Literature review to assess bird species connectivity to Special ...

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Table 9 - Summary of distances between alternative nest sites Species Red-throated diver Black-throated diver Red kite Hen harrier Goshawk Golden eagle Osprey Merlin Peregrine White-tailed eagle Short-eared owl Black grouse Golden plover Greenshank Dunlin Curlew Distance between alternative nest sites Distances of 1km are not unusual. Likely to be similar to above: within 1km. Within 1km. Generally within 1km. Generally 200-300m apart, but can move to new territories up to 2.5km away. Less than 3km apart in high density areas; up to 6km apart elsewhere. Within 2km. Generally within 500m, but can be up to 1.5km. Mean distance of 3km, and maximum distance of 6.5km. Generally within 3km, and a maximum distance of 12km. No information. Within 2km range. No information. No information. No information. No information. 48
4. REFERENCES Arroyo, B.E. Leckie, F., & Redpath, S.M. (2006). Habitat use and range management on priority areas for hen harriers: final report. CEH report for SNH. Arroyo, B.E. Leckie, F., Amar, A., Hamilton, J., McCluskie, A. & Redpath, S. (2005). Habitat use and range management on priority areas for hen harriers: 2004 report. CEH report for SNH. Baines, D. (1994). Seasonal differences in habitat selection by black grouse Tetrao tetrix in the northern Pennines, England. Ibis, 136, 39-43. Baines, D., Warren, P. & Calladine, J. (2002). Spatial and temporal differences in the abundance of black grouse in relation to reductions in sheep grazing. Aspects of Applied Biology, 67. Birds and Agriculture. Bibby, C.J. (1987). Foods of breeding Merlins Falco columbarius in Wales. Bird Study, 34, 64-70. Bright, J.A., Langston R,H.W., Bullman, R., Evans, R.J., Gardner, S., Pearce- Higgins, J. & Wilson, E. (2006). Bird sensitivity map to provide locational guidance for onshore wind farms in Scotland. RSPB Research Report, 20 available for download from http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/sensitivitymapreport_tcm9-157990.pdf Brown, L. (1976). British Birds of Prey. Collins. London. Buckland, S.D., Bell, M.V. & Picozzi, N. (eds.) (1990). The Birds of North-East Scotland. North-East Scotland Bird Club, Aberdeen. Byrkjedal, I. & Thompson, D.B.A. (1998). Tundra Plovers: The Eurasian, Pacific and American Golden Plovers and Grey Plover. T. & A.D. Poyser, London. Caizergues, A. & Ellison, L. (2002). Natal dispersal and its consequences in black grouse. Ibis, 144, 478-487. Calladine, J. (2002). Verification of current management prescriptions advocated for black grouse in the UK: a literature review. BTO report to RSPB. Calladine, J., Crick, H. & Wernham, C. (2005). Development of methods for surveying and estimating population size of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus). BTO Research Report, 394. Carter, I. (1997). The reintroduction of red kites in England. English Nature/Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Progress Report: April 96-March 97. Carter, I. (2001). The Red Kite. Arlequin Press, Chelmsford. Carter, I & Grice, P. (2000). Studies of the re-established red kites in England. British Birds, 93, 304-322. Cayford, J.T. (1990). Distribution and habitat preferences of black grouse in commercial forests in Wales: conservation and management implications. Proceedings of the International Union of Game Biologists’ Congress, 19, 435-447. Cayford, J.T. (1993). Black grouse and forestry: Habitat requirements and management. Forestry Technical Paper 1. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh. Cayford, J. & Hope Jones, P. (1989). Black grouse in Wales. RSPB Conservation Review, 3, 79-81. Clarke, R. & Watson, D. (1990). The hen harrier Circus cyaneus winter roost survey in Britain and Ireland. Bird Study, 37, 84-100. 49
Page 1 and 2:
Scottish Natural Heritage Commissio
Page 3 and 4: COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary Literat
Page 5 and 6: Tables Page Table 1 - Species revie
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION Proposals for opera
Page 9 and 10: 2. SPECIES ACCOUNTS 2.1 Red-throate
Page 11 and 12: 2.2 Black-throated diver 2.2.1 Fora
Page 13 and 14: High flying, up to 1000m, can also
Page 15 and 16: moved in successive years between s
Page 17 and 18: 2.5 Goshawk 2.5.1 Foraging Core for
Page 19 and 20: Nest locations were regularly distr
Page 21 and 22: Ringing recoveries of an adult fema
Page 23 and 24: 1986). A pair on a home range in th
Page 25 and 26: Grant & McGrady (1999) followed two
Page 27 and 28: 2.7.5 Habitat use Likely habitat us
Page 33 and 34: will subsequently role away, or til
Page 35 and 36: 2.11 Short-eared Owl 2.11.1 Foragin
Page 37 and 38: 2.12 Black grouse 2.12.1 Foraging H
Page 39 and 40: making longer movements (5 to 10km)
Page 41 and 42: Thompson, 1998). Other interactions
Page 43 and 44: 2.14 Greenshank 2.14.1 Foraging Cor
Page 45 and 46: 2.15 Dunlin 2.15.1 Foraging Foragin
Page 47 and 48: 2.16 Curlew 2.16.1 Foraging Core fo
Page 49 and 50: 2.18 Wintering geese 2.18.1 Foragin
Page 51 and 52: to about 7 km from the roost (Malco
Page 53: 3.2 Foraging ranges during winter s
Page 57 and 58: Fuller, R.J. & Lloyd, D. (1981). Th
Page 59 and 60: Mearns, R. (1985). The hunting rang
Page 61 and 62: Rebecca, G.W. & Bainbridge, I.P. (1
Page 63 and 64: Whittingham, M.J., Percival, S.M. &
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