Prismatik UniPack Technique Manual - Glidewell Dental Labs

Dental Technology
Reference Guide
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PRODUCTS
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Dental Technology
Reference Guide
Prismatik UniPack Ceramic
Technique Manual
Written support material for video training programs.
Prismatik Dentalcraft, Inc. is not responsible for any damages or other liabilities (including attorney fees) resulting, or
claimed to result in whole or in part, from actual or alleged problems arising out of the use of this information. The
techniques, procedures and theories presented herein are provided in good faith and believed to be correct as of the
date hereof. Any dental professional viewing this presentation must make his or her own decisions about the use of
the materials and techniques for specific situations.
No representations as to the completeness or accuracy of this information is given, and no representations or warranties,
either express or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or of any other nature are made
hereunder with respect to the information or the product to which information refers.
Copyright © 2006, Prismatik Dentalcraft, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 – Beneficial Properties of the Prismatik Ceramic System
Opalescent Properties........................................................................................ 1
Color and Shading Properties ........................................................................... 1
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) Data ................................................. 2
Wear and Opposing Compatibility Factors....................................................... 3
Time and Temperature/Optical and Physical Characteristics .......................... 3
Prismatik Firing Chart........................................................................................ 5
Prismatik Shade Indicator ................................................................................. 6
Chapter 2 – Understanding the Prismatik Ceramic System
The UniPack System .......................................................................................... 7
Opaque Powders................................................................................................ 7
Margin Powders ................................................................................................. 7
Opaceous Dentin Powders ................................................................................ 8
Pre-blended Dentin & Incisal Powders............................................................. 8
Opal Incisal Powders......................................................................................... 8
Add-On Powders................................................................................................ 9
Stain and Glaze Powders................................................................................... 9
Universal Stain & Glaze Liquids........................................................................ 9
Universal Build-up and Opaque Liquids .......................................................... 9
Chapter 3 – UniPack Techniques
Posterior Opaque Technique ........................................................................... 10
Posterior Build-up Technique.......................................................................... 13
Posterior Stain & Glaze Techniques ................................................................ 15
Anterior Opaque Technique ............................................................................ 17
Anterior Build-Up Technique .......................................................................... 20
Anterior Stain and Glaze Techniques.............................................................. 22
Anterior Shoulder Butt Margin Technique...................................................... 24
Opaceous Dentin Technique ........................................................................... 28
Multiple-Unit Restorations ............................................................................... 29
Prismatik Ceramic Kits .............................................................................................30
Troubleshooting Guide....................................................................................................31

Chapter 1 – Beneficial Properties of the
Prismatik Ceramic System
Welcome to the world of Prismatik TM Ceramics. Glidewell Laboratories Research
and Development has developed three new prismatically blended high-strength
ceramics in the form of Prismatik UniPack TM , Prismatik NetPress TM and Prismatik
ThinPress TM . These ceramics have incisal pre-blended with dentin that will save
valuable production time and improve upon the shade fidelity of your ceramic
restorations. Prismatik Ceramics eliminate the need for layering of multiple powders
to achieve accurate shades and natural-looking esthetics. This exciting new
system has proven very successful in laboratory production with over 100,000
restorations for more than a two-year period.
Opalescent Properties
The Opal Incisal ceramic contains opalescent particles
that match the patient’s natural teeth when
exposed to a variety of light sources. The particles
refract, reflect and scatter light that results in
an opalescence that appears orange in light transmission
and blue when it reflects light. This property
results in a restoration that reflects, absorbs
and blends like natural dentition.
Color and Shading Properties
Prismatik Ceramics have been spectrophotometrically
designed to ensure that the shades
provide predictable hue, value and chroma
consistent with the Vita Classic Shade Guide.
Prismatik Ceramic Powders have been formulated
according to translucency/opacity ratios.
This results in the ability to eliminate incisal
cutback procedures, saving valuable time during
the fabrication process. If increased incisal
translucency is indicated or desired, normal
incisal cutback and translucent layering techniques
lend themselves readily to this technique.
1

