Mr. and Mrs. Whatley, Mr. Keith and Wisham, Mr. and Mrs. D. Zane, Dr. and Mrs. Sheldon 

Francis Connor, Ms. Andrea Wisotsky, Mr. and Mrs. Zannis, Mr. Thomas 

Vladimir, Mr. and Mrs. White.Sr.Mr.andMrs.H ugh Steven Zapetis, Mr. and Mrs. James 

Andrew White, Mr. and Mrs. Withers, Mr. and Mrs. Zavertnik. Mr. andMrs.John 

Voss, Mrs. Nancy Theodore Knoxie Zdon, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Waas,Mr.andMrs.Maxwell Whiteside,Mr.andMrs.Eric Wittenstein, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph 

Wadle, Mr. and Mrs. David Wick, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Zeder, Mr. and Mrs. Jon 

Waksman, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Wolf,Dr. andMrs. Benjamin Ziers, Mrs. Joyce 

David Wickett, Mr. Richard Wolff, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Zies, Dr. and Mrs. Pater 

Waldin,Jr.,Mr.andMrs.Earl Wilkins, Mr. Joe William Ziff, Mr. and Mrs. Sanford 

Walker, Ms. Sara and Willensky, Mr. and Ms. Wolfson, Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Zimmett, Mr. and Mrs. Craig 

Ccrvoni, Ms. Casey Harvey Wolfson, Mr. and Mrs. Zuckerman, Mr. and Mrs. 

Walker, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. 

Marvin 

Individual 

Abemathy, Mrs. Ann Arnold, Mr. Mike Becker, Ms. Hilda Black, Mr. Roy 

Adams, Mrs. Betty Arnold, Ms. Patricia Becton, Ms. Irene Blackwell, Mr. Stephen 

Adams, Mrs. E.C. Aronson, Mrs. Faye Beels, Mr. Robert Blakeslee, Miss Zola Mac 

Adams, Mr. Gus Arrington, Ms. Viviana Belanger, Ms. Joyce Blount, Mrs. Sylvia 

Adams, Mrs. Lamar Atwood, Mr. Anthony Benn, Mr. Nathan Blyth, Ms. Mary 

Adler, Ms. Sharry Ayres, Mr. Frederic Bennctt, Ms. Barbara Boon, Mr. Ed 

Al-Quscims, Mr. Jabir Babson, Mrs. Dorothy Bennett, Ms. Dorothy Boldrick, Mr. Samuel 

Albietz, Ms. Carol Bagg, Jr., Mrs. John Bennett, Ms. Dorothy Boruchin, Ms. Diana 

Albright, Ms. Julie Bainbridge, Ms. Lois Bennett, Ms. Hazel Bosselman, Mr. Fred 

Allen, Mrs. Eugenia Baldwin, Mr.. C. Jackson Bennett, Ms. Sarah Boswell, Mr. James 

Altman, Ms. Ruth Balfe, Mr. Alex Bennett, Ms. Sharon Bower, Mr. Roy 

Alvarez, Mrs. Gloria Balfe, Mrs. E. Hutchins Benovitz, Dr. Larry Bradfisch, Ms. Jean 

Alvarez, Mr.. Lino Balfe, Ms. Roberta Benson, Mr. Edwin J.M. Bradley, Mrs. William 

Amigo, Ms. Julia Balli, Mr. Charles Berg, Ms. Brenda Brady, Ms. Margaret 

Amnudown, Ms. Margot Baquero, Mr. Jose Berkowitz, Mr. Mark Brady, Mr. Raymond 

Amsterdam, Mr. Carl Barnes, Ms. Ava Beming, Ms. Cyane Brammer, Mr. Don 

Ancona, Mrs. John Bamette, Ms. Betty Biedron, Mrs. Charlotte Bramson, Mr. Seth 

Anderson, Mrs. Betty Barrett, Mr. J.T. Bigelow, Mr. John Branncn, Mrs. H. Stilson 

Anderson, Ms. Reba Barrist, Ms. Lori Biggane, Ms. Jacquelyn Brant, Mrs. Anne 

Andros, Mr. Ted Baumez, Mr. W.L. Bill, Ms. Diane Brewer, Ms. Charlotte 

Anholt, Ms. Betty Beagle, Mr. James Bills, Mrs. John Brian, Mr. J. Andrew 

Anilo, Mr. Bill Beamish, Ms. Josephine Biondi, Mrs. Jerris Bridges, Ms. Kathy 

Arias, Ms. Ana Maria Beatty, Ms. Jacqueline Birchmire, Mrs. Thomas Brooks, Mr.. J.R. 

