Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003-2008 - Tourism Queensland

QUEENSLAND
Ecotourism PLAN
2003–2008
sustainable tourism
in Queensland’s natural areas

The various proposals raised in this document do
not indicate that necessary funding will be made
available for implementation. Implementation of
any aspects of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan
2003–2008 will need to be considered within the
Government’s overall funding priorities.
© State of Queensland 2002
This work is protected by copyright. Except for
purposes permitted by the Copyright Act,
reproduction by any means whatsoever is
prohibited without prior written permission
of Tourism Queensland.
Tourism Queensland would like to thank all
contributors to this publication for their enthusiasm
and commitment. Special thanks to the ATS Group.

minister’s FOREWORD
Queensland is a world leader in the provision of high quality, diverse and exciting ecotourism
experiences, with natural areas that are unique and known worldwide. The state is home to
five of Australia’s 14 World Heritage areas, over 450 national parks and a long list of state
forests and marine parks.
Ecotourism is one of Queensland tourism’s fastest growing sectors. Our range of ecotourism
product is expanding at a time when an increasing number of visitors are seeking
environmental tourism experiences.
Part of keeping up with this demand, is the need to manage our resources responsibly to
achieve the right balance between ecological, commercial and cultural sustainability.
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003-2008: Sustainable tourism in Queensland’s natural
areas builds on the achievements of the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan and will continue
to guide ecotourism development in the state. The Queensland Government’s vision is for
Queensland to be the world’s leading ecotourism destination, with government, industry and
the community working in partnership.
The Plan details specific actions reflecting the needs of industry, government and the
community, and it is aimed at protecting and strengthening Queensland’s competitive position
in the national and world ecotourism markets.
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This document is a blueprint for the future of ecotourism in Queensland.
Hon Merri Rose MP
MINISTER FOR TOURISM
21 October, 2002

CONTENTS
Minister’s Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CHAPTER 1 – ECOTOURISM IN QUEENSLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The Vision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Re-defining Ecotourism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Ecotourism industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The Ecotourism experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Ecotourism Stakeholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
CHAPTER 2 – KEY OBJECTIVES AND ACTION PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Key Objective one: Environmental Protection and Management . . . 23
Key Objective two: Ecotourism Industry Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Key Objective three: Infrastructure Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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Key Objective four: Community Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Key Objective five: Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Glossary of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix 1. ECOTOURISM PRINCIPLES AND BEST PRACTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix 2. MANAGING TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendix 3. BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Appendix 4. ECOTOURISM AND THE QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . 39
Appendix 5. 1997 QEP REVIEW AND OUTCOMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix 6. REFERENCES AND CONTACT DETAILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendix 7. SUGGESTED READING & RESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Queensland is a well-known and recognised destination for ecotourism activities and
experiences. Domestic and international visitors are drawn to Queensland by a combination of
unique and diverse natural attractions and a tourism industry that offers a wide range of high
quality ecotourism products. Queensland’s tourism industry has brought to fruition many of the
potential benefits of ecotourism that were identified in the Queensland Ecotourism Plan
launched in 1997. Great achievements have been made in ‘best practice’ ecotourism
developments in partnerships between various stakeholders including government, industry
and community groups.
Five years on from its launch a review of the implementation of the Queensland Ecotourism
Plan and extensive consultation with key stakeholders indicated a clear need to update the
Plan and continue efforts to date in growing Queensland’s ecotourism industry by providing a
consistent direction for planning, development, management and marketing.
The Vision, Key Objectives and Action Plans contained in the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism
Plan provided a solid framework for successful implementation of the Plan. The Queensland
Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 presents an updated vision and definition of ecotourism in
Queensland, reflecting development in the ecotourism industry and experience gained since
the release of the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan. The Queensland Ecotourism Plan
2003–2008 recognises the clear focus and direction provided by the 1997 Queensland
Ecotourism Plan by retaining the four Key Objectives from that Plan but also adding a new Key
Objective, Research, to provide a clear research agenda for the new Plan. An updated set of
Action Plans linked to each Key Objective provide the specific projects and activities that will
underpin successful implementation of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003-2008.
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An updated definition
Since the launch of the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan, there has been a continual process
of raising the best practice standards of ecotourism as well as a growing understanding of the
nature of the ecotourism industry in Queensland. These factors led to the need for an updated
definition of ecotourism in Queensland:
“Ecotourism encompasses a spectrum of nature-based activities that foster visitor
appreciation and understanding of natural and cultural heritage and are managed to
be ecologically, economically and socially sustainable.”
This definition acknowledges diversity in the industry’s products, the role of natural and cultural
heritage in ecotourism, and the importance of the ‘triple-bottom-line’ ecologically sustainable
development (ESD) approach to managing ecotourism. That is, the need to address economic,
environmental and social / cultural issues associated with any ecotourism development.
Ecotourism in Queensland
Tourism is Queensland’s second largest export industry and fastest growing industry. Tourism is
estimated to contribute $6.3 billion to the Gross State Product (arising from $14.6 billion
expenditure) and directly creates 150,000 full time jobs (1999, Queensland Treasury). Tourism
offers rural and regional areas an alternative employment and income source to traditional
rural and mining industries.

Queensland has outstanding natural areas that are unique and known worldwide, including
five of Australia’s 14 World Heritage areas (Great Barrier Reef, Central Eastern Australian
Rainforests [Border Ranges], Australia’s Tropical Rainforests, Fraser Island, and Riversleigh Fossil
Fields) and many other notable natural assets of national, regional and local interest. The
importance of Queensland’s natural attractions to the tourism industry is evident through its
wide-ranging use of spectacular natural visual images in its domestic and international
marketing campaigns.
Queensland’s natural assets underpin the long-term sustainability and competitive advantage of
the tourism industry. To maintain this competitive advantage, the Queensland Government
recognised the need for a sensitive approach to protect natural attractions, while at the same
time enabling an array of tourism user groups to access and appreciate these authentic and
unique natural settings.
The Queensland Government was quick to recognise the potential benefits that ecotourism
could offer Queensland’s tourism industry, environment and communities, and was the first
State to develop and commence the implementation of a comprehensive ecotourism plan,
launched in 1997. The 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan provided a strong framework for
planning, developing, managing and marketing ecotourism in Queensland.
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The “triple-bottom-line” principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) and the
promotion of best practice are central to the Queensland Ecotourism Plan and have been the
basis for the planning and development of the Queensland ecotourism industry. Queensland’s
head start in ecotourism planning, combined with government and industry commitment to
implementing the Plan, has seen Queensland secure a leading position in the competitive
Australian ecotourism industry. Queensland’s position has been established by virtue of its
industry achievements, research activities and advanced industry and government partnerships.
This position is reflected in the number of national and international awards won by
Queensland ecotourism operators and the take up by industry and government of the Nature
and Ecotourism Accreditation Program.
Over the past five years the Queensland Ecotourism Plan has been substantially implemented
with broad outcomes including:
• consumer and industry ecotourism research;
• self-help guidelines published to assist industry, government and the community to
implement best practice operations and encourage sustainable product development;
• support for industry and government take-up of the Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation
Program;
• development of a more effective, efficient and equitable tourism management system for
Queensland protected areas;
• provision of ecotourism training workshops throughout Queensland; and,
• facilitation of broad community involvement in ecotourism planning and product
development.

Taking ecotourism forward in Queensland – maintaining the
momentum
While substantial achievements have been made in the ecotourism industry in Queensland,
there is a clear role for an updated Queensland Ecotourism Plan to lead industry, government,
the community and other stakeholders in the ongoing development of the ecotourism industry.
A variety of issues emerged from wide ranging consultation with stakeholders involved in
reviewing the Queensland Ecotourism Plan. Issues identified included the importance of
continuing to develop partnerships and communication between the ecotourism industry,
government agencies and other stakeholders, the need to regularly update ecotourism related
research and the need to provide practical advice on how to achieve best practice / minimal
impact operations.
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 Action Plans include specific actions that reflect
the current needs of industry, government and the community and that are aimed at
protecting and strengthening Queensland’s competitive position in the national and world
ecotourism markets.
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 reflects the successful elements of the 1997
Plan by:
• being highly outcome focussed and action orientated;
• providing time-frames on actions that ensure a focus on achievement; and,
• addressing the needs of key stakeholders and partners and recognising that they have a
key role to play in implementation.
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Vision
Queensland will be the world’s leading ecotourism destination with
government, industry and the community working in partnership and
adopting best practice planning, development, management and
marketing.
Queensland’s ecotourism industry will lead the way in Australia and internationally by:
• offering visitors unique and exciting tourism experiences that foster an appreciation and
understanding of natural and cultural heritage;
• providing visitors with opportunities to experience attractions of local, regional, national
and international significance that occur in a diverse range of terrestrial and marine
environments;
• making positive contributions to local and indigenous communities;
• contributing to the conservation of the natural and cultural environments through the
establishment of partnerships between government, industry and the community;
• being a model for other forms of tourism, encouraging wider use of sustainable
technologies and the promotion of best practice; and,
• assisting in realising the tourism potential of Queensland’s regional areas through
sustainable economic development.

Objectives
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 contains Key Objectives and updated Action
Plans for the ongoing development of the Queensland ecotourism industry. The Key Objectives,
‘Environmental protection and management’, ‘Ecotourism industry development’,
‘Infrastructure development’ and ‘Community development’, remain consistent with the 1997
Queensland Ecotourism Plan, reflecting their effectiveness to date and continuing relevance to
the development of the ecotourism industry in Queensland. A further Key Objective, Research,
has been added, to ensure the development of a clear research agenda that will assist the
ecotourism industry and other stakeholders in ongoing development and implementation of
best practice ecotourism planning, development, management, and marketing in Queensland.
Initial priorities
Initial priorities for implementation of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 will include:
• improving the business operating environment and sustainable tourism outcomes for
protected area managers and tourism operators accessing protected areas;
• providing for improved working relationships between industry and agencies;
• addressing issues of Native Title and associated implications for tourism operators accessing
protected areas;
• encouraging greater Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander involvement in the ecotourism
industry;
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• promoting greater adoption of the NEAP accreditation scheme as a means of attaining best
practice;
• addressing issues of risk management and public liability as they relate to ecotourism;
• developing improved opportunities for partnerships between the public and private sectors
in the provision of ecotourism opportunities;
• developing a better understanding of the nature of the domestic and international
ecotourism markets; and,
• ensuring the growth projections for ecotourism in Queensland are appropriately considered
in the planning and management of the protected area estate.
Consultation
The Plan has been developed on the basis of feedback gained through an extensive program
of consultation with Queensland’s tourism and ecotourism industries, Commonwealth, State
and Local Governments, and the community including conservation, outdoor recreation and
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island groups. Consultation included workshops, circulation of
discussion papers, and a period of open consultation.

