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NEWS<br />
Positive and negative<br />
Beaver activity can have both positive and negative effects on freshwater fish.<br />
That’s the conclusion <strong>of</strong> the most thorough review ever undertaken <strong>of</strong> the effects<br />
<strong>of</strong> beavers on freshwater fish.<br />
<strong>The</strong> review was carried out for SNH by the University <strong>of</strong> Southampton. It’s<br />
based on studying the scientific literature and surveying 45 fishery managers and<br />
scientists, along with beaver ecology experts, mainly in North America where most<br />
<strong>of</strong> the research has been carried out. <strong>The</strong> report discusses the implications <strong>of</strong> this<br />
work for the European beaver in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
Among the negative effects are beaver dams, which can sometimes stop<br />
fish moving up or down in narrower rivers and streams. <strong>The</strong>re were also reports<br />
<strong>of</strong> some spawning areas being lost immediately upstream <strong>of</strong> dams due to more<br />
silt being present. <strong>The</strong>se effects can change over time and the influence on fish<br />
populations remains unclear.<br />
Beavers can also have positive effects on fish. <strong>The</strong>se include an increase in the<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> habitats in streams and a greater area for the rearing and overwintering<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish. <strong>The</strong>re are also reports <strong>of</strong> an increase in invertebrates, such as insects, on<br />
which fish feed. Beaver activity may also help to provide refuge during periods <strong>of</strong><br />
high or low water flows.<br />
Overall, the positive effects were mentioned more frequently (157 times)<br />
than the negative effects (102 times). In the survey <strong>of</strong> independent experts, the<br />
responses to more than half (58%) <strong>of</strong> the questions suggested that the impact <strong>of</strong><br />
beavers on fish was positive, with 21% negative and the remainder neutral.<br />
<strong>The</strong> report concludes that the negative impact <strong>of</strong> beavers on the movement<br />
<strong>of</strong> fish and the availability <strong>of</strong> suitable spawning habitat can be at least <strong>of</strong>fset by<br />
the benefits. <strong>The</strong>se include an increase in the variety <strong>of</strong> habitats and the resulting<br />
increase in the abundance and productivity <strong>of</strong> fish, including salmon.<br />
16<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Nature</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>