Armbruster, Ms. Ann Beazel, Ms. Mary Bittner, Mr. Warren Brown, Jr., Mr. A.L. 

Armstrong, Mr. Charles Bechamps, Mr.. E. N. Black. Rev. Raymond Brown. Mrs. Andrew

94 TEQUESTA 

Brown, Mrs. Caress Crampton, Dr. Donald Ewald, Ms. Joan Gopman, Ms. Beth 

Bruce, Mrs. Threse Crockwell, Mr.. Alan Eystcr, Mr. Irving Gordon, Mr. Harold 

Bryant, Mr. Thomas Cross, Mr. David Faber, Mrs.. Mary Gordon, Dr. Mark 

Buckle Mrs. Bernice Croucher Mr. William Farrell, P.A., Mr. John Gowin, Dr. Thomas 

Buhler, I, Mr. Emil Crump, Mrs. Dorothy Fascell, Rep. Dante Grafton, Ms. Martha 

Buhler, Mrs. Paul Cuevas, Ms. Judith Feehan, Mr. Paul Gratton, Mrs. Joanne 

Buhler, Mr. Phillip Culmer. Mrs. Leone Feenan. Mr. Arthur Gray, Ms. Pricilla 

Burgess, Mr. Gordon Culpepper, Ms. K.M. Feinberg. Ms. Elaine Green, Ms. Lloma 

Burnett, Ms. Sandy Cummings, III, Mr. George Fellabom, Ms. Roberta Greenfield, Dr. David 

Burrows, Mr. David Cunningham, Mr. Charles Fernandez, Dr. Daniel Gregory Mr. Lcdford 

Burrus, Jr., Dr. E. Carter Cunningham, Mr. Frank Fernandez, Mr. Wilfredo Greist Mr. John 

Bush, Mr. Blake Cunningham, Mr. Justin Feurtado, Ms. Mary Grentner, Ms. Lynn 

Bussel, Ms. Ann Curl, Mr. Donald Fichtner, Ms. Margaria Griffith, Mr. Glenn 

Byrd, Ms. Barbara Cutler, Dr. Edward Finenco, Mrs. Nell Grill, Ms. Joanne 

Carbajo, Mr. Antonio Dacy, Mr. George Finley, Mr. George Gross, Ms. Sherry 

Cardillo, Ms. Juliet Dakan, Ms. Ellen Fisch, Sister Jean Gross, Dr. Zade 

Caridad, Mr. Miguel Daniels, Mr. Fred Fisher, Mr. Ray Grosz, Mr. Armin 

Carlson, Mr. Don Daniels, Mrs. Kathleen M. Fishman, Mrs. Bibi Grout, Ms. Nancy 

Carroll, Mrs. Edith Dansky, Mr. King Fishwick, Mr. Joseph Grover, Ms. Marlene 

Carter, Ms. Carla Daugherty, Ms. Georgette Fitzgerald-Bush, Mr. Frank Grutzbach, Mrs. Margaret 

Cason, Mr. Robert Daughtry, Mr.. Dcwitt Fitzgibbon, Dr. J.M Gunn, Ms. Donna 

Cassady, Ms. Janet Daum, Mr.. Phillip Fleischmann, Mr. Thomas Gutierrez, Ms. Maria 

Cassclberry, Jr. Mr. Hibbard David, Ms. Anne Flors, Mrs. Maria Hale, Ms. Kay 

Caster, Mrs. George Davidson, Ms. Ursula Florcz, Mr. Leopoldo Hall, Mr. Frank 

Catlow, Mrs. Patty Davis, Mr. Jim Flowers, Ms. Dorothy Hall, Ms. Isa 

Caudell, Ms. Helen Davis, Ms. Marion Floyd, Mr. Robert Hampton, Ms. Elizabeth 

Cavaco, Ms. Mia Davison. Mr. Carleton Fonseca, Dr. Luis Hanafourde, Mrs. John 

Chacon, Mr. Angel Davison, Ms. Lisa Ann Foote, Mrs. Edward Hananian, Ms. Juliet 

Chaille, Mr. Joseph Davison, Mrs. Walter Foote, Miss Elizabeth Hancock, Mrs Ruby 

Chapcll, Ms. Connie Dawson, Ms. Phyllis M.G. Ford, Mr. Richard Hanley, Ms. Barbara 

Chastain, Mrs. Dixie Day, Ms. Jane Foster, Ms. Sheila Harring, Ms. Margie 

Chauncey, Mr. Donald Dayhoff, Ms. Sandy Frankel, Mrs. Blossom Harris, Mrs. Henrictte 