PREFACE
Purpose of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 outlines the vision and policy for the future of
ecotourism in Queensland. Its purpose is to provide a framework for planning, developing,
managing and marketing Queensland’s ecotourism industry.
Planning Process
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 has been developed by Tourism Queensland,
taking into account the many values that Queensland’s natural areas hold for the community
and the various stakeholder groups with an interest in ecotourism.
In developing the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008, Tourism Queensland conducted a
review of implementation of the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan, a review of contemporary
national and international ecotourism planning and management and embarked on a
Queensland wide consultation program with industry, government and the community. An
industry panel was convened, with representatives from key industry, government and
community sectors to provide a strategic direction for the development of the Plan. The
reviews undertaken and industry panel feedback were used to develop a ‘Directions Report’
that outlined the proposed contents for the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008. The
Directions Report was widely distributed and a series of workshops were held throughout
Queensland to obtain stakeholder feedback.
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Outcomes of the regional workshops were used to develop a Discussion Paper that
summarised the research reviews, presented a snapshot of the state of the industry and
proposed Key Objectives and Action Plans for the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008.
The Discussion paper was endorsed by Cabinet and released for comment during August
2002. All feedback received was analysed and considered in the development of the
Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008.
Approach to the Queensland Ecotourism Plan
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 integrates environmental, economic and social
considerations in natural areas in ways that ally environmental protection and the commercial
viability of ecotourism operations. The Plan complements the State Government’s economic
development policy by providing opportunities for employment and development of small scale
and larger scale businesses; ensuring skills development in ecotourism and natural area
management; encouraging ecotourism in all Queensland regions; and favouring market
enhancement while recognising ecotourism cannot occur without protection of the natural and
cultural environment which attracts visitors.
Tourism Queensland will be responsible for coordinating implementation of the Queensland
Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008, working with other stakeholders to ensure Action Plans are
implemented in accordance with the agreed time frame. Implementation will need to have
some level of flexibility to accommodate changes in priorities and available resources and will
include a process of monitoring and annual reviews. Tourism Queensland will report progress
on implementation of the Plan to Cabinet annually.

CHAPTER 1 ECOTOURISM IN QUEENSLAND
The Vision
Queensland will be the world’s leading ecotourism destination with
government, industry and the community working in partnership
and adopting best practice planning, development, management
and marketing.
Queensland’s ecotourism industry will lead the way in Australia and internationally by:
• offering visitors unique and exciting tourism experiences that foster an appreciation and
understanding of natural and cultural heritage;
• providing visitors with opportunities to experience attractions of local, regional, national
and international interest, that occur in a diverse range of terrestrial and marine
environments;
• making positive contributions to local and indigenous communities and the conservation of
the natural and cultural environment through the establishment of positive working
relationships between government, industry and the community;
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• being a model for other forms of tourism, encouraging wider use of sustainable
technologies and the promotion of best practice planning, design, management and
marketing; and,
• assisting in realising the tourism potential of Queensland’s regional areas through
sustainable economic development.
Key Elements
Ecotourism is dependent on the natural environment.
While the natural environment is important to the whole tourism industry in Queensland, it is
fundamental to a successful ecotourism industry.
Queensland’s natural attractions are of exceptional quality and diversity, and
are found throughout Queensland.
Queensland is comprised of 18 different biogeographic regions (refer Appendix 3) providing a
variety of environment types on which to base tourism opportunities, ranging from the
outback to rainforest and coral reef. These natural settings are conserved by an extensive
system of protected areas including World Heritage Areas, national parks, marine parks, state
forests and conservation agreements on privately owned lands.
Ecotourism meets the growing demand for experiences that go beyond traditional
‘sightseeing’. Tourists are becoming increasingly demanding, looking for the ‘experiential’
aspects of tourism and for high quality, authentic experiences. Genuine interaction with the
environment and local communities are increasingly the consumer benchmarks of quality
tourism experiences.

Ecotourism is a major part of Queensland’s tourism industry.
With 46 per cent of interstate visitors and 80 per cent of international visitors to Queensland
participating in ecotourism or outdoor activities, Queensland’s ecotourism opportunities are
central to the State’s appeal as a tourism destination to national and international tourism
markets.
Ecotourism will lead the tourism industry in the adoption of ecologically
sustainable development principles.
Queensland’s ecotourism industry provides a model for other forms of tourism particularly in
the role of trialing new sustainable technologies and protocols. This pioneering role of the
ecotourism sector will gradually see sustainability measures adopted by the broader tourism
industry and possibly other industry sectors as the environmental, social and economic benefits
are demonstrated.
Re-defining Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a term that is increasingly recognised by consumers. Over 80 per cent of
respondents to an Australian domestic tourist survey in 1998 recognised the term, with
respondents relating ‘ecotourism’ to the phrases ‘environmentally friendly’, ‘getting close to
nature’, ‘nature-based activities’ and ‘learning about nature’. Similar results arose from the
same study being undertaken in 1999 with international tourists in Australia, with
approximately 70 per cent of respondents recognising the term ‘ecotourism’.
Many definitions of ecotourism have been developed and referred to since the phrase was
coined in the mid-1980s. Despite the variety of definitions, some notable consistencies remain
constant with most definitions describing ecotourism as:
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• nature based;
• ecologically sustainable;
• contributing to conservation and local communities; and,
• involving education and interpretation of the natural environment.
In addition to the many variations of the definition of ecotourism, a variety of terms have been
used interchangeably to describe ecotourism activities. These include, ‘nature-based tourism’,
‘sustainable tourism’, ‘responsible tourism’, ‘green tourism’ and ‘alternative tourism’. The 1997
Queensland Ecotourism Plan recognised that although some of the elements of these types of
tourism are the same, the terms are neither synonymous nor mutually exclusive.
The definition of ecotourism adopted by the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan was
“Ecotourism is nature-based tourism that involves education and interpretation of
the natural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable”.
The 1997 definition provided a useful guide for implementation of the 1997 Queensland
Ecotourism Plan. However, experience gained throughout the implementation of the 1997 Plan
and ongoing consultation with ecotourism stakeholders has identified a need to update the
definition of ecotourism in Queensland.
The past decade has seen Queensland’s ecotourism industry experience a process of continual
improvement in implementation of best practice. This reflects the commitment by Queensland’s
ecotourism industry to achieve the highest standards as well as the evolution of environmental
management and performance standards required by regulating government agencies,
including protected area managers.

Minimum operating standards required of both ecotourism and nature-based tourism
operators are increasing and will continue to do so. As minimum requirements have increased,
the differences between the ecotourism and nature-based tourism sectors have become less
and ecotourism principles are increasingly viewed as a method of delivery for nature-based
tourism. Over and above minimum operating requirements, tourism operators demonstrate
varying levels of adherence to ecotourism principles and standards and these differences are
reflected by the attainment of different levels of accreditation and certification.
In an attempt to reflect this maturing of the ecotourism industry, the following updated
definition of ecotourism has been adopted for the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008:
“Ecotourism encompasses a spectrum of nature-based activities that foster visitor
appreciation and understanding of natural and cultural heritage and are managed to
be ecologically, economically and socially sustainable.”
It is anticipated that the new definition will assist in overcoming some of the confusion that
has arisen over defining the boundary between ‘ecotourism’ and ‘nature-based tourism’. It also
more accurately reflects the reality that ecotourism encompasses a wide range and different
styles of nature-based activities. Further, the new definition provides more definite links
between ecotourism and the ‘triple-bottom-line’ principles of ecologically sustainable
development.
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It is important to recognise that ecotourism products are not defined by their scale of
operations but rather by their adoption of the following key principles of ecotourism:
• dependent on the natural environment;
• ecologically sustainable;
• contributes to the conservation of nature;
• involves education and interpretation;
• culturally responsible;
• sustains local communities; and,
• commercially viable and profitable.
The Ecotourism Industry
Queensland – an ecotourism destination
The basis of Queensland’s attractiveness as a destination is undoubtedly the State’s variety of
natural attractions, conserved and presented in a network of World Heritage Areas, national
parks, marine parks, state forests and other natural areas, including those in private ownership.
The importance of these areas to the tourism industry is evident through the spectacular
natural images used in marketing Queensland.
In the mind of the consumer, the natural attractions of Queensland including the Great Barrier
Reef, beaches, rainforests and outback settings represent the primary drawcard features of the
State. This is apparent from recent research conducted in Queensland’s major international
markets that indicates high demand for visiting and experiencing natural areas in Queensland
(International Blueprint Research, Tourism Queensland, 2001).