Normal staining and glazing procedures are applied after final contour and contact
adjustment of the restoration is completed.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) Data
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion data varies considerably with the same ceramic
material regardless of the manufacturer. This is due to time and temperature conditions
when sintering any material. Therefore all CTEs reflect a coefficient range
rather than one set coefficient parameter. (See Figure 1 – Prismatik CTE Data
Chart.)
Prismatik UniPack
Figure 1 – Prismatik CTE Data Chart
Delta-L(evaluated) [µm]
Delta-L(evaluated)[pu61705M]
Linear Expansion
Alpha-tech[pu61705M]
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
500.0°C 12.82E-6/K
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
Temperature(smoothed) [C°]
Figure 1 reflects the variance of CTE time and temperature tests conducted with
Prismatik Ceramic materials.
2

We may conclude from these tests that Prismatik Ceramic powders are compatible
with a wide variety of frequently used alloys with the thermal expansion ratios
covering a broad range from 13.6 ppm to 14.8 ppm (25-500ºC). Due to the vast
number of ceramic alloys on the market today it is impossible to recommend compatible
alloys that can be successfully employed in partnership with the Prismatik
Ceramic System. Please contact your alloy manufacturer’s technical department for
a list of CTE compatible alloys in accordance with the CTE data chart.
Wear and Opposing Compatibility Factors
One of the prime considerations when selecting a ceramic material has to be the
wear factor of the material and how it affects the opposing dentition. Prismatik
Ceramic exhibits much less wear loss compared to conventional porcelain-fusedto-metal
restorations because of the small leucite crystals. Many dental patients
with Prismatik restorations in place are already benefiting from its superior kindness
to opposing dentition and low ceramic wear.
Time and Temperature/Optical and Physical Characteristics
Most of the desired esthetics in ceramic materials is established during the first
body bake. (See Figure 2 - Prismatik UniPack Firing Parameters.) The firing chart
is provided to give you a recommended starting point in order to achieve the
proper high sintering temperature in your furnace. To achieve a natural glaze on
the restoration if desired and to ensure proper sintering of the porcelain mass it is
always better to err on the higher end of the ideal sintering temperature rather
than the lower end. Overfusion reduces porosity but it also lowers value. Repeated
firings at the high end of the proper sintering phase will also lower the coefficient
of thermal expansion of the porcelain.
Under-fusion results in more opacity of the material and it lowers chroma. It also
produces higher value restorations. Underfiring produces a weak restoration
3

ecause it doesn’t reduce porosity in the porcelain mass. This could lead to fractures
or a poor bond. An underfired restoration after the first bisque bake will also
make natural glazing very difficult. An excellent standard when determining proper
time and temperature sintering parameters for a first firing is to compare it to the
glaze on a shade tab. If it is too dull or too shiny after the first bake adjust your
furnace up or down to compensate until you achieve the desired shade tab gloss.
Overfired Underfired Perfect
To compensate for variances in furnace firings for opaque, dentin and stain and
glaze bakes, raise the final temperature either up or down in increments of 41°F
(5°C) until a visual match of the shade guide surface texture is achieved.
4

Figure 2 – Prismatik UniPack Firing Parameters
1st Opaque 2nd Opaque Margin 1st Bake 2nd Bake Glaze Add-On
Low Temp.
538°C
1000°F
538°C
1000°F
482°C
900°F
380°C
716°F
380°C
716°F
482°C
900°F
482°C
900°F
Pre-Dry Time 6 min. 6 min. 4 min. 6 min. 6 min. 6 min. 6 min.
Heat Rate
55°C/min.
100°F/min.
55°C/min.
100°F/min.
39°C/min.
70°F/min.
55°C/min.
100°F/min.
55°C/min.
100°F/min.
55°C/min.
100°F/min.
55°C/min.
100°F/min.
Vac. Level Full Full Full Full Full Full Full
Vac. Start
538°C
1000°F
538°C
1000°F
538°C
1000°F
570°C
1058°F
570°C
1058°F
N/A
538°C
1000°F
Vac. Release
1070°C
1958°F
965°C
1769°F
959°C
1758°F
870°C
1598°F
865°C
1589°F
N/A
774°C
1425°F
High Temp.
1070°C
1958°F
1020°C
1868°F
960°C
1760°F
870°C
1598°F
865°C
1589°F
860°C
1580°F
815°C
1499°F
Hold Time 0 0 1 min. 0 0 0 0
Cool Time 3 min. 3 min. 1 min. 1 min. 1 min. 1 min. 1 min.