Chawlik, Mr. Walter De Foor, Mr.. J. Allison Franz, Mr. John Harrison, Dr. Robert 

Cheezem, Ms. Jan De Los Santos, Ms. Adele Freeman, Ms. Susan Harwell, Miss Wanda 

Chesley, Ms. Josephine Deans, Mr. Douglas Frcier, Miss Arlene Harwood, Mrs. Manton 

Chicvara, Ms. Catherine DeNies, Mr. Charles Fried, Ms. Leah Hathom, Mrs. Muriel 

Chiefa, Ms. Cynthia Derloth, Ms. Linda Friedman, Ms. Emily Hauser Mr. Leo 

Chin, Mrs. Sandy Devillk, Ms. E. Josephine Frisbic, Ms. Annette Hawes, Jr., Mr. Leland 

Christ, Mrs. Anita Dewitt, Ms. Betty Ruth Fritsch, Miss Rcnee Hawkins, Mrs. Dorothy 

Christensen, Mr. Steve Diaz, Ms. Alicia Frohbose, Ms. Elizabeth Hecht, Mrs. Isadore 

Christopher, Mrs. JJ. Diaz, Ms. Angela Frohock, Mr. John Heckerling, Mrs. Ruth 

Chrystic, Ms. Margot Diaz, Mr. Jose Frost, Mr. Raymond Heims, Mr. Neil 

Cibula, Ms. Kathy Diaz, Ms. Louise Fuchs, Mr. Richard Heinlein, Ms. Carole 

Clark, Ms. Lydia Dickey, Mrs. Robert Gacnsslon, Mr. Roy Heithaus, P. 

Clark, Mrs. Mae DiDomenico, Mrs. Margie Galatis, Ms. Marjorie Heldt, Ms. Agneta 

Clark, Mr. Robert Dicterich, Ms. Emily Gale, Ms. Mrs. Janice Helfand, Ms. Roselee 

Clay, Ms. Dana Dinsmore, Mrs. Marion Garcia, Mrs. Joyce Helliwell, Ms. Anne 

Clay, Ms. Madeline Dittrich, Mrs. Mildred Gardincr, Ms. Janet Helms, Mr. Roy 

Cleary, Mr. Timothy Dobrow, Dr. Stephen Gargano, Ms. Caron Helsabeck, Ms. Rosemary 

Coburn, Mr. Louis Doermr, Mrs. Rosemary Garis, Mrs. Millicent Hepler, Mrs. Charlene 

Cohen, Mrs. Nancy Dominguez, Mr. Juan Garrard, Ms. Jeanne Herin, Mr. Thomas 

Cole, Mr. Robert Donnelly, Mr. J.F. Garrett, Mr. Frank Hernandez, Ms. Julia 

Coleman, Ms. Hannah Dorsey, Mrs. Mary Garrison, Ms. Pamela Herring, Mrs. V.R. 

Collins, Ms. Mary Doss, Mr. William Garvin, Ms. Carol Hertz, Ms. Linda 

Collins, Ms. Theresa Downs, Mrs.s. Dorothy Gaub, Dr. Margaret Hen, Ms. Marilyn 

Colsky, Dr. Irene Drew, Mrs. HE. Gauger, Ms. Marcia Hill, Mr. Gregory 

Conchcso, Ms. Maria Teresa Drulard, Mrs.. Mamie Gawley, Mrs. Lorraine Hines, Ms. Phyllis 

Conde, Ms. Mabel Dugas, Mrs. Faye Gerace, Mrs. Terence Hinrichs, Ms. Anita 

Conduitte, Ms. Catherine Dumas, Mr. Earnest Gerhart, Mr. George Hiscano, Mr. Michael 

Cone, Mr. Larry Dunn, Mr. Hampton Gibbs, Mr. W. Tucker Hobennan, Mr. Richard 

Conesa, Ms. Lillian Duvall, Mrs. John Gillies, Ms. Patricia Hodge, Ms. Nedra 

Coanon, Mr. Lyndon Eakins, Mr. William Ginsburg, Mr. Robert Hodges. Mr. Charles 

Conell, Ms. Helen Eaton, Ms. Sarah Gittclson, Mr. Abraham Hodus, Mr. Jack 

Connllan, Ms. Barbara Ederer, Ms. Norma Gladstone, Mr. John Hochl Mr. John 

Conner, Mrs. Daphne Edward, Mr. Jim Glacsc, Ms. Barbara Hofstein, Ms. Susan 

Cook, Mr. Steven Ellis, Mr. John Glass, Ms. Minna Hofstetter, Mrs. Ronald 

Cooke, Mrs. Francis Elsasser, Ms. Ruth Glattauer, Mrs. Alfred Holland, Jr., Mr. Charles 