Ecotourism – the industry
The 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan recognised Queensland’s numerous competitive
advantages in the ecotourism market, including:
• the State’s pleasant climate and diverse natural attractions;
• sparse population and large range of undeveloped areas;
• multicultural society with relative safety and high hygiene standards; and,
• well established tourism infrastructure such as transport and accommodation.
The 1997 Plan also recognised the benefits ecotourism could offer Queensland, such as foreign
exchange earnings, economic development and diversification, especially in regional areas,
generation of income for conservation and management of protected areas, additional skilled
employment opportunities using local knowledge and facilities and local infrastructure
development.
The Queensland Government was quick to recognise the potential benefits that ecotourism
could offer Queensland’s tourism industry, environment and communities and Queensland was
the first state to develop and commence the implementation of a comprehensive ecotourism
plan. The Queensland Ecotourism Plan provided a strong framework for planning, developing,
managing and marketing ecotourism in Queensland.
This head start in ecotourism planning, combined with a well established and successful
ecotourism industry, has seen Queensland secure a leading position in the competitive
Australian ecotourism market. Queensland’s leading position has been established by virtue of
its industry achievements, research activities and advanced industry and government
partnerships. This position is reflected in the number of national and international awards won
by Queensland ecotourism operators and the take up by industry and government of the
Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program. At the time of writing, over 50 per cent of all
Australian products certified under Ecotourism Australia’s Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation
Program are based in Queensland.
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In 2001 Ecotourism Australia estimated that Australia had over 2,935 nature and ecotourism
operators ranging from high-profile industry leaders to owner-operated companies employing
a small number of staff and guides. Queensland has the largest number of nature and
ecotourism operators at 794 or 27 per cent of the national total.
An industry benchmarking exercise undertaken in 2000 (Tourism Queensland, How Are We
Tracking?) indicated a positive outlook for ecotourism in Queensland, with 64 per cent of
ecotourism operators identifying an increase in visitor volume over the preceding 12 months,
and approximately 60 per cent of ecotourism operators experiencing an increase in business
sales. Operators also noted increasing consumer awareness of environmental issues, this being
nominated as having a twofold impact on their business – increasing demand for ecotourism
experiences and increasing scrutiny on environmental performance of Queensland tourism
operations.
Research on visitors to Queensland’s ecotourism attractions (Tourism Queensland, Nature-Based
Tourism in Queensland, 1999) indicates that the industry is providing high quality experiences,
with 65 per cent of visitors not looking for any improvement in the attraction they visited.
The ecotourism industry in Queensland also reported a very positive outlook in research
undertaken in 2000 (Tourism Queensland, How Are We Tracking?), with many businesses

expecting growth either in terms of customers, employees, sales and profits. Growth in
business was primarily attributed to greater marketing effort along with increasing demand for
ecotourism products from consumers with an increasing awareness of environmental issues.
The ecotourism industry is maturing as a business sector, with nearly 80 per cent of operators
having been in business for more than five years and 50 per cent in business for over 10 years.
Attendance at the 2002 Australian Tourism Exchange (Australia’s premier tourism trade event)
highlighted the significance of the ecotourism sector in Queensland’s tourism industry, with 52
per cent of Queensland tourism operations attending the event classified as ecotourism
businesses.
A positive outlook for Queensland’s ecotourism industry was further reflected by the level of
interest from Queensland tourism operators and wholesalers involved in selling tourism
products in the USA. A recent study found that 72 per cent of tourism operators and 85 per
cent of wholesalers indicated that they would like to participate in marketing campaigns
designed to attract tourists that want to visit National Parks and see wildlife as well as other
natural attractions (North American Blueprint Research, Tourism Queensland, 2001). This
indicates recognition by the tourism industry and travel trade of the high appeal of ecotourism
opportunities to consumers.
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Ecotourism – the market
Considerable effort has been put into researching the ecotourism market in an attempt to
define the “typical ecotourist” or identify a market segment that is most likely to participate in
an ecotourism activity or holiday. Research has been conducted with visitors already
participating in an ecotourism activity, with broader visitor groups to establish whether they
had participated in ecotourism activities, and with the general population to gauge potential
interest in ecotourism activities and establish market potential. While the research has shown
that there is not one group that can be categorically identified as the “typical ecotourist”,
there is clear evidence that ecotourism activities hold great appeal for a range of visitors, and
some common characteristics can be found in those participating in ecotourism activities.
There is also evidence that a wide variety of visitors may incorporate an ecotourism component
into a broader holiday experience, and that the “triple-bottom-line” principles of ecotourism
are increasingly popular as a method of delivery for a wide variety of tourism products.
The Bureau of Tourism Research National Visitor Survey (2001) and International Visitor Survey
(June 2000), found that 46 per cent of interstate visitors and 80 per cent of international
visitors to Queensland respectively participated in ecotourism or outdoor activities including
going to the beach (swimming, surfing, diving), visiting national parks, bushwalking, rainforest
walks and whale or dolphin watching.
Roy Morgan Research’s Holiday Tracking Survey (December, 2001) found that visitors
participating in an ecotourism holiday of three or more nights primarily participated in activities
that involved wildlife or scenery, national parks and wilderness. Visiting historical places and
bushwalking were also very popular. Visitors on ecotourism holidays also participated in a wide
variety of other activities and were far more likely to visit cities, art galleries, special events or
festivals and experience local culture than other visitors.
Tourism Queensland’s research (Nature Based Tourism in Queensland, 2000) found that some
of the key motivations of visitors participating in ecotourism activities were to ‘visit a unique
attraction’, ‘see somewhere totally different to home’ or ‘visit somewhere new’, ‘spend time
with partner or family’, ‘opportunity to explore natural environment’, ‘visit somewhere I have
heard a lot about’ and ‘relaxation’.

The Bureau of Tourism Research International Visitor Survey (1999) found that the desire to
experience Australia’s nature, landscapes, coastline, beaches, wildlife and nature-based outdoor
activities were significant influencing factors when making the decision to visit Australia,
particularly for international visitors who visited Queensland as part of a holiday. Of the total
international visitors to Australia, those who visited Queensland on holiday were twice as likely
to be influenced by natural attributes in their decision to come to Australia than the average of
all visitors to Australia. Of all visitors to Australia, 25 per cent indicated that they were
influenced to visit by their desire to experience Australia’s nature landscapes and wildlife and
20 per cent by the desire to experience coastline and beaches. These figures compare to 49
per cent of holiday visitors to Queensland influenced to visit by the desire to experience
Australia’s nature landscapes and wildlife while 41 per cent were influenced by coastline and
beaches experiences.
The World Tourism Organisation (2001) undertook comparative research in seven countries
considered to be ‘ecotourism generating’ markets, including Germany, United States of
America, United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, France and Italy. Some common characteristics were
identified, with the core target group for ecotourism classed as people with relatively higher
levels of education, an above-average income level and aged between 30-59 years with
women slightly outnumbering men. Tourism Queensland’s research (Nature Based Tourism in
Queensland, 2000) supports these general findings.
MORI (2000) surveyed UK holidaymakers as part of research for the Association of British Travel
Agents, with a particular focus on attitudes towards the role and importance of “triplebottom-line”
sustainability and holidays. Key results of the study included the finding that 85
per cent of respondents believed it was important that a holiday should not damage the
environment, 70 per cent considered the reputation of the operator on environmental issues to
be important, 77 per cent thought that it was important that their visits include experiencing
local culture and food, and 71 per cent felt that tourism should benefit the people of the
destination visited, through jobs and business opportunities. Further, 45 per cent of
respondents indicated that they would be willing to pay more for an environmental holiday
that preserved the local environment and reversed the negative effects of tourism.
15
The Ecotourism Experience
The nature and style of the Queensland ecotourism experience is a product of not only the
State’s variety of natural areas in public and private ownership but also a well established
industry that is a market leader in providing ecotourism opportunities that realise the potential
of these natural areas.
An established method of managing visitor use of public and privately owned natural areas is
to categorise them in terms of visitor settings. A setting is defined by a combination of
physical, social and managerial attributes. The attributes of a site include biogeographic
features (refer Appendix 3), cultural characteristics, infrastructure, accessibility, current site
users and the style of on-site management including staff presence, signage and services
offered.
Different settings provide different opportunities for users to experience setting-specific
recreation and tourism activities. Settings are generally defined across a spectrum of low,
moderate, high and intensive recreation/tourism use. In many publicly managed protected
areas this spectrum of visitor use is alternatively categorised as Primitive/Remote/Wilderness –
Semi-Primitive/Semi-Remote – Natural – Rural – Urban.

The Masterplan for Queensland’s Parks System recognises the important role ecotourism
has in not only fostering a conservation ethic within the community but also making a
significant contribution to the economic well-being of Queensland. The Masterplan also
recognises the need to manage Queensland’s parks system in a manner that will enable a
range of styles of visitation in a variety of different settings. While settings will vary within
individual parks, each park will be classified as fitting into one of the following four broad
setting categories that reflect the level of use:
High profile parks – parks strongly promoted domestically, interstate and overseas, with
defined, highly developed sites receiving high levels of use especially by large groups.
Popular parks – parks with defined, developed sites receiving moderate to high levels of use
and with a range of facilities and opportunities.
Explorer parks – low-key developments, low to moderate levels of use.
Self-reliant parks – few or no developments, low and irregular levels of use.
The setting of a park will determine the style of activities allowed, visitor group sizes, the style
and amount of infrastructure and the extent and nature of commercial activities permitted
within the park.
16
The settings approach to visitor management is equally relevant to privately owned natural
areas as it is to publicly managed protected areas. The settings approach provides for effective
management of the natural area in terms of environmental and cultural resource protection
and the provision of appropriate infrastructure, interpretation and human management
presence. In addition, the settings approach provides a clear direction for the marketing focus
of the tourism product in terms of the experiences offered and the associated tourism markets
that should be targeted.
The second part of the Queensland ecotourism experience equation is the ability of the
ecotourism industry to provide a variety of ecotourism activities within and across the range of
settings in a natural area without compromising the integrity of the individual settings. While
the ecotourism sector of the industry has a defined set of key principles (see definition of
ecotourism) which provide the basis for how operators should manage their businesses, the
translation of these principles on the ground can result in a diverse range of ecotourism
activities and enterprises across the ecotourism spectrum. The method of travel, group size,
style of information delivery and extent of physical skill required by participants all play a role in
shaping the style and scale of the ecotourism product and activity.
Ecotourism Stakeholders
The ecotourism industry has a wide variety of stakeholders. Each stakeholder group has a role
to play in developing and managing ecotourism in Queensland. Stakeholders and their general
areas of responsibility with respect to ecotourism are outlined below with specific
responsibilities for implementing the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003 – 2008 detailed in the
Action Plans in Chapter 2.
The tourism industry
Queensland’s broader tourism industry (including tourism operators, Regional and Local
Tourism Organisations and the travel trade) provides many complementary services to the
ecotourism industry, such as transport, accommodation, marketing, sales and booking services.
In many cases, the ecotourism component of a visitor’s holiday in Queensland is just one part
of a much broader itinerary.

