An Introduction to Mesoscopic and Nanometer Scale Physics (PDF)

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Advantages of quantum computers Example: Factorization of large numbers (important in cryptography, internet security, etc.) RSA-129 Challenge problem 15 = 5 x 3 4633 = 41 x 113 1143816257578888676692357799761466120102182 9672124236256256184293570693524573389783059 7123563958705058989075147599290026879543541 =34905295108476509491478496199038 98133417764638493387843990820577 X 32769132993266709549961988190834 461413177642967992942539798288533 Took 8 months, 600 people and equivalent of 750 ten-MIPS computers (April, 1994) For a 300-digit number, a 1 THz classical computer will take 150,000 years with a 1 THz quantum computer, it will take less than 1 second
Experimental realizations of qubits Atomic and molecular systems NMR on ensembles of spins Atomic energy levels Trapped ions Photons Solid state qubits Electron spins in quantum dots Superconducting devices Other systems Electrons on liquid helium Spins in semiconductors Nano-electromechanical systems
Page 1: An Introduction to Mesoscopic and N
Page 4 and 5: Wave Mechanics: Double slit experim
Page 6 and 7: Interference of electrons Now elect
Page 8 and 9: Interference of electrons-effect of
Page 10 and 11: Quantum Tunneling ψ(x) V(x) Classi
Page 12 and 13: More about wave functions Classical
Page 14 and 15: Heisenberg uncertainty principle Im
Page 16 and 17: Quantum mechanics and measurement W
Page 18 and 19: In search of Schrödinger’s Cat I
Page 20 and 21: Combinations of qubits Now consider
Page 22 and 23: Quantum coherence Quantum interfere
Page 24 and 25: The Aharonov-Bohm effect ϕ 1 = ϕ
Page 26 and 27: The Aharonov-Bohm effect in disorde
Page 28 and 29: The Aharonov-Bohm effect in disorde
Page 30 and 31: Quantum operations Consider a two-l
Page 32 and 33: Double qubit quantum operations Now
Page 36 and 37: Fabrication of nanogap devices High
Page 38 and 39: Sample measurement Dilution or 3 He
Page 40 and 41: Superconducting qubits- the Cooper
Page 42 and 43: Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems (NE
Page 44 and 45: Detection of Nanometer Scale Motion
Page 46 and 47: Quantum limit in mechanical oscilla

An Introduction to Mesoscopic and Nanometer Scale Physics (PDF)

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