Figure 3 – Prismatik UniPack Shade Indicator

Chapter 2 – Understanding the UniPack Ceramic System
The Prismatik UniPack System
Prismatik UniPack Ceramic is a high-strength (>110 mpa flexural strength) ceramic
powder in 19 shades (refer to Fig. 3) that are conventionally wet layered upon
metal copings. The dentin powders are pre-blended with incisal to eliminate cutbacks
and layering. This unique blending saves time, improves esthetic value,
maintains shade integrity and consistency.
Opaque Powders
Opaque powder is available in 18 shades that
correspond to the shades available in the Vita
Classic Shade Guide. UniPack opaques lend
themselves well with spray opaque techniques
as well as conventional application techniques.
Two bleached opaques are also provided for
use with three Bleach Shades. The opaques are
coordinated in hue, value and chroma to lend
shade integrity with its corresponding body
shade. The opaques, when properly fired, should exhibit a slightly shiny eggshell
appearance.
Margin Powders
Margin powder is available in five hues to match
all 19 shades. This ceramic material fuses at a
temperature slightly lower than the opaque temperature
ensuring stability and thus resisting
shrinkage, slumping and deformation during
subsequent body bakes.
7

Opaceous Dentin Powders
In cases where insufficient reduction at the gingival
will result in an opaque halo or a “dead
looking” restoration, or in cases where short
clinical preps are present, application of
Prismatik UniPack Opaceous Dentin Powders
will correct the situation. The powders are color
matched to blend between the opaque and body
porcelains with no line of demarcation. The
powders are available in 13 shades of A, B, C, D,
Modifier White and Bleach hues to complement the Prismatik UniPack Margin
Porcelain. They may also be blended with Prismatik UniPack Powders to create
custom shades if desired.
Pre-blended Dentin & Incisal Powders
Opal Incisal Powders
Opal powders are available in Clear, Light, White,
Blue White, Blue and Ivory. These powders are
made available in the event that the technician
determines that more translucency is required
above the translucency that the pre-blended
shades offer.
Pre-blended powders are available in all shades
contained in the Vita Classic Shade Guide and
three Vita Bleach Shades. The powders are preblended
with dentin and incisal according to
degrees of opacity and translucency designed
specially for each shade. This makes it possible to
build a restoration utilizing a wet layering technique
without the time-consuming procedure of
cutback and application of incisal materials.
8

Add-On Powders
Add-On powders in Body and Incisal Light are
intended for use when minor corrections
become necessary and an additional body bake
is not desired. They may also be used successfully
with the Prismatik NetPress System and are
available separately. If the correction is a minor
add-on the case can be fired without vacuum
and completed during the stain and glaze cycles.
It is recommended that if large corrections are
indicated the restoration should be fired under full vacuum to eliminate porosity.
Stain and Glaze Powders
Prismatik Stain and Glaze Powders are provided
in A, B, C, D, Blue, White, Crème, Violet, Pink,
Dark Brown and Yellow/Orange hues. The fine
particle size of the stain powders mix to a
smooth consistency, ensuring easy application
without streaking. The Prismatik Glaze Powder
is a universal glaze allowing coefficient compatibility
with all components of the Prismatik
Ceramic System.
Universal Stain & Glaze Liquid
Universal Build-Up
& Opaque Liquids
Prismatik Universal Stain and
Glaze Liquid is available in a
60ml. quantity.
This liquid is available for
purchase in 60ml., 8 oz. or
16 oz. bottles.
9

Chapter 3 – UniPack Techniques
Posterior Opaque Techniques
Finish the metal substructure according
to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Sandblast with aluminum oxide and steam
clean or ultrasonic clean the substructure.
Degas the metal substructure to form oxides for
a better bond to opaque, also to get rid of gases
and contaminants on the metal.
10