The broader tourism industry has an important role to play in the development and success of
Queensland’s ecotourism sector. There are mutual advantages for the tourism industry as a
whole to embrace the ecotourism sector in Queensland and work with ecotourism operators
where possible to package ecotourism activities into Queensland holidays. The broader tourism
industry will benefit from the best practice developed by the ecotourism sector through the
adoption of sustainable technologies and management systems. Regional and Local Tourism
Organisations and the travel trade have a key role to play in recommending genuine and high
quality ecotourism products as recognised by relevant certification and accreditation programs.
Ecotourism industry
The Queensland ecotourism industry includes ecotourism operators and relevant industry
associations. It is the role of the industry to:
• provide high quality ecotourism experiences and support services;
• contribute to the conservation and management of natural areas;
• respect the rights and needs of local communities;
• encourage and apply cultural and ecologically sustainable development principles and best
practice;
• promote and represent the interests of operators and their clients;
• ensure staff are properly trained and educated;
• provide a central source of trend and marketing information for operators;
• provide industry advice on business practices and environmental education and
interpretation;
17
• develop and implement industry codes of practice and policies;
• undertake research into and disseminate findings on ecologically sustainable development;
• develop visitor and local community environmental awareness; and,
• work in partnership with governments in the formulation of relevant policies and programs.
Visitors
Visitors seeking ecotourism experiences are the reason why there is an ecotourism market.
Ecotourism may be their primary reason for visiting Queensland or one element of a set of
multifaceted motivations. Visitors’ roles include:
• participating in ecotourism activities;
• making informed decisions to purchase responsible tourism operations and products;
• contributing to conservation management directly or indirectly;
• being involved in the development and management of ecotourism by making known their
preferences and participating in surveys and providing feedback on the quality and
satisfaction of ecotourism products;
• adhering to appropriate visitor codes of practice and contributing to the protection of the
natural, cultural and social environment and the enjoyment and learning experiences of
other visitors;
• using skills and knowledge gained from their ecotourism experiences to minimise their
impact on the environment in general; and,

• supporting ecotourism as a means of promoting the principles of ecologically sustainable
development and the sustainable use and development of natural areas.
Governments – Commonwealth, State, Local
The Commonwealth Government has a key role to play in supporting the ecotourism industry
by:
• providing direction for ecotourism at a national level;
• working in cooperation with the Queensland Government in the management of the
State’s World Heritage Areas including support associated with the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority and the Wet Tropics Management Authority;
• coordinating national level ecotourism market research and health of the industry
assessments; and,
• offering programs that support state, regional and local ecotourism planning and
management and which provide direct assistance to operators to develop their businesses
in a sustainable manner.
The Queensland Government, particularly through Tourism Queensland and the Environmental
Protection Agency/Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, has a key role to play in supporting
the ecotourism industry by:
• providing direction for ecotourism at a state and regional level;
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• working in partnership with the ecotourism industry to ensure that ecotourism in protected
areas contributes to the protection of natural and cultural assets, respects the rights of
indigenous people and other stakeholders and operates in a manner that recognises the
commercial realities of conducting a tourism business;
• coordinating state and regional level ecotourism market research and health of the industry
assessments;
• offering programs that support state, regional and local ecotourism planning and
management and which provide direct assistance to operators to develop their businesses
in a sustainable manner; and,
• providing direct advice and support materials to operators to assist in the development of
their businesses in a sustainable manner.
Local Government has a key role to play in supporting the ecotourism industry by:
• providing direction for ecotourism at a local and regional level;
• working in partnership with the ecotourism industry to ensure that ecotourism in their local
area contributes to the protection of natural and cultural assets, respects the rights of the
wider community including indigenous people and operates in a manner that recognises
the commercial realities of conducting a tourism business; and,
• providing direct advice and assistance to operators to develop their businesses in a
sustainable manner.

Natural area managers
‘Natural area managers’ is a general term for those responsible for the planning and
management of lands and waters that are, or may be, used for ecotourism activities. This
stakeholder group comprises private landholders as well as public agencies managing terrestrial
and aquatic protected areas. Natural area managers are responsible for:
• managing areas under their control responsibly and sustainably;
• consulting with the ecotourism industry when developing plans, policies and guidelines
that may affect ecotourism activities;
• preparing management plans that recognise ecotourism opportunities;
• developing guidelines and policies for ecotourism activities;
• participating in ecotourism proactively through establishing environmental education and
interpretive facilities and services;
• working with the industry to provide high quality ecotourism experiences;
• ensuring that ecotourism operators have equitable access to natural areas where
appropriate;
• recognising the financial and management benefits ecotourism activities provide natural
areas; and,
• supporting ecotourism as a means of promoting the sustainable use and development of
natural areas.
Conservation groups
Conservation groups often have direct interest in areas utilised/visited by the ecotourism
industry. Conservation groups can become involved in ecotourism by:
19
• working with the ecotourism industry and other stakeholders to develop ecotourism
guidelines and promote ecologically sustainable practices;
• providing a source of expertise in the protection of the natural and cultural environments
and the sustainable use of natural resources;
• providing guidance and assistance to the ecotourism industry and government on the
natural and cultural values of areas which may be suitable for ecotourism;
• participating in ecotourism planning and assessment processes;
• becoming directly involved in providing ecotourism activities;
• participating with their local community in ecotourism; and
• supporting ecotourism as a means of promoting the principles of ecologically sustainable
development.
Local communities
Ecotourism is widely recognised as having the potential to contribute positively to local
communities, including regional and rural communities. Ecotourism also has the potential to
impact negatively on local communities. Local communities can work together with the
ecotourism industry and other stakeholders to maximise the benefits and minimise potential
negative impacts of ecotourism in their community. The roles of communities in ecotourism
may include:

• becoming involved in ecotourism planning processes and activities;
• encouraging ecotourism operators to contribute positively to the local community;
• developing ecotourism products and providing complementary services and facilities;
• promoting their community and culture to visitors;
• adopting and promoting ecological sustainability and environmental management
practices; and,
• assisting natural area managers to ensure that ecotourism projects achieve their objectives
and benefit the local communities.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
Indigenous people can become involved in the development and promotion of the principles of
ecotourism in a variety of ways. They may be involved as individuals or as communities and as
owners/operators of their own ecotourism businesses. Indigenous people may be involved in
advisory or management roles relating to both private and public lands and may enter into
contractual or financial arrangements that might involve the sharing of their knowledge with
the broader tourism industry in a way which respects their culture and their rights. Indigenous
people can become involved in ecotourism by:
• having management responsibility for areas used for ecotourism;
20
• increasing visitor/community awareness through ecotourism of the value and significance
of natural areas and the relationship of indigenous people to their land;
• promoting and encouraging the application of ecologically sustainable practices to visitors
and within their own communities through ecotourism;
• establishing and operating ecotourism businesses;
• working in partnership with the ecotourism industry to enhance the capabilities of
indigenous people to be involved in and benefit from tourism; and,
• providing assistance to and working in partnership with the ecotourism industry and
government agencies on how areas of natural and cultural significance may be
incorporated into ecotourism activities.
Outdoor recreation groups
Outdoor recreation stakeholders include formal associations, interest groups and independent
participants. Outdoor recreation groups and individuals often utilise the same sites in natural
and protected areas as the ecotourism industry, and many ecotourism activities simply involve a
commercial operator leading a group of clients in outdoor recreation activities. As a result, the
ecotourism industry and the outdoor recreation community have many potential opportunities
to cooperate. There is, however, also potential for conflict between ecotourism operators and
outdoor recreation stakeholders through competition for access to sites. Outdoor recreation
group responsibilities, in relation to the ecotourism industry, include:
• working with the ecotourism industry to establish appropriate management regimes for
sites used by both the ecotourism industry and recreation groups;
• working together with the ecotourism industry to develop an understanding of impacts of
outdoor recreation and ecotourism activities on natural and protected areas;
• adhering to agreed codes of conduct and minimal impact practices that apply to
ecotourism operations and recreationists; and,

• contributing to protected and natural area management equally with the ecotourism
industry.
Educational and research institutions
Educational institutions such as universities, TAFE colleges, schools and tourism training
organisations and specialist research organisations such as the Cooperative Research Centres
for Tourism, Reef and Rainforest can make positive contributions to the ecotourism industry by
ensuring appropriate training, education and research opportunities are available. Educational
and research institutions can make important contributions to ecotourism by:
• becoming involved in the planning, development and management of ecotourism activities;
• ensuring a highly skilled workforce is available to the industry as a result of high quality
training;
• providing appropriate environmental education and interpretive education programs;
• identifying and promoting best practice standards; and,
• undertaking research that is industry relevant and addresses contemporary ecotourism
issues and which will assist industry and other stakeholders to ensure the development of a
sustainable ecotourism industry.
Other special interest groups
Other special interest groups that could support and contribute to the development of a
sustainable ecotourism industry include:
• Ecotourism Australia – the peak national body for Australia’s ecotourism industry which, in
addition to operating the Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program, has the role to
expand, consolidate and promote ecotourism to become more sustainable;
21
• Queensland Tourism Industry Council – the state peak body for representing the interests of
the tourism industry to governments, other industries and the wider community;
• Association of Marine Park Tourism Operators – the state peak marine tourism advisory
body representing the interests of marine tourism operators with a particular focus on the
Great Barrier Reef;
• Savannah Guides Ltd – a network of professional tour guides with a collective in-depth
knowledge of the natural and cultural assets found in the tropical savannahs of North
Queensland, the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia; and,
• Green Globe 21 Asia Pacific – a global environmental certification program for the travel
and tourism industry, based on the Agenda 21 principles for sustainable development
endorsed at the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro.

CHAPTER 2 KEY OBJECTIVES AND ACTION PLANS
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 provides a sound framework for Queensland to
build on its national and international reputation as a leader in sustainable ecotourism
planning, development, management and marketing. Continued development and expansion
of ecotourism in Queensland must occur within the context of careful management of growth
to ensure ecological and cultural sustainability is achieved, commercial business realities are
considered, infrastructure is provided and a more diverse range of high quality ecotourism
products is provided matched to visitor needs.
The implementation of this Plan will be strategic, consistent with management plans and give
initial priority to the following key areas:
22
• improving the business operating environment and sustainable tourism outcomes for
protected area managers and tourism operators accessing protected areas;
• providing for improved working relationships between industry and agencies;
• addressing issues of Native Title and associated implications for tourism operators accessing
protected areas;
• encouraging greater Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander involvement in the ecotourism
industry;
• promoting greater adoption of the NEAP accreditation scheme as a means of attaining best
practice;
• addressing issues of risk management and public liability as they relate to ecotourism;
• developing improved opportunities for partnerships between the public and private sectors
in the provision of ecotourism opportunities;
• developing a better understanding of the nature of the domestic and international
ecotourism markets; and,
• ensuring the growth projections for ecotourism in Queensland are appropriately considered
in the planning and management of the protected area estate.
The following 54 Action Plans linked to the five Key Objectives will be implemented against
one of three time frames: 0-2 years, 2-5 years or 0-5 years, with many of these Action Plans
also being of an ongoing nature. Each Action Plan has agencies or stakeholder groups
responsible for implementing that Action Plan with lead status for implementation identified in
bold print.
Tourism Queensland will be the agency responsible for coordinating the implementation of this
Plan and will work with agencies and stakeholder groups to assist with their implementation
responsibilities. Responsible agencies and stakeholder groups have been identified in relation to
their policy, management and operational roles as they relate to the specific Action Plans.
Government departments and agencies identified as having responsibilities for implementation
of Action Plans will be expected to incorporate these responsibilities within their current
programs. New activities not currently included in departmental plans will need to be included
in the development or review of corporate plans and budgets or applications for new funding.
Tourism Queensland will work with other agencies to ensure this occurs.
Implementation will need to have some level of flexibility to accommodate changes in priorities
and available resources and will include a process of monitoring and annual reviews. Tourism
Queensland will report progress on implementation of the Plan to Cabinet annually.

