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WHETE. ETCHING AREAS ...
{continued from page 39)
size and direction of the stress, and they
can point out possible starting points for
flank damage.
In order to come to a quantitative conclusion
about the definite connection between
calculated paths of tension and the
formation and direction of WEA on the
tooth flanks, ,3 further .ana]ysis must examine
the influence of residual stress,
which, especiallyat the surface, must not
be negleded.
It isa1so unclear whether the temperatures
that locally occur at the flanks can
cause a tempering process, and, thereby,
the decay of the WEA structure over a
longer time.
Ref~l'ences
1. BORG£SE, S.A., A 5t11dy o/the Growth
Mechanism 0/ LmticuIar Carbides in
Cyclically Stressed 52100 Steel. Research
Labor.atory, SKF Industries, Inc., 1968.
2. EYRE, T.S. and BAXTER, A. 'The Formations
of While Layers at Rubbing SIH'-
faces." Metals and Materials, 1972,,,p.
142-146.
3. KENGERER, F. WCAS, G. and uu-
JEKVIST, B,. "Development of Roller Element
Steel and Its Matnufacture." Heat
Treating Technical R~port 3D, 1975, 2,
pages 91·98. Un German)
4. JOACHIM, F.J. .Investigation of Pitting in
Heat Treated and Normalized Gears.
Dissertation, TU Munch n, 1984. ([n
German)
5..KASER, W. Can tn'buting Factors to Pitting
on Case-Hardened' Gears. Influence
of Case Depth and .Lubrication on the
Flank l.oad Carryil1,g Capacity. Disserta-
Ilion, TU Milnchen, 1989. (ln German)
6. MARTIN, J.A., 130RGESE:,B.A. and
EBERHARD, A.D. "Microstructural
Alterations ,of Rollil\g~Bea:ring Steel
Unde:rgoing Cyclic Stressing:' Trans.
Amer. Soc. Mech,. Eng .. 59, 1966, pp,
555-567. ..
'I. MARTIN, I,A., BORCESE, S.A.. and
EBERHARD', A.D. Third Summary
Repo.rt on Structural Studies of .Bearing
Steel Undergoing Cyclic Stressing.
Research laboratory, S](f Industries,
lnc., 1967.
S. NIEMANN. G. and WINTER, H.
Machine Elemenfs, Volume 2, Springer-
Verlag, 1983. (In German) .-
9. OSTER, P. The Stress 011 Gear Flanks in
Elastic-Hydrodynamic Terms. Dissertation,
TU Miinch n, 1982. Un Gelman)
10. SCHLICHT. H. "Regarding th Formalion
of White Etching Areas (WEAl in
Rolling Elements." Heat Treating
TeclmicalRep0r128 (1973) 2. pp, 112-123.
(In German)
11. STAHu, G. "Possibilities and Limitations
of Rapid Surface Hardening on Steel,"
Heat Treating Technical Ri?por134 (1979)
2. PI'. SS-6J. (In German)
12. SWAHN, H., BE.CKER, P.c. and
VINGSBO, O. "Martensite Decay Durin~
Rolling Contact Fatigue in BaLIBearings."
MIior gut' mll\utlCtuNl'l In thelUtomotive
IIKI Mlion Industry rely on the'
quality 01 HoHmann IPreliur. F)ler
Systtml lor IheIr eonvenlionallnd CBN
'grinding appIicIflonJ.
The comblllltion of h.igl'l ~ fIHratIon:,
,coolant lemperalUlI' stablllD&n Md
mJlt cOUtclIon ' urea manulacturtng at
precISIon gem.
MetalIrlrgical Tra,ISQctio'I5 A, Vol. 7A,
1976, S. 1099-1110.
13. VOSKAMP, AP., et al., "Gradual
Changes in Residual Siress and Microstructure
During Contact Faligu in Ball
Bearings." Metals Teclmology, 1980, S.
14-21.
Acknowledgement: Reprinted willi permission of fhl.'
A merican Gear Manufacturers Assoaation. The opi·
nions. statements and (onc/usiafl I1reserlti1d,"lhis
paper are those of the Authors ,m" ill· no way represellt
the positiol1 or opinion of tile AMERICA.N
GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION.
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INI GEAR
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September/October 1989 45