Cooper, Mr. Paul Engel, Ms. Beatrice Gleason, Mr. William Holmes, Mr.Andrcw 

Corbelle, Mr. Armando Engel, Dr. Gertrude Goldenberg, Mrs. Anna Hooper, Ms. Patricia 

Corson, Mr. Hal Ernst, Ms. Patricia Goldstein, Mr. Albert Hoppenbrouwer, Mr. Walter 

Costello, Mr. James Errickson, Mr. David Goldstein, M.D. Edward Hornby, Mr. M. 

Courtright, CLU, John Etling Mr. Walter Goldstein, Judge Harvey Horta, Ms. Teresa 

Cox, Mrs. Petcy Eugene, Brother Gometz, Ms. Anne Hoskins, Mrs. Eddie 

Cox-Jones, Mrs. Janice Evans Mr. Don Gonzalez, Mr. William Houser, Mrs. Naomi 

Craig, Ms. Norma Evans, Ms. Linda Goodin, Jr., Mr. Jack Howard, Dr. Paul


Howe, Mrs. Helen Lacey. Mr. Robert Ms. Martha Muniz, Mr. Manuel 

Howell, Mr. Roland Lamme, Mr. Robert Marcus, Mrs. Bessie Murphy, Mrs. Patricia 

Howl, Mrs. Martha Lancaster, Ms. Patricia Mark, Mr. Wayne Murray. Miss Mary 

Huber, Mrs. Anna Lancaster, Mr. R.D. Marks, Ms. Carol Myers, Ms. Lillian 

Hubsch, Sr., Mr. Robert Lane, Ms. Elizabeth Marks, Ms. Toby Narup, Mrs. Mavis 

Humkey, Mr. Joe Lang, Mr. Richard Markus, Mr. Victor Nasca, Ms. Suzanne 

Hunter, Mr. William Larsen, Mr. Paul Marshall, Mr. Art Nelson, Mr. Jonathan 

Hutchinson, Mrs. Katheryn LaRussa, Ms. Lynne Martin, Jr.,Dr. John Nelson, Mr. Theodore 

Hutton, Mr. Tom Lawson, Dr. Martin, Ms. Kimberly A. Nemeti, Ms. Gay 

Ingraham, Jr., Mr. William Laxson, Sr., Mr. Dan Martinez, Ms. Odalys Neumann, Mr. Robert S. 

Irvin, IlI, Dr. George Lazarus, Mrs. Theodora Mason, Mrs. Joe Newman, Mr. Peter 

Iturrey, Mrs. Sylvia Lc Wells, Ms. Gena Mason-Smith, Ms. Lynette Newman, Mr. Stuart 

Jacobs, Mrs. Ruth Leduc, Ms. Charlotte Massa, Mrs. Jeanmarie Niles, Mr. James 

Jacobson, Dr. George Lee, Ms. Linda Masterson, Mrs. Nancy Nimnicht, Mrs. Helen 

Jacobstein, Dr. Helen Lee, Mr. Roswell Matesanz, Mrs. Alice Nimnicht, Mrs. Mary Jo 

Jacoby, Mr. Ken Lee, Jr., Mr. Roswell Matheson, Mr. Bruce Nitsche, Ms. Caroline 

Jaffe, Ms. Leah Leesha, Miss Sara Matheson, Mr. James Nitzsche, Mrs. R. Ernest 

James, Ms. Mary Lehman, Mrs. David Maura, Ms. June Noble, Dr. Nancy 

James, Dr. O.E. Lehman, Ms. Joan Mayes Ms. Bernice Nodarse, Ms. Anita 

Jenkins, Mr. Todd Leiber, Mr. Robert McAliley, Ms. Janet Nolton, Mr. Ron 

Jerome, III, Dr. William Lciva, Mr. William McAllister, Mr. Jim O'Brien, Mrs. Hermania 

Joffe, Esq., David Lenox Ms. Teresa McCartney, Mr. Chuck Oliphant, Mr. Richard 

Johnson, Mr. Frederick Leon, Jr., Mr. Salvador McCormick, Ms. Martha Orlen, Ms. Roberta 

Johnston, Ms. Suzanne Leonard, Mr. Joseph McCulloch, Mr. John Orlin, Ms. Karen 

Jolley, Mr. Robert Leslie, Ms. Nancy McGraw, Ms. Judy Oscar, Ms. Marie 

Jones, Ms. Anne Lester, Mr. Paul McGuire, Ms. Jeanie Osman, Mr. Peter 

Jones, Mrs. Henrietta Levin, Mr. Marc Mclntosh, Ms. Jeannette Ostrout, Jr., Mr. Howard 

