An Introduction to Mesoscopic and Nanometer Scale Physics (PDF)
An Introduction to Mesoscopic and Nanometer Scale Physics (PDF)
An Introduction to Mesoscopic and Nanometer Scale Physics (PDF)
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Quantum mechanics <strong>and</strong> measurement<br />
Wave function is frequently superposition of different components with well<br />
defined quantum numbers<br />
Example<br />
Wave function<br />
ψ (x) = sin(2πk 1<br />
x) + (1/ 2)sin(2πk 2<br />
x) + (1/ 2)sin(2πk 3<br />
x)<br />
Measurement of momentum can give three possible values<br />
p 1<br />
= hk 1<br />
p 2<br />
= hk 2<br />
p 3<br />
= hk 3<br />
What is observed in a single measurement? Either p 1<br />
or p 2<br />
or p 3<br />
What is the average momentum recorded after many measurements?<br />
Average determined by weights of different momentum functions<br />
p ave = (2/3) p 1<br />
+ (1/6) p 2<br />
+ (1/6) p 3
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