Mix opaque powder with universal build-up
liquid. Opaque powder has light reflective properties
and opacity to mask metal substructure.
Apply a thin coat of opaque to the metal
substructure for the first firing.
1st Opaque Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
538ºC
1000°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
1070ºC
1958ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
538ºC
1000ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
1070ºC
1958ºF
Cool Time
3 min.
Apply another coat of opaque in a paste-like
consistency, making sure its not too thick.
11

2nd Opaque Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
538ºC
1000°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
1020ºC
1868ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
538ºC
1000ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min
Vac. Release
965ºC
1769ºF
Cool Time
3 min.
Final result of opaque should have a slight
eggshell sheen, and should achieve good metal
coverage not thicker than 0.1mm - 0.2mm.
Alternate spray opaque technique
UniPack opaque powder
is mixed with a spray
opaque liquid then placed
into sprayer.
Spray opaque allows for
an even and consistent
coat.
12

Posterior Build-up Technique
Mix pre-blended powder with universal build-up
liquid. Pre-blended Dentin & Incisal allow for
better light diffusion and vitality throughout the
restoration.
Proceed with application of porcelain,
building to occlusion.
Overbuild the porcelain to
compensate for shrinkage.
13

Keep internal aspect of crown
clean and fire the restoration.
1st Bake Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
380ºC
716°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
870ºC
1598ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
570ºC
1058ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
870ºC
1598ºF
Cool Time
1 min.
After firing, adjust the restoration to final anatomical contour and fit.
14

Posterior Stain & Glaze Techniques
Increased Depth
Stains are great tools for individualizing ceramic
teeth and adding character to a restoration.
Increased Height
Not Stained
Stained
Stains are mixed to help achieve an ideal final
shade. Staining liquid is used to mix the stain
powder into a thin, brushable form. The mixture
should be free of bubbles.
The mixture must be the correct consistency.
If it is too thin it will puddle during application.
And if it is too thick it will be hard to
apply, and will puddle as it melts.
Stain Dark
Brown
Stain White
UniPack Powder
A2
Stain Blue
Stain
A
To give the illusion of depth add Dark Brown
stain to the grooves.
To achieve the effect of translucency add Blue
stain to the cusps, and White stain to mimic
decalcification.
Add the corresponding stain A, B, C or D at
the gingival if increased chroma is desired.
15

Always use the shade tab to check your color
before you do your final glaze bake.
Glaze Firing Temperatures
Low Temp.
482ºC
900°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
860ºC
1580ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
N/A
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
N/A
Cool Time
1 min.
The finished UniPack restoration
after firing.
16

Anterior Opaque Technique
Finish and sandblast the metal according to
the alloy manufacturer’s instructions.
Oxidize according to the
alloy manufacturer’s instructions.
Mix opaque powder with universal build-up
liquid. Opaque powder has light reflective properties
and opacity to mask metal substructure.
Apply a thin wash of
opaque for the first opaque firing.
17

1st Opaque Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
538ºC
1000°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
1070ºC
1958ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
538ºC
1000ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
1070ºC
1958ºF
Cool Time
3 min.
The wash coat opaque after
the first opaque firing.
Apply a second opaque layer utilizing the
desired opaque application technique.
18

2nd Opaque Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
538ºC
1000°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
1020ºC
1868ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
538ºC
1000ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
965ºC
1769ºF
Cool Time
3 min.
Prismatik UniPack Opaque should have a slight
eggshell sheen when properly sintered.
Alternate spray opaque technique
UniPack opaque powder is mixed with a spray opaque
liquid then placed into a sprayer. Spray opaque allows
for an even and consistent coat.
19

Anterior Build-up Technique
Proceed with normal application of the Preblended
Dentin & Incisal powder.
Completed dentin application overbuilt to
compensate for normal shrinkage after firing.
UniPack powders are pre-blended, therefore, no
incisal cutback is required unless more translucency
is desired. If more translucency is needed
you may cut back and add opal incisal powder.
Opal incisal powders were selected to match a
variety of Prismatik Ceramics.
Opal Incisal
CLEAR LIGHT WHITE
BLUE/
WHITE IVORY BLUE
20