Jones, Ms. Jacqueline Levine, Dr. Robert McKenna, Mrs. Alice Oswald, Mr. M. Jackson 

Jones, Ms. Sally Lewensohn, Mr. San McKenzie Dr. Jack Otterson, Ms. Dana 

Jones, Mr. Thompson Lewis, Mr. Harry McKinney, Mr. Bob Overstreet, Ms. Estelle 

Jordan, Ms. Katharine Lewis, Mr. Kirk McLean, Mr. John Overstreet, Jr., Mr. James 

Jurika, Mr. Louis Libert, Ms. Sharon McLean, Ms. Leonone Pacheco, Ms. Anna 

Kaiser, Ms. Roberta Liles, Mrs. E.Cark McLean, Ms. Lou Palmer, Mrs. Mary 

Kallwcit, Mr. Lothar Limousin, Ms. Flore McLeod, Mrs. William Paparella, Mrs. Denise 

Kanzer, Ms. Barbara Lineback, Ms. Janet McNaughton, Mrs. Virginia Parente, Mr. Robert 

Kashmcr, Ms. Ann Linehan, Mrs. John McSuiggan, Mr. G. Park, Jr., Mr. Dabncy 

Kassewitz, Mrs. Ruth Link, Mrs. E.A. Mederos, Mr. Oscar Parker, Mr. Crawford 

Kaston, Mr. Elie Lippert, Mr. Kemp Medina, Mr. Robert Parks, Ms. Jeanne 

Kathe, Mr. Guy Lippincott, Ms. Carol Mejias, Asmara Parks, Mrs. Merle 

Kearney, Mrs. Pamala Lipscomb, Mrs. Elizabeth Meltzer, Ms. Toni Parsons, Mrs. Edward 

Keaton, Ms. Martha Livingston, Mr. Grant Mendez, Mr. Jesus Parsons, H. Scott 

Keely, Mrs. Lucile Livingston, Mr. Robert Merritt, Mrs. Isabel Paugh, Mr. Gerald 

Keith, Mr. Scott Locrky, Ms. Donna Metz, Jr., Mr. J. Walter Paul, Ms. Jean 

Keller, Ms. Barbara Lombardo, Ms. Barbara Meyers. Mrs. Bert Peabody, Mr. Edward 

Kelley, Dr. Robert London, Mr. Jordan Middelthon,Jr.,Mr.William Pearce, Mrs. Edgar 

Kelly, Ms. Pat Lopez, Mrs. Maria Miclke, Mr. Timothy Pearson, Ms. Madeline 

Kent, Mrs. Frederick Lorencz, Ms. Valerie Millar, Mrs. Gavin Peeler, Ms. Elizabeth 

Kern, Ms. Carolyn Love, Ms. Mildred Milledge, Ms. Evalyn Peeples, Mr. Vemon 

Kessler, Ms. Loraine Lowery, Mrs. Nereida Miller, Ms. Gertrude Pell, Ms. Gloria 

Kilberg, Mrs. AJ. Lubel, Mr. Howard Miller, Ms. Margaret Pelton, Dr. Margaret 

King, Sr., Mr. Arthur Lukach, Ms. Joan Miller, Ms. Paula Pepper, Jr., Mr. John 

King, Mr. Dennis Lukens, Mrs. Jaywood Miranda, Ms. Mary Ann Perez, Mr. Rafael 

Klein, Mr. Mason Lummus, Ms. Martha Mitchell, Ms. Katherine Perez-Piedra, Mr. Salvador 

Klingensmith, Mr. Charles Lund, Ms. Joyce Mitchell, Mrs. L. Diane Perner, Mrs. Henry 

Knapp, Jr., Mrs. Morris Lunnon, Mrs. Betty Mitchell, Mr. Thomas Perrone, Ms. Carolyn 

Knight, Mr. Jeffrey Lunsford, Mrs. Mrs. E. C. Mitich, Mr. Louis Peters, Mrs. Rita 

Knott, Judge James Lynch, Mrs. Jeannette Mizrach, Mr. Larry Peters, Dr. Thelma 

Koestline, Ms. Frances Lynch, Mr. Joseph Mohl, Jr., Mr. Raymond Phelps, Mrs. Dorothy 

Kogon, Ms. Michele Lynfield Mr. 11. Geoffrey Mondres, Ms. Lois Phillips, Mrs. Lynn 