Key Objective One: Environmental Protection and Management
Key Objective One recognises the importance of Queensland’s natural environment, protected areas
and key natural attractions to the Queensland ecotourism industry. Actions that are part of this
Objective reflect the broad ranging involvement of the ecotourism industry in environmental protection
and management addressing such issues as: regulatory systems for managing tourism and visitation to
natural areas, environmental impact monitoring and funding of protected area management including
contributions from the ecotourism industry. This Objective also recognises the ecotourism industry has a
role to play in increasing the sustainability of the broader tourism industry by establishing sustainable
development benchmarks and demonstrating the practical application of environmentally friendly
technologies.
Action Responsibility Time frame
1. Ensure ecotourism is considered in the formulation EPA/QPWS,GBRMPA, 0-5 years
and implementation of protected area plans and WTMA, Local Gov.,
regional and local land use plans.
TQ, DLGP
2. Facilitate appropriate ecotourism industry input to the EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-5 years
planning and management of protected areas and the WTMA, Local Gov.,
formulation of regional and local plans.
TQ, DLGP
3. Ensure ecotourism use and management of protected EPA/QPWS GBRMPA, 0-5 years
areas respects the rights and interests of
WTMA, TQ, Ecotourism
indigenous people.
industry, DATSIP, DNRM
4. Facilitate implementation of ecotourism policy frameworks: EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-2 years
– Tourism in Protected Areas Initiative WTMA, TQ, EA,
– Framework for Sustainable Tourism and Recreation Ecotourism industry
Use of the Great Barrier Reef.
5. Ensure equity between all categories of visitors in the EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-5 years
formulation and implementation of visitor management WTMA, TQ
strategies.
23
6. Ensure the commercial realities, operational TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-5 years
requirements and contributions to management of GBRMPA, WTMA,
ecotourism operators are appropriately considered in the Local Gov., DNRM,
planning and management of protected and natural EA, DAPSIP
areas including associated Native Title negotiations.
7. Reduce growth of visitor pressure on icon sites by EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 2-5 years
focusing on alternative regional ecotourism opportunities. WTMA, TQ, Ecotourism
industry, RTOs
8. Incorporate strategic marketing initiatives into EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-5 years
protected area management.
WTMA, TQ, EA
9. Assist industry to understand relevant planning and TQ, DLGP 0-5 years
approval process for ecotourism developments.
10. Promote equitable contributions by government, EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-2 years
community and industry towards funding protected WTMA, TQ, EA
area management.
Ecotourism industry
11. Develop visitor codes of practice for industry, EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-2 years
government and the community.
WTMA, CRCs, TQ, EA
12. Examine and assess the ecological, cultural, social and TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-5 years
economic influences of ecotourism to improve planning WTMA, GBRMPA,
and decision-making.
Ecotourism industry
13. Encourage the broader tourism industry to adopt EPA/QPWS, TQ, DSD, 2-5 years
sustainable initiatives pioneered by the ecotourism Tourism industry
industry.
14. Ensure NEAP incorporates the requirements of protected TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-2 years
area management agencies and is the adopted means GBRMPA, WTMA, EA,
of recognising best practice ecotourism outcomes in ecotourism industry
protected areas.

Key Objective Two: Ecotourism Industry Development
Key Objective Two focuses on those issues considered critical to the ongoing growth and development
of Queensland’s ecotourism industry in the increasingly competitive domestic and international
markets. Actions included in this Objective will address a range of factors that could both enhance and
impede industry development including: responsible and targeted marketing, risk management/public
liability, indigenous involvement in ecotourism, effective application of research outcomes, adoption of
accreditation schemes and the establishment of regional industry consultative networks. This Objective
will also investigate initiatives that provide incentives and tangible benefits for tourism operators to
implement best practice and achieve accreditation.
Action Responsibility Time frame
15. Ensure ecotourism is addressed in domestic and TQ, RTOs, 0-5 years
international marketing strategies for Queensland Ecotourism industry
destinations.
16. Increase the profile of ecotourism with consumers, TQ, RTOs, 0-5 years
travel trade, community and government.
Ecotourism industry
17. Assist industry in translating best practice technologies TQ, EPA/QPWS 0-5 years
and information to ‘on the ground’ actions.
18. Reduce impediments to and increase incentives for the TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-5 years
ecotourism industry to adopt best practice technologies. GBRMPA, WTMA
19. Encourage greater Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander DATSIP, TQ, DNRM, 0-2 years
involvement in ecotourism.
Ecotourism industry
24
20. Facilitate access to information on high quality TQ, EPA/QPWS, EA 0-2 years
sustainable products and services.
21. Encourage the ecotourism industry to maximise visitor Ecotourism industry, 0-2 years
safety by developing appropriate risk management TQ, DES, EA
strategies and emergency procedures.
22. Ensure investigations into public liability insurance TQ, DPC 0-2 years
effectively account for the needs of ecotourism operators.
23. Promote best practice examples of ecotourism planning, TQ, EA, Ecotourism 0-2 years
development, management and marketing.
industry
24. Identify new ecotourism products including the linkages Ecotourism industry, 0-5 years
with cultural heritage tourism opportunities.
TQ, EPA/QPWS
GBRMPA, WTMA, ATSI
25. Encourage greater coordination within the ecotourism TQ, RTOs, EA, 0-5 years
industry including the establishment of regional
Ecotourism industry
ecotourism networks.
26. Increase operational and marketing benefits of NEAP TQ, EA, EPA/QPWS, 0-2 years
to industry and government.
GBRMPA, WTMA,
Ecotourism industry
27. Examine the role of other accreditation programs in TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-2 years
promoting ecotourism best practice including Green GBRMPA, WTMA
Globe 21, Savannah Guides and the Nature and
Ecotourism Guide Certification Program.
28. Ensure there are relevant and accredited training programs DET, SRQ, TQ, EA 0-5 years
available to encourage ecotourism industry participation
so as to maintain a skilled ecotourism industry workforce.

Key Objective Three: Infrastructure Development
Key Objective Three recognises the critical role of infrastructure in the development of sustainable
ecotourism outcomes that both protect and present the natural environment. Actions that comprise
this Objective will focus on key issues relating to: minimal impact environmental design, partnerships in
infrastructure provision, safe and sustainable access and funding of infrastructure. This Objective will
also recognise that ecotourism has a strong role to play in furthering ‘alternative’ environmentally
friendly technologies which may have wider application within and outside the tourism industry.
Action Responsibility Time frame
29. Ensure ecotourism infrastructure development and TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-5 years
maintenance reflects best practice minimal impact GBRMPA, WTMA,
design and procedures appropriate to the setting. Ecotourism industry,
Local Gov.
30. Encourage innovation in ecotourism infrastructure EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-5 years
development.
WTMA, TQ, Ecotourism
industry, EA
31. Provide safe, reliable, sustainable and appropriate access DMR, QT, Local 0-5 years
to ecotourism attractions.
Gov., EPA/QPWS,
WTMA, Ecotourism
industry, TQ
32. Develop guidelines and policies to assist the public, EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-2 years
private and community sectors in the provision and WTMA, TQ, EA,
maintenance of ecotourism infrastructure.
Ecotourism industry
33. Ensure that strategic regional ecotourism infrastructure EPA/QPWS, TQ, 0-2 years
needs are considered in the development of the State DSD
Infrastructure Plan – Implementation Plans.
25
34. Ensure ecotourism infrastructure in National Parks EPA/QPWS, TQ 0-5 years
reflects the intent of the setting categories as defined in
the Park’s Master Plan.
35. Ensure visitor infrastructure in protected areas reflects EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-5 years
future growth projections for ecotourism at the state, TQ
regional and local levels.

Key Objective Four: Community Development
Key Objective Four recognises that communities need to both have input to and ownership of tourism
development in their areas and directly benefit from local and regional tourism development. Actions
under this Objective will focus on: establishing and fostering partnerships between communities and
the tourism industry, community capacity building to be actively involved in ecotourism planning, and
ensuring flow on benefits of ecotourism to communities.
Action Responsibility Time frame
36. Facilitate greater community involvement in ecotourism TQ, RTOs, Local 0-5 years
planning and development.
Gov., Ecotourism
industry, ATSI
37. Encourage increased contributions to conservation and EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA, 0-5 years
communities from the ecotourism industry.
WTMA, TQ, Local
Gov., Ecotourism
industry, ATSI, EA
38. Encourage industry to reflect community needs in TQ, Local Gov., 0-5 years
ecotourism planning, development and management. Ecotourism industry,
ATSI, EA
39. Encourage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander DATSIP, DNRM, TQ, 0-2 years
involvement in ecotourism.
Ecotourism industry,
ATSI, EA
26
40. Establish partnerships between ecotourism industry, Ecotourism industry, 0-2 years
conservation organisations and ATSI groups to achieve Conservation
common goals.
organisations, ATSI,
TQ, EA
41. Encourage community and business development of Local Gov., DSD, 0-5 years
ecotourism opportunities.
RTOs, ATSI, TQ
42. Encourage the role of ecotourism in delivering sustainable TQ, DSD, Local Gov., 0-5 years
solutions for regional economic growth.
Ecotourism industry
43. Provide ecotourism interpretive materials for Ecotourism industry, 2-5 years
non-English-speaking people.
EPA/QPWS, GBRMPA,
WTMA, TQ, CRCs,
Universities