1st Bake Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
380ºC
716°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
870ºC
1598ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
570ºC
1058ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
870ºC
1598ºF
Cool Time
1 min.
After firing, the UniPack should
exhibit a shade tab gloss.
Fit and adjust the restoration’s
anatomical contour.
21

Anterior Stain and Glaze Techniques
Stains are great tools for individualizing ceramic
teeth and adding character to a restoration.
Stains may be mixed to achieve ideal final shade.
Staining liquid is used to mix the powder into a
thin, brushable form. The mixture should be free
of bubbles. It is important for the mixture to be
the correct consistency. If too thin it will puddle
during application. If too thick it will be hard to
apply and will puddle as it melts.
Add blue stain to the incisal edge to give t
the appearance of translucency.
22

Add chroma stains A, B, C, D at the
gingival if increased chroma is desired.
Always use the shade tab to check your color
before you do your final glazing bake.
Fire according to stain
and glaze parameters.
Glaze Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
482ºC
900°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
860ºC
1580ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
N/A
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
N/A
Cool Time
1 min.
23

The finished UniPack restoration
after firing.
Anterior Shoulder Butt Margin Technique
Prepare the coping to receive shoulder materials
as you normally would .
Apply separator to the areas that will
receive the Prismatik Margin material.
24

Apply the Prismatik Margin material
where indicated.
Lightly tap to bring excess
moisture to the surface.
Remove the excess
moisture with a tissue.
Lightly brush excess margin
powder from the first application.
25

The margin material should not be overbuilt. It
should blend into the opaqued coping for the
first firing.
Margin Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
482ºC
900°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
960ºC
1760ºF
Pre-Dry Time
4 min.
Vac. Start
538ºC
1000ºF
Hold Time
1 min.
Heat Rate
39ºC/min.
70ºF/min.
Vac. Release
959ºC
1758ºF
Cool Time
1 min.
After firing, areas to receive additional
margin material will be evident.
26

Apply a thin layer of porcelain separator prior to
the second application of margin material.
Add a second layer of margin
material to open areas. Do not over build.
Remove excess moisture with a tissue.
Brush away any loose particles.
Remove from the die and fire.
27

Margin Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
482ºC
900°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
960ºC
1760ºF
Pre-Dry Time
4 min.
Vac. Start
538ºC
1000ºF
Hold Time
1 min.
Heat Rate
39ºC/min.
70ºF/min.
Vac. Release
959ºC
1758ºF
Cool Time
1 min.
Check for open or insufficient margins.
Add and re-fire if necessary.
Opaceous Dentin Technique
In cases where insufficient tooth structure results in increased and unwanted
translucency, Prismatik Opaceous Dentin is used to build-out the dentin-form of
the restoration.
28

Opaceous Dentin Firing Parameters
Low Temp.
380ºC
716°F
Vac. Level
Full
High Temp.
870ºC
1598ºF
Pre-Dry Time
6 min.
Vac. Start
570ºC
1058ºF
Hold Time
0
Heat Rate
55ºC/min.
100ºF/min.
Vac. Release
870ºC
1598ºF
Cool Time
1 min.
Multiple-Unit Restorations
The Prismatik UniPack technique provides the technician the benefit of building
multiple-unit bridges or multiple single-unit restorations without having to spend
valuable production time cutting back and adding incisal powders.
29

Prismatik Ceramic Kits
Starter Kit
Trial Kit
5 - 50g UniPack Powders (A2, A3, B1, C2, D3)
5 - 50g Opaque Powders (A2, A3, B1, C2, D3)
1 - 60ml Stain & Glaze Liquid
1 - 60ml Build-Up & Opaque Liquid
1 - 10g Add-On Body Light
1 - 10g Add-On Incisal Light
5 - 4g Stain Powder (A, B, C, D and Blue)
1 - 4g Glaze Powder
1 - Technique Manual
1 - 50g UniPack Powder (A2)
1 - 50g Opaque Powder (A2)
1 - 60ml Stain & Glaze Liquid
1 - 60ml Build-Up & Opaque Liquid
1 - 10g Add-On Body Light
1 - 10g Add-On Incisal Light
1 - 4g Glaze Powder
1 - 4g Stain Powders (A, Blue)
1 - Technique Manual
Stain Kit
11 - 4g Stain Powders (Blue, White, Créme,
Violet, Pink, Dark Brown, Yellow/Orange,
Stain A, Stain B, Stain C, Stain D)
Opaceous Dentin Kit
15 - 10g Opaceous Dentin Powders (A1,
A2, A3, A3.5, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3,
D2, D3, D4, Modifier White, Bleach)
Opal Incisal Kit
6 - 10g Opal Incisal Powders (Clear, Light,
White, Blue White, Ivory, Blue)
Margin Kit
5 - 10g Margin Powders (A1, A3, C1, C3,
White)
30