Kokenzic, Mr. Henry Lynn, Ms. Kathryn Monk, Mr. J. Floyd Pierce, Mrs. Margie 

Kolski, Mrs. Patricia MacCullough, Mr. Don Mooers, Mrs. Claire Pietro, Mrs. Virginia 

Komorowski, Ms. Camilla Mackle. Ms. Milbrey Moore, Mr. Patrick Pittman, Mr. Robert 

Kononoff, Ms. Hazel MacLaren, Ms. Valerie Moore, Mr. William Platt, Mr. Jeffrey 

Koski, Ms. Antoinette Madsen, Ms. Mary Morales, Ms. Michele Porter, Mr. Daniel 

Koder, Mr. Meyer Maholm, Rev. Richard Morris, Mrs. Edwin Posner, Mr. Joseph 

Kouchalakos, Mr. Peter Mahoncy, Mr. Michael Morris, Ms. Thomasine Posner, Mr. Martin 

Kramer, Ms. Sandra Majewski, Ms. Mabel Morrison, Mrs. Jean Postlethwaite, Ms. Nina 

Kriebs, Mr. Robert Malinin, Mrs. Dorothy Moses, Mr. James Powell, Ms. Eva-Lynn 

Krieger, Mr. Stanley Malone, Mrs. Claire Moss, Ms. Pamela Prado, Ms. Miriam 

Kubota Mr. Mieko Mangels, Dr. Celia Moure, Mrs. Almalee Price, Mr. Bedford 

Kulpa, Mr. Bob Manktelow, Ms. Loretta Moylan, Jr., Mrs. E.B. Primus, Mrs.Maude 

Kyriakos, Mr. Paul Manlio, Dr. F.L. Moynahan, Mr. John Provost, Mr. Orville 

LaBauve, Ms. Caroline Manly, Ms. Grace Muir, Mrs. W.W Pullen, Ms. Judith 

La Belle, Mr. Dexter Marceline-Garcia, Muncey, Mr. John Purdy, Ms. Betty

96 TEQUESTA 

Purvis, Mrs. Hugh Schaffer, Ms. Becky Sue Steinmctz, Mr. Christopher Walcutt, Ms. Norma 

Quesenberry, Jr., Mr. Scherr, Mrs. Ruth Stevens, Ms. Anne Waldron, Mrs. Neal 

William Schneider, Mr. A. Stevens, Dr. Elizabeth Wallace, Mr. Michael 

Quincy, Ms. Suzanne Schneiderman, Ms. Stewart, Ms. Ruth Waller, Mr. David 

Ragan, Ms. Patti Stephanie Stickler, Mr. Robert Walters, Ms. Ruthe 

Rahm, Mrs. Virginia Scholtz, Ms. Mary Stock, Ms. Ruth Ward, Ms. Doris 

Raiden, Mr. Michael Schuh, Mr. Niles Stockheim, Ms. Jeane Washburn, Mrs. James 

Ramiez, Miss Lissette Schulte, Mrs. W. Stofik Ms. Marty Waters, Miss Elva 

Ramos, Ms. Pauline Schulte, Mrs. William Stone, Mrs. A.J. Watson, Ms. Carol 

Ramsey, Mrs. Manuela Schwartz, Mrs. Geraldine Stone, Dr. Arline Watson, Mrs. Elizabeth 

Rankin, Ms. Sally Schwartz, Ms. Jane Stone, Mrs. Muriel Webb, Mr. Harold 

Rappaport, Dr. Edward Scott, Ms. Kathy Storm, Ms. Larue Webster, Ms. Nancy 

Rasmussen, Mrs. Ray Segal, Mr. Martin Stovall, Ms. Lucy Weinkle, Mr. Julian 

Ray, Mr. Peter Segal, Mrs. Natalie Strait, Ms. Patricia Weintraub, Mr. Robert L. 