Key Objective Five: Research
Key Objective Five recognises the need to have a clear research agenda relating to the planning,
development, management and marketing of ecotourism in Queensland. Research Actions will focus
on the environmental, economic, social and cultural aspects of ecotourism industry development as
well as gathering market intelligence and a timely understanding of trends that may assist forward
planning for ecotourism.
Action Responsibility Time frame
44. Ensure ecotourism research outcomes are relevant and TQ, CRCs, Universities, 0-5 years
have practical application for industry.
Ecotourism industry, EA
45. Support research into the ecological, cultural and social TQ, EPA/QPWS, 0-5 years
aspects of ecotourism to improve planning, monitoring WTMA, GBRMPA,
and decision-making.
Ecotourism industry
46. Undertake detailed market research on the TQ, CRCs, Universities, 0-2 years
segmentation of international ecotourism markets. Ecotourism industry
47. Develop a comprehensive understanding of domestic TQ, CRCs, Universities, 0-2 years
ecotourist market segmentation.
Ecotourism industry
48. Monitor the propensity of different market segments to TQ, CRCs, Ecotourism 0-5 years
participate in ecotourism activities.
industry, Universities
49. Improve product development and marketing through Ecotourism industry, 0-5 years
access to better market intelligence.
TQ, CRCs, EA
50. Refine and re-evaluate methods to effectively measure TQ, CRCs, Universities 2-5 years
the economic value/ contribution of ecotourism at
regional and State levels and for land use planning.
27
51. Assess community attitudes towards ecotourism and TQ, Ecotourism 2-5 years
monitor the social impact of ecotourism.
industry, CRCs, Local
Gov., Universities
52. Analyse implications of environmental, demographic, TQ, CRCs, Universities 2-5 years
social and technological trends for Queensland’s
ecotourism industry.
53. Assess the projected growth of ecotourism in TQ, QPWS, GBRMPA 0-2 years
Queensland and analyse the implications for protected
areas and other ecotourism destinations.
54. Ensure research findings are appropriately disseminated CRCs, Universities, 0-5 years
to the ecotourism industry, government and the
TQ
community.

Abbreviations
ATSI
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
28
CRCs
DATSIP
DES
DET
DLGP
DMR
DNRM
DPC
DSD
EA
EPA/QPWS
GBRMPA
QT
RTOs
SRQ
TQ
WTMA
Cooperative Research Centres
Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy
Department of Emergency Services
Department of Employment and Training
Department of Local Government and Planning
Department of Main Roads
Department of Natural Resources and Mines
Department of Premiers and Cabinet
Department of State Development
Ecotourism Australia
Environmental Protection Agency incorporating the Sustainable Industries
Division and the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
Queensland Transport
Regional Tourism Organisations
Sport and Recreation Queensland
Tourism Queensland
Wet Tropics Management Authority
Glossary of terms
Accreditation / Certification – A quality control mechanism that formally recognises
businesses or products that meet nominated industry standards, usually associated with
sectoral best practice. Often referred to as ‘certification’ in international programs.
Adventure tourism – Usually a form of tourism in natural areas that incorporates an element
of risk, higher levels of physical exertion, and the need for specialised skills.
Auditing – A process that a business undergoes to identify and confirm benchmarks, provide
accreditation with reliability and validity, and measure and verify best practice.
Best Practice – Operational standards considered the most effective and efficient means of
achieving desired outcomes, such as environmental sustainability.
Biogeographic region – An area defined by a combination of physical and biological criteria,
generally, a system of related, interconnected ecosystems (Refer Appendix 3).
Carrying capacity – The amount of visitor activity that a site or destination can sustain.
Code of Ethics / Conduct / Practice – Recommended practices based on a system of selfregulation
intended to affect environmentally and/or socio-culturally sustainable behaviour and
outcomes within the targeted group.
Conservation – The protection and maintainance of nature while allowing for its ecologically
sustainable use.

Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) – Using, conserving and enhancing the
community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained and
the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased.
Ecosystem – A dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal and micro-organism communities,
and the associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit.
Ecotourism – Encompasses a spectrum of nature-based activities that foster visitor
appreciation and understanding of natural and cultural heritage and are managed to be
ecologically, economically and socially sustainable.
Host community – Groups such as permanent residents, local businesses, and other interest
groups in a destination who have a common interest in maintaining a high quality of life.
Interpretation – Revealing the significance and meanings of natural and associated cultural
phenomena to visitors, usually with the intent of providing a satisfying learning experience and
encouraging more sustainable behaviour.
Market segmentation – The division of a larger consumer market into smaller, homogeneous
groups on the basis of geographical, socio-demographic, psychographic and/or behavioural
characteristics, in order to better effect target marketing and management strategies.
Native title – Recognition in Australian law of Indigenous Australians’ (including Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander people) rights and interests in land and waters according to
traditional laws and customs.
Natural areas – Areas that exist in, or are formed by, nature; not artificial; incorporates
cultural aspects.
29
Off-site management – Provision of pre-visit (or otherwise off-site) educational and
interpretive materials to raise awareness of management issues and encourage minimum
impact behaviour.
On-site management – Management of visitor impacts and behaviour on-site through the use
of signs, formed tracks or board walks, barriers and the physical presence of management staff.
Protected area – A designated portion of land or water to which regulations and restrictions
have been applied, thereby affording a given degree of protection against on-site activities that
threaten the environmental integrity of the area.
Protected Area Managers – An individual, corporation or agency (whether public or private)
responsible for the planning, management and/or operation of protected areas.
Renewable energy – Energy sources that are practically inexhaustible. Alternatives to nonrenewable
fossil fuels (such as coal and oil). For example solar, hydro and wind energy.
Setting – A term used to describe the character of a place which takes into account its
physical, social and managerial features.
Sustainable development – Development carried out in such a way as to meet the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable tourism – Tourism that can be sustained over the long term because it results in
a net benefit for the social, economic, natural and cultural environments of the area in which it
takes place.
Tourist – A traveller who stays at least 40km away from home for one or more nights.
World Heritage Listing – To identify and protect sites of “outstanding universal value”.

APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Ecotourism Principles and
Best Practice
Ecological Sustainable Development and the Triple-Bottom-Line
Ecological Sustainable Development (ESD) is a concept that promotes using, conserving and
enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are
maintained and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased. ESD requires
a commitment to ecological, economic and social/cultural sustainability – commonly referred to
as the ‘triple-bottom-line’.
30
Ecotourism is an industry recognised for its potential to lead in implementation of ESD
principles, and is seen as a role model for other sectors of the tourism industry as a leader in
ESD practices and ‘triple-bottom-line’ reporting. Triple bottom line reporting involves measuring
success of the business on ecological and social performance as well as the traditional measure
of success – economic performance. The 1997 Queensland Ecotourism Plan recognised that
while all tourism should be sustainable – ecologically, economically and socially, the ecotourism
sector has a particular role to play in ensuring ecological sustainability. Ecotourism operators
are recognised as leaders in the uptake of sustainable technologies and management systems,
leading the whole tourism industry and educating visitors at the same time.
The following sections outline the key principles of ecotourism, in particular the way that they
relate to ‘triple-bottom-line’ requirements. Ecological, social and economic sustainability are
addressed separately, however in reality the three elements are strongly interlinked. For
example, ecologically sustainable practices in waste minimisation can reduce operating costs,
resulting in a more profitable business that will have greater capacity to contribute to
conservation, provide stable employment opportunities and purchase more goods and services
from local suppliers.
Ecological sustainability
The challenge for Queensland’s ecotourism industry is to develop the State’s ecotourism
capacity and the quality of tourism products without adversely affecting the environment on
which it depends. This involves ensuring that the type, location and level of ecotourism use do
not harm Queensland’s natural areas and that management is adequate to sustain appropriate
levels of ecotourism.
Factors such as the type of ecosystem, tenure, visitation demands, existing infrastructure,
potential for additional visitor infrastructure and management styles, will all affect the
measures required to ensure ecological sustainability at ecotourism sites. Visitor management
through permit conditions and provision of infrastructure can assist with achieving ecological
sustainability, however in some instances limiting access to and use of sensitive environmental
areas for ecotourism (and other) activities may be necessary to avoid overuse and to preserve
diversity in Queensland’s biosystems.
In addition to contributing to ecological sustainability through minimal impact activities,
ecotourism is required to contribute actively to conservation. There are a variety of ways this

can be achieved – direct contributions to conservation by ecotourism businesses may involve
participating or supporting research and monitoring, assisting with natural resource
management activities, the conduct of interpretive programs which educate visitors about
natural area management and general environmental issues, and returning a percentage of
revenue to the management of natural areas visited. Independent visitors can contribute to
conservation of natural areas visited by adhering to visitor codes of practice / minimal impact
techniques, participating in management surveys, reporting inappropriate behaviour to
managers and rangers, picking up litter on route and participating in organised community
service activities (such as clean ups, weeding, scientific research) in natural areas.
Ecologically sustainable practices are critical at a site level, however, ‘ecological sustainability’
encompasses broader practices such as minimising the use of non-renewable resources like
water and energy and using renewable energy wherever possible, in offices and
accommodation. Minimising usage of chemicals (such as cleaning products) and minimising
solid waste (from excess packaging, office wastes, etc) are also key aspects of ecological
sustainability.
Social sustainability
Social and cultural sustainability are fundamental aspects of ESD. The benefits of ecotourism
should outweigh any cost to the host community and the local environment. Achieving social
and cultural sustainability will require that tourism operators involve the local community in the
development and management of their tourism ventures, in ways that ensure the local
community derives genuine benefits from tourism occurring in their local area. Benefits from
tourism to local communities should include employment, stimulating demand for locally
produced and owned goods and services, provision of additional infrastructure that benefits
local communities as well as visitors, investment in conservation and management of the local
environment and a sense of pride in the local community.
31
Presentation of local communities through interpretive programs and activities that encourage
interaction between visitors and local residents should aim to develop a greater understanding
and appreciation of the local lifestyle and culture, ensuring respect for the local community in
destinations visited. Respect for local cultural heritage, particularly indigenous culture, is a key
aspect in ensuring the social sustainability of ecotourism.
Economic sustainability
Underpinning an operation’s ability to commit to ESD is the need for the business to be
economically sustainable. A profitable business will have greater capacity to contribute to
conservation and invest in sustainable technology as well as provide stable employment
opportunities for the local community and purchase more locally produced and owned goods
and services.
An economically sustainable ecotourism industry in Queensland requires effort by both the
private and public sectors. The private sector will contribute to an economically sustainable
ecotourism industry by following best practice business management principles, engaging
expertise in business management practices when appropriate and meeting legal
responsibilities and obligations. The public sector also has a key role to play in fostering an
economically sustainable ecotourism industry, through recognising the commercial realities and
pressures of operating a tourism enterprise and ensuring a business-friendly regulatory
environment.