Troubleshooting Guide
PROBLEM KNOWN CAUSES SOLUTIONS
Opaque is separating off Under-fired opaque The opaque should have
the metal substructure
an eggshell sheen after
firing. Increase the temperature
until this is
achieved. Verify the accuracy
of the oven and
calibrate as necessary.
Opaque is bubbling Insufficient dry time Use at least 6 min.
for powder opaque and
at least 6-8 min. for
paste opaque.
Heat rate is too high
Heat rate should be
55°C/min. (100°F/min.)
If this does not work,
continue to lower the
rate as necessary.
Opaque is pooling at Incompatible opaque The high temperature of
the margin area of the
the porcelain is likely to
coping/framework
be too high and the
opaque is “running.”
Double check the firing
schedule and what
opaque was used. Verify
the accuracy of the
oven and calibrate as
necessary.
During build-up, Too much moisture Dry the porcelain more
porcelain tends to
before applying it. If
“slump” or “lose
using water, try build-up
its shape”
liquid instead.
31

PROBLEM KNOWN CAUSES SOLUTIONS
Bubbles in porcelain Metal finishing was not Follow the manufacturer
done correctly. There is recommendations for
likely to be trapped air in properly preparing the
the metal surface
frameworks.
Trapped air during
build-up
If the bubbles do not
show metal, this means
air was trapped during
build-up. Build-up was
done too quickly or in
too large of chunks.
Green/Gray Framework alloys with Check the manufacturer
Discoloration of too high a content of specs on the alloy you
Porcelain silver and/or copper can are using. There should
lead to discoloration not be higher than a
5% content of silver or
copper.
After firing, the Over-fired porcelain Verify that our recomporcelain
is losing its
mended firing temperashape/is
slumping/has
tures were used for the
an overly shiny
first bake. Decrease the
appearance
high temperature as necessary
until the proper
appearance is achieved.
If necessary, decrease
hold time. Verify the
accuracy of the oven and
calibrate as necessary.
“Tearing of porcelain” Dry time is too short Dry time should be 6
min. as a minimum
32

PROBLEM KNOWN CAUSES SOLUTIONS
Milky Appearance Too much moisture Dry the porcelain
during build-up
mixture more before
adding to the build-up.
Follow the proper set-
tings on our firing chart.
Try releasing the vacuum
1°C below the high
temperature.
Vacuum was released too
early OR applied too
soon
Re-wetting dried porcelain
with more build-up liquid
Only distilled water
should be used for rewetting
dried porcelain.
An underglazed or dull/ First bake was under-fired Verify that our recomrough
surface is present
mended firing temperaafter
the glazing cycle
tures were used for the
first bake. Increase the
high temperature as necessary
until the proper
appearance is achieved.
If necessary, increase
hold time. Verify the
accuracy of the oven and
calibrate as necessary.
Separation of add-on Insufficient dry time Dry time should be 6
porcelains from
min. as a minimum.
underlying porcelain
33

PROBLEM KNOWN CAUSES SOLUTIONS
Cracks/Fractures in Sharp edges in coping In framework design,
Porcelain
never have sharp
edges/corners.
Double check the appro-
priate data on the CTE
of the alloy you are
using for your substructures.
Try to use alloys
that are at the most 1.0
higher than the listed
CTE value for Prismatik
UniPack.
Insufficient metal support
CTE incompatibility
between porcelain
and alloy
Have at least 1mm. of
space beyond opaqued
alloy in all areas. Try not
to go beyond 3 mm. of
porcelain in any areas.
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01-1507-0106