Reagan, Jr., Mr. A. James Seitlin, Ms. Janet Strobl, Miss Annett Weiss, Mr. Daniel 

Redding, Ms. Susan Selig. Ms. Amy Suiter, Ms. Patricia Weiss, Ms. Dita 

Reed, Ms. Donna Selinsky, Dr. Herman Sullivan, Mr. Patrick Weiss, Mrs. Milton 

Reed, Ms. Eve Sellati, Mr. Kenneth Sundquist Mr. Percy U.H. Weiss, Ms. Susan 

Reeder, Mr. William Semes, Mr. Robert Suris, Ms. Beatriz Weiss, Ms. Tracy 

Regotti, Ms. Terri Seminario, Mrs. Betty Sutton, Ms. Carmen Weit, Mr. Richard 

Reid, Mrs. Janet Sequeira, Ms. Antonieta Swartz, Ms. Donna Wellington, Ms. Flora 

Rein, Mr. Martin Scrkin, Mr. Manuel Sweet, Mr. George Wenzel, Ms. Barbara 

Reisman, Mrs. Gail Sessions, Ms. Ellen Swischer, Ms. Pam Werblow, Mrs. Marcella 

Rempe, Ms. Lois Shafer, Ms. Kathryn Swisher, Mr. John Wescott, Mr. William 

Renick, Mr. Ralph Shapiro, Mr. J.H. Szita, Ms. Blanche West, Ms. Beverley 

Reno, Esq., Ms. Janet Sharer, Mr. Cyrus Tanner, Mrs. Gwen Westbrook, Mrs. AJ. 

Riano, Ms. Maria Sharp, Ms. Sandy Taro, Ms. Linda Westmoreland, Ms. Colleen 

Rice, Sister Eileen Shaw, Ms. Emilie Tassinari, Ms. Caprice Wetterer, Ms. Mary 

Rice, Jr., Mr. R.H. Shaw, Mrs. Henry Tatham, Mr. Thomas Wheeling, Mr. Craig 

Rice, Mr. Ralph Shaw, Mrs. W.F. Tatol, Ms. Julie White, Mr. Richard 

Richards, Ms. Rose Sheeran Ms. Kathy Taylor, Mr. James Whitmer, Mrs. K.S. 

Richheimer, Ms. R. Sheffield, Mrs. Charlotte Taylor, Ms. Jane Whitney, Ms. Brenda 

Ricketts, Mrs. Ronald Shepard, Mrs. Sara Taylor, Mrs. Jean Whitworth, Judge Lewis 

Ridolph, Mr. Edward Sherman, Ms. Dr. Joanne Tcasley, Mr. T. Wickman, Ms. Patricia 

Rieder, Mrs. William Siao, Miss Siu Kim Teed, Ms. Mary Wiener, Mr. Don 

Riess, Mrs. Marie Sigale, Mr. Merwin Tharp, Mrs. Charles Wiggins, Mr. Larry 

Riley, Mrs. O.V. Silver, Mrs. Doris Thayer, Ms. Laura Wilder, Mr. Jo 

Ritter, Mrs. Emma Silver, Mrs. Mrs. Sam Thayer, Ms. Margaret Wilken, Mrs. Jane 

Roberts, Mr. Richard Silverman, Ms. Judy Theakston, Mrs. Pierce Williams, Mr. GL. 

Roberts, Ms. Ruth Simpson, Mrs. Eleanor Thomas, Mr. Phillip Williams, Ms. Linda 

Rodriguez, Ms. Ofelia Sizemore, Ms. Christina Thompson, Mr. Michael Willing, Mr. David 

Rogers, Mr. John Skipp, Ms. Marjorie Thompson, Ms. Roberta Willis, Ms. Helen 

Rogers, Mrs. Shirley Slusser, Mr. Bruce Thornton, Esq., Mr. Dade Willis, Mrs. Hillard 

Roller, Mrs. Rachel Smith, Jr., Mrs. Avery Tierney, Ms. Cecilia Farrey Willis, Mr. Walter 

Rollins, Ms. Annie Smith, Mr. Daniel Tighe, Ms. Russica Wills. Mr. Billie 

Rood, Mr. Nathan Smith, Mr. Emanuel Timanus, Mrs. Martha Wilson, Mr. Daniel 

Roper, Ms. Margaret Smith, Mr. Harrison Tompsett, Ms. Clara Wilson, Ms. Mary 

Rose, Ms. Brenda Smith, Ms. Rebecca Towle, Mrs. Helen Wilson, Ms. Sandra 

Rosen, Mr. Paul Smith, Mrs. Richard Tranchida, Mr. Michael Witmer, Ms. Marcilenc 

Rosendorf, Jr., Mr. Howard Smothers, Mr. Lawrence Tremols, Mrs. Alicia Wolf, Mr. Steve 

Roser, Mr. Aliz Sniffen, Mr. Lon Trcsize, Mr. John Wolkowsky, Ms. Edna 

Ross, Mrs. Audrey Snyder, Mrs. Wahl Trias, Mr. Ramon Wood, Mr. Edward 

Ross, Mr. Jay Solano, Ms. Irma Tripp-Blue, Mrs. Margaret Wood, Mr. William 

Roth, Mrs. Shirley Sommers, Mr. L.B. Trudeau, Mr. Joe Woodall, Ms. Anna 

Rowen, Ms. Cccy Sonderegger, Ms. Martha Tucker, Mr. Bruce Wright, Ms. Carolyn 

Ruden, Mrs. Eliza Sorondo, Ms. Astrid Turner, Ms. Molly Wright, Dr. lone 

Rullman, Ms. Jean Spector, Mr. Brent Twcad, PH.D, Thomas Wunderlc, Mr. Horace 

Ryan, Jr., Mr. AJ. Spencer, Mr. John Udell, Ms. Marilyn Yarborough, Ms. Joan 

Sackman, Ms. Arlene Sperling, Mr. Stephen Uffendell, Mrs. William Yehle, Ms. Jean 

Sala, Ms. Carin Speroni, Mr. Donald Underwood, Mrs. Jean Yost, Mr. Roger 

Salerno, Ms. Evelyn Spore, Ms. Mary Urquiola, Mr. Narciso Young, Ms. Emilie 

Salley, Mrs. Sadie Spratt, Jr., Mr. William Valla, Mrs. Eileen Young, Mr. Montgomery 

Salomon, Mr. Carlos Spurling, Mr. George Valladares, Mr. Pablo Zabsky, Mr. Harold 

Salzman, Ms. Phyllis Stacey, Mr. George Vallee, Rev. Robert Zakis, Ms. Michele Lynn 

Samet, Mr. Alvin Stark, Miss Judi Van Eaton, Ms. Eleanor Zapf, Mr. John 

Sampieri, Ms. Deborah Starr, Ms. Sandra Van Meek, Ms. Luz Zawisza, Ms. Christina 

Samson, Dr. Stephen Starrett, Ms. Michelle Vanderlaan, Mr. Charles Zciner, Ms. Carol 

Sanchez, Mr. Alan Steams, Ms. Laura Vannostrand, Mr. David Zephirin, Ms. Christine 

Sanders, Mrs. Zannie Stcbbins, Ms. Karen Venditti, Mr. Robert Zerivitz, Mrs. Marcia 

Sanford, Jr., Mr. E. Philip Stedman, Mr. Carling Vera, Mr. George Kerstein 

Santos, Mr. Arnold Steel, Mrs. William Vickers, Ms. Audrey Ziegler, Mr. Joe Pigman 

Santos, Ms. Robbye Stein, Ms. Lois Viele, Mr. John Zimmerman, Mrs. Louis 

Sax, Ms. Connie Steinberg-Rogow, Mrs. Villamil, Mr. Juan Zuckerman, Mr. Bertram 

Saye, Jr., Mr. Roland Jacquelyn Walaitis, Ms. Jane Zwerner, Mrs. Carl 

Scarborough, Mrs. Chaffee


Institutions 

Allen County PublicLibrary Hemingway Museum Miami Public Library (SD) Stanford University 

American Antiquarian HenryE.HuntingtonLibrary Miami Public Library (WD) State Library of Florida 

Society Hillmann & Carr, Inc. MIAMI TIMES Stetson University 

Barry University Library Historic Preservation Michigan State University Tampa Public Library 

Brandeis University Library Division Monroe County Library Tarpon Springs Cultural 

Broward Cty. Historical Historical Library and Museum of Archaeology Center 

Commission Museum Museum of Fla. History Tennessee St. Lib. & 

City of Coral Gables Historic Historical Research Dept. New York Public Library Archives 

Preservation Lake Worth Public Library Newberry Library The Audubon House/Key 

City of Hialeah Library LIBRARY-ABC-CLIO. OlinLibrary/RollinsCollege West 

CollierCountyPublicLibrary INC. Orange County Library Univ. of Central Florida 

Detroit Public Library Loxahatchee Historical System Univ. of Washington 

Duke University Library Society Perrine Cutler Ridge Libraries 

El Portal Womans Club LUNDEQUISTSKA Polk County Historical University of California 

F.LU. M.D.C.C. Library University of Florida 

F.LU.(NC) MartinCountyPublicLibrary Pompano Public Library University of Iowa 

Fla. Atlantic University Miami Beach Public Library PrincetonUniversity Library University of Michigan 

Florida Classics Library Miami Public Library (cg) So. Fla. Water Mgt. District University of Pennsylvania 

Florida Southern College Miami Public Library (CG) St. Lucie Cty. Library University of South Florida 

Florida State University Miami Public Library (dt) System WestPalmBeachPublicLib. 

Harvard College Library Miami Public Library (ND) St. Thomas University Wisconsin St. Historical 

Society

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