Ecotourism principles
Natural setting
Ecotourism is based in the natural environment, with a focus on natural and cultural heritage.
Conservation and sustainable management of the natural environment are essential to
planning, development, management and marketing of ecotourism.
Education and interpretation
Environmental education and interpretation is the key to creating an enjoyable and meaningful
ecotourism experience, and is one of the key points of differentiation between ecotourism and
other tourism products. Successful interpretive components of ecotourism products will foster
appreciation and support for conservation efforts, local communities and culture. This will
realise the greater potential of ecotourism as a vehicle for an increased community
commitment to the principles of ESD.
Visitor satisfaction
Visitor satisfaction with the ecotourism experience is essential to the ecotourism industry’s
long-term viability. Accurate information about ecotourism opportunities at a particular
destination should be available for people planning holidays. The ecotourism experience should
meet or exceed realistic visitor expectations.
32
Product marketing
Visitors should have realistic expectations and understanding of potential tourism experiences
to help them choose a holiday and product that is suitable for their needs and desired
experiences. Responsible marketing will inform potential visitors of available and appropriate
activities in particular areas. Responsible marketing of ecotourism opportunities is the
responsibility of the ecotourism industry and protected area management agencies. Effective
and responsible marketing of ecotourism opportunities can be used as a form of visitor
management – creating realistic expectations and an understanding of allowable and
acceptable behaviour while visiting sensitive natural areas.
Ecotourism accreditation and certification
Accreditation and certification programs can provide an industry led approach to developing
and implementing ecotourism best practice. Accreditation and certification of ecotourism
products can provide: tourists and the travel trade with a recognisable and authentic
ecotourism product; natural area managers and local communities with a guarantee that the
ecotourism business is operating at best practice; accredited operators with a measure of their
performance against established ecotourism criteria; and marketing advantage in attracting
consumers looking for genuine ecotourism products.
Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program
The Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program (NEAP) was developed by the Australian
tourism industry to identify genuine ecotourism and nature-tourism operators. It is a world first
accreditation program that provides industry, protected area managers and consumers with an
assurance that product accredited under NEAP is committed to providing visitors with a quality
experience. Eligibility for accreditation is based upon a number of environmental, economic
and social principles of sustainability. Ecotourism Australia currently manages the NEAP, with
accredited operators identified by three levels of accreditation – Nature Tourism, Ecotourism
and Advanced Ecotourism.

At the time of writing, Queensland has over 50 per cent of Australia’s NEAP accredited
products. This is a product of not only Queensland’s competitive advantage as an ecotourism
destination but also a range of Tourism Queensland initiatives implemented between 1997 and
2002 aimed at generating awareness of NEAP at both consumer and industry levels, including:
• product features in industry newsletters;
• journalist programs featuring accredited Queensland product in print and television media;
• product listings in domestic retail and international trade brochures (Sunlover Holidays and
International Travel Planner);
• regional workshops promoting NEAP;
• corporate promotional material (i.e. stickers, posters and note pads);
• financial support for NEAP expansion and auditing program;
• industry and consumer market research;
• product listings in the Queensland Ecotourism Product CD; and,
• a full colour brochure profiling accredited operators in Queensland.
Green Globe 21 Asia Pacific
Green Globe 21 Asia Pacific is a global environmental certification program for the travel and
tourism industry. It is based on the Agenda 21 principles for sustainable development that
were endorsed by 182 Heads of State at the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio De
Janeiro. The Green Globe Program encourages travel and tourism operations, companies,
communities and protected areas to make a commitment to improving their environmental
performance across a range of indicators. This provides consumers with an assurance that
Green Globe companies and communities are committed to a better travel and tourism future.
The Green Globe process involves achieving a benchmarked baseline standard of
environmentally and socially sustainable performance by achieving the following levels:
Affiliate, Benchmarked and Certified. Sectors of the tourism industry covered by Green Globe
include airlines, airports, caravan parks, car hire, convention centre, cruise boat, exhibition
halls, golf courses, hotels, marinas, railways, restaurants, tour operators, vineyards, and
destinations including communities and protected areas.
33
Savannah Guides Ltd
The Savannah Guides are a network of professional tour guides with a collective in-depth
knowledge of the natural and cultural assets found in the tropical savannahs of North
Queensland, the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Savannah
Guide sites and stations have been developed by private enterprises at natural and cultural
features, while Savannah Guide operators and master operators conduct interpretive tours
throughout the region. Savannah Guides Ltd was established as a non-profit company in 1988
to provide access for tourists to unique natural features on private, leased or public property in
a manner that protected the region’s assets. The Savannah Guides have received global
recognition through the British Airways Tourism for Tomorrow Awards and world-renowned
conservationist Professor David Bellamy.
EcoGuide Program
The EcoGuide Program is a voluntary, industry driven and run certification program for guides
working in the nature and ecotourism sector of the Australian tourism industry. It was
developed in 2000 by a range of stakeholders including the tourism industry, government
bodies, protected area managers, training providers, guides and Ecotourism Australia. The

EcoGuide Program provides a guarantee for tourists and tour operators that certified guides
are committed to providing quality nature tourism and ecotourism experiences in a safe,
culturally sensitive and environmentally sustainable manner. It provides an industry
‘qualification’ for guides that have achieved specified competencies and standards through
workplace assessment of key guiding skills including communication, interpretation,
knowledge and attitude. The program is managed and administered by Ecotourism Australia
with support from an expert panel, workplace assessors and program administrator.
Certification remains valid for three years.
34

Appendix 2
Managing Tourism in
Protected Areas
Over the last three years the tourism industry, Tourism Queensland and Queensland’s key
protected area management agencies, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (a division of
the Environmental Protection Agency) and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, have
been working on two initiatives. Developed in parallel, these initiatives are based on the same
set of principles so as to provide for more effective, efficient and equitable tourism
management systems for Queensland’s land and marine based protected areas.
A report Tourism Management in Queensland Protected Areas – A new way forward in
managing tourism in protected areas has focused on the protected areas managed by the
Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. The report, produced by a Working Group of
government and industry representatives, includes options and recommendations for a new
approach to tourism management. At the time of printing, the Queensland Government was
considering the report and associated recommendations. Details of the report are available
from Tourism Queensland.
Reef tourism management has been addressed in the report A Co-operative Framework for
the Sustainable Use and Management of Tourism and Recreation Opportunities in the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, prepared by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority’s
Tourism and Recreation Reef Advisory Committee. At the time of printing, the report had not
yet been formally adopted by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority but was being used
as the basis for developing the detail of a new approach to tourism management on the reef.
Details of the report are available from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.
35

Appendix 3
BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
Weipa
CYP
GBR
BB
CCC
CMC
CYP
DRP
DU
EU
GFU
GP
MGD
ML
NET
NWH
NWS
SEQ
SSD
WT
GBR
Brigalow Belt
Channel Country Complex
Central Mackay Coast
Cape York Peninsula
Darling River Plain
Desert Uplands
Einasleigh Uplands
Gulf Fall Uplands
Gulf Plains
Mitchell Grass Downs
Mulga Lands
North New England Tableland
North West Highlands
North West Slopes
South Eastern Queensland
Simpson-Strzelecki Dunefields
Wet Tropics
Great Barrier Reef
36
Cooktown
WT
Innisfail
GFU
GP
EU
Tully
Ingham
Townsville
SSD
NWH
Cloncurry
Mt Isa
Birdsville
CCC
SSD
MGD
ML
Windorah
Hughenden
Richmond
Winton
Bowen
Charters Towers
DU
Barcaldine
Longreach
Blackall
ML
SSD
DRP
CMC
Mackay
Emerald
GBR
CMC
Rockhampton
Gladstone
BB
SEQ
Charleville Mitchell Roma
Quilpie
Miles
Cunnamulla
Gympie
NWS
Toowoomba
Ipswich
Warwick
St George
Goondiwindi
Bundaberg
NET

Table A2.1: Biogeographic Regions of Queensland
Name of General Description Natural and cultural attributes of special
biogeographic
ecotourism interest
region
Brigalow Belt
Cape York
Peninsula
Central Mackay
Coast*
Channel Country
Complex
Darling-Riverina
Plain
Desert Uplands
Gulf Fall Uplands
Gulf Plains
Mitchell Grass
Downs
– a large area of relatively low country with
some elevated areas of dissected sandstone
plateaux and hill
– large areas of Brigalow open forest
– the northernmost and one of the most
remote biogeographic regions in the State
– contains vast areas of low lying plains as well
as richer areas of distinctive vine forest
– small, wet coastal region surrounded by drier
areas
– an area of great biodiversity with rainforest
clad mountains, coastal plains and many
offshore islands
– an area of tablelands and plains on the
northern edge of the Simpson Desert
– the tableland plateaux are often deeply
dissected
– much of the lower plain country is seasonally
inundated
– an area of low, alluvial, flood prone plains
along the course of the Darling River
– a fragile, semi arid area of central
Queensland/a relic tertiary plateau with
distinctive vegetation communities
– small remote region on the Northern Territory
Queensland border
– consists of dissected plateaux and high plains
of rugged topography
– flat alluvial, outwash, and erosional plains
bordering the Gulf of Carpentaria
– includes extensive areas of salt pans, salt
grass meadows, grasslands and woodlands in
higher areas
– an extensive area of undulating erosional
plains in the central western part of
Queensland
– vegetation is dominated by arid tussock
grasslands
– the spectacular and biologically interesting
gorge and escarpment country of the
Carnarvon Range
– coastal wetlands are of high value as
waterbird habitat
– Aboriginal rock art
– areas of high Aboriginal and European
cultural value
– a number of distinct habitats which are
unique in their assemblages of flora and fauna
– high level of biological diversity
– Aboriginal relationship to land and natural
resources
– some of Queensland’s key wilderness areas
– Aboriginal rock art sites and a rich Aboriginal
cultural heritage
– Whitsunday Islands
– rainforests
– spectacular coastal scenery
– fringing coral reefs
– sites reflecting Aboriginal adaptation to an
island environment
– rugged gorges and escarpments
– inland river systems with rich riverine habitat
– outback cultural heritage
– inland rivers with pools and waterholes
– well developed vegetation communities and
wildlife habitats along the major watercourses
– large lakes and excellent waterfowl habitat
– interesting scenery and distinctive vegetation
and habitat
– rugged gorge and mountain scenery
– numerous water features with distinctive
vegetation and fauna
– prime waterbird habitats
– Aboriginal relationship to land and natural
environment
– migratory wader habitats of international
significance
– inland rivers with scenic waterholes, welldeveloped
vegetation communities and
wildlife habitat along the major watercourses
outback cultural heritage
37

