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CD-R Compatibility Study – Phase 2 • The consistency of the individual manufacturing processes as shown in the measured parameters was impressive. Almost all parameters showed standard deviations less than two times the measurement repeatability. • With the exception of “push-pull” measured parameters were within Orange Book specification for almost all media. Push-pull is known to be high for many media (especially when measured with linear polarization parallel to the grooves), and negative effects of this are not known. • There is a tendency in the industry to cluster the parameter values in a much tighter range than required by the Orange Book. Most media look very similar from a parameter point of view. The few exceptions that are outside these tight clusters are usually still well within specification. In final conclusion it was found that the CD-R media industry shows clear signs of reaching maturity in the absolute values and the consistency of the measured parameters. The manufacturing processes used appear to converge on much tighter specifications than formally required, which is another sign of a mature industry that centers on specification values for optimal system margins. 6.1 Tester Properties All measurements were executed on an Apex Systems OHMT-500 CD-R tester, which can test both pre-recorded and recording parameters of CD-R media. The basic tester characteristics are: • Wavelength 782 nm, NA = 0.50, linear polarization (parallel to groove) • Peak recording power 18 mW (5 ns rise & fall times) • Spindle shaft radial runout < 2 µm (< 0.07 µm non-repeatable) • RF read channel DC - 30 MHz + 1 dB 6.2 Pre-recording Parameters 6.2.1 Measurement Procedure The following parameters were measured on sets of five unrecorded media from 11 different manufacturing processes. DLV Linear velocity (1X) when locked to (22 kHz) wobble (m/s) and at radii 26, 33, 40, 47 and 54 mm: Rl Land reflectivity (%) © OSTA – Optical Storage Technology Association 7
CD-R Compatibility Study – Phase 2 Rg Groove reflectivity (%) PP Push-pull RC Radial contrast RN Radial noise (nm) WA Wobble amplitude WC Wobble CNR AE ATIP errors (1X) over 3,000 frames each Before measurement of each set of five discs, one of two control discs was measured for the same parameters. 6.2.2 Control measurements A summary of the control measurements (six on each control disc) is given in Appendix A. In addition to the individual measurements on discs CO1 and CO2, their average over the disc is given. The graphs under the tables show the averages of the six measurements. As an illustration of the variation encountered, the two separate graphs for groove reflection and wobble amplitude show all individual measurements. The statistics of the test show that, within the accuracy, there was no observable drift in any of the measurements. The standard deviation of the control results give the following repeatability of the measurements: DLV - 0.002 m/s, Refl. - 0.3%, PP - 0.001, RC - 0.004, RN - 0.5 nm, WA - 1.5 nm, WC - 0.5 dB, AE - 1 There were some problems with the Wobble CNR measurement routine software, resulting in several missed measurements in both the controls and actual tested media. Early in the tests the ATIP measurement board was replaced, and measurements were repeated to obtain a full set of ATIP error tests. However, some control measurements for this were skipped. 6.2.3 Individual Media Series Measurements All participating manufacturers (indicated by AA, BB, ..., LL) submitted five discs, here numbered 1 - 5. These were measured for all parameters. Individual measurements for a manufacturer were averaged and tabulated in a series comparison (Appendix A). From the statistics of all manufacturers a median, average and standard deviation were determined. The median, median + 1 standard deviation (upper sd) and median - 1 standard deviation (lower sd) were then put back into the individual tables to allow comparison with the total industry results. 8 © OSTA – Optical Storage Technology Association
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CD-R Computability Study - Phase 2
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