Name of General Description Natural and cultural attributes of special
biogeographic
ecotourism interest
region
Mulga Lands
– a large area of flat to undulating plains with
mulga dominated vegetation in southern
Queensland
– salt and freshwater lakes which provide
excellent waterfowl habitat
– inland river systems with well developed
fringing vegetation communities
North West
Highlands *
– an area of relatively rugged hilly country
around Mt Isa and extending north-west to
the Northern Territory border
– rugged gorges and escarpments
– fossil deposits of international significance
– water features and wildlife of Lawn Hill Gorge
Aboriginal rock art sites
North West
Slopes
– a small area of plains and low hills with semiarid
eucalypt woodland near the New South
Wales border
– inland river systems with well developed
fringing vegetation communities
Northern New
England
Tableland
– a small area of granite country which is an
extension of the granite tablelands of
northern New South Wales
– interesting and highly scenic granite rock
formations
– distinctive vegetation and habitat
Einasleigh
Uplands
– a large elevated region of complex geology
and often rugged topography
– the largest upland region in Queensland
– extensive areas of basalt plains formed by lava
flows
– extensive lava tunnels
– rugged gorges and escarpments
– limestone caves
– Aboriginal rock art
38
Simpson-
Strzelecki
Dunefields
– very hot and dry sand plains and dune areas
in the south-western corner of the State
– variable but generally sparse vegetation
– desert ecosystems with distinctive flora and
fauna which has adapted to harsh conditions
– Burke and Wills ‘dig’ tree
South Eastern
Queensland *
– a region of great physical and biological
diversity despite its high population
– coastal sand mass areas including Fraser
Island and the Great Sandy Region
– sub-tropical rainforests including the Border
Ranges
– coastal wallum communities
– interesting coastal and mountain scenery
– interesting geological features
– whale watching
– remnants of the timber industry on Fraser Island
– early evidence of Aboriginal coastal
occupation
Wet Tropics *
– an essentially mountainous region with a
narrow coastal plain
– Queensland’s highest rainfall area with many
spectacular rivers
– an area of extremely high biological diversity
– upland and lowland tropical rainforests
– tall eucalypt forests
– coastal wetlands
– rivers and waterfalls
– Aboriginal relationship with land and natural
environment
– spectacular mountain and gorge scenery
– Aboriginal rainforest culture
Great Barrier
Reef *
– a massive complex of almost 3,000 coral reefs
and more than 300 reef islands, extending
over a distance of approximately 2,000km
between 10km and 120km off the
Queensland coastline
– coral reefs
– sand and coral cays
– magnificent marine life
– birdlife
– whale watching
– indigenous relationship to land and natural
resources
– sites reflecting Aboriginal adaptation to an
island environment
* Partially or completely included in a World Heritage area.

Appendix 4
ECOTOURISM AND THE
QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT
Growing Tourism Initiative
Implementation of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 will achieve several of the
Growing Tourism initiative’s key actions relating to tourism in protected areas, impact
monitoring, accreditation, best practice guidelines and community involvement.
Master Plan for Queensland’s Parks System
Implementation of the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 will contribute to achieving
the vision of the Master Plan, particularly in the areas of conserving natural and cultural values,
establishing working partnerships, enhancing visitor opportunities and experiences, sustaining
commercial and community services and assisting park planning, management and resourcing.
State Infrastructure Plan
Infrastructure actions in the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 will be coordinated
through the State Infrastructure Plan – Implementation Plans.
Queensland Cruise Shipping Plan
Implementation of specific actions in the Queensland Ecotourism Plan 2003–2008 will
contribute to providing for a more effective, efficient and equitable tourism regulatory system
(including permits and environmental operating standards) in marine protected areas along the
Queensland coast that will allow for the sustainable growth of cruise shipping in Queensland.
39

Appendix 5
1997 Queensland ecotourism
plan REVIEW AND OUTCOMES
The Queensland Ecotourism Plan launched in 1997 outlined four Key Objectives, with seven
strategies and 36 Action Plans designed to achieve the Key Objectives. Most of the QEP Action
Plans have either been implemented or initiated within the designated 5-year timeframe. The
following section provides a summary of implementation of each of the Key Objectives. A full
report of implementation of the 1997 QEP can be obtained from Tourism Queensland.
Key Objective One: Environmental Protection and Management
Strategy 1 – Identification of areas with high natural and cultural value
This strategy encouraged the development of an assessment methodology to allow agencies to
assess natural and associated cultural values consistently, ensuring environmental protection
and management. It also encouraged the development of a database and inventory of natural
areas with ecotourism potential to minimise fragmentation and duplication in planning.
40
It is considered that the resources developed by Tourism Queensland (eg. ECORAM, Impact
Monitoring Guidelines, etc) and the ongoing work of protected area agencies like Queensland
Parks and Wildlife Service and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority have together resulted
in the effective implementation of this Strategy. An inventory of areas with ecotourism
potential was not developed as this was considered to be too prescriptive. The previously
mentioned Tourism Queensland resources have provided the tools for such assessments to be
made on an ‘as needs’ basis.
Strategy 2 – Management Planning
This strategy encouraged the development of consistent, statewide management guidelines for
ecotourism. The strategy allowed for planning in protected areas to identify areas of natural
and associated cultural significance and provide for ecotourism activities and infrastructure in
natural areas through integrated decision-making processes. The need for consistent, statewide
guidelines on allowable activities and sustainable levels of use to help guide the development
of ecotourism services was identified. The need for integrated systems of permits and fees with
consistent criteria for decision making across agencies, ecotourism impact monitoring, and
government / industry cooperation in conserving natural areas while developing industry was
also identified.
It is considered that the majority of the Action Items in this Strategy are either completed or
have been implemented and are of an ongoing nature. Implementation of the Tourism in
Protected Areas recommendations by Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service and progression of
the Tourism and Recreation Reef Advisory Committee Framework for sustainable tourism use
of the reef with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority will largely satisfy the actions in
the Strategy. Further research into sustainable levels of use is required.

Key Objective Two: Ecotourism Industry Development
Strategy 3 – Product Development
Product development should work towards meeting the wide range of needs and interests of
ecotourists. Training in management, interpretation, safety and service skills along with product
development that enhances the quality and diversity of ecotourism in Queensland were
identified needs. This strategy included a commitment to encouraging participation in the
Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program (NEAP), recognised the need to identify and
assess risks associated with tourism in natural settings and also identified a need to develop a
means of assessing the contribution of ecotourism to the economy.
It is considered that the majority of the Action Items in this Strategy are either completed or
have been implemented and are of an ongoing nature. The issue of an industry wide insurance
scheme was not pursued by industry or TQ prior to September 2001 as it was not considered
to be a critical issue. However, since September 2001 Public Liability Insurance has become an
important issue for the ongoing financial liability of the entire tourism industry and as such is
being addressed at a State and Commonwealth level.
Strategy 4 – Marketing and promotion
This strategy encouraged recognition of the ‘unique’ attributes of Queensland ecotourism
opportunities, the identification of ecotourism markets, packaging of ecotourism products as
part of a wider range of tourism opportunities, expansion of the range of ecotourism
opportunities that are promoted, cooperative marketing with natural area managers to ensure
that demand for experiences does not exceed site capacity, and market research to determine
expectations and levels of satisfaction.
41
Tourism Queensland has conducted broad ranging research on domestic and international
ecotourism and nature-based tourism markets and has clearly indicated the key features and
attractions of ecotourism in Queensland. More research into ecotourism markets, particularly
international ecotourism opportunities is required.
Key Objective Three: Infrastructure Development
Strategy 5 – Infrastructure development
This strategy focused on appropriate infrastructure and innovative technology, the
development of appropriate accommodation options (in and nearby natural areas),
presentation of ecotourism facilities and services and the role of public, private and community
sectors in the provision of ecotourism infrastructure. Specifically, the strategy required the
development of guidelines on appropriate infrastructure, the piloting of innovative technology,
and defining of the roles of state agencies, community and private sectors in infrastructure
provision.
Tourism Queensland has developed a range of self-help materials that provide guidelines on
sustainable design and infrastructure but more work is required in the adoption of these by
industry and government, and the role of industry and the community in infrastructure
provision.

Key Objective Four: Community Development
Strategy 6 – Local community development
This strategy encouraged local community involvement and representation in decision-making
and advisory forums, as well as minimisation of ecotourism impact through consultation and
sensitive design of tourism infrastructure and services. The strategy also required publication of
materials that would assist the community, including ATSI groups, in developing ecotourism
operations and maximising the benefits (economic and social) of tourism.
A considerable amount of effort has been focused on educating industry, government and
community about ecotourism through workshops, publications and self-help materials. More
work is required to encourage local involvement in ecotourism planning, to achieve greater
flow-on benefits to communities from ecotourism and to involve ATSI communities in
ecotourism.
Strategy 7 – General community development
This strategy identified a need for environmental and cultural educational programs at a broad
community level, to minimise environmental impact and raise environmental awareness. It
identified a need for governments to work with industry to develop codes of practice for
visitors, operators, industry associations and governments to build understanding of impacts
and improve environmental performance. Materials should be developed in a wide range of
languages.
42
It is considered that the majority of the actions in this strategy are completed or are of an
ongoing nature. However more work is required in the development of codes of practice and
multi-lingual educational materials.

Appendix 6
REFERENCES AND CONTACT DETAILS
QUEENSLAND
• Cooperative Research Centre – Sustainable Tourism www.crctourism.com.au
• Cooperative Research Centre – Reef www.reef.crc.org.au
• Cooperative Research Centre – Rainforest www.rainforest-crc.jcu.edu.au
• Cooperative Research Centre – Tropical Savannah www.savannah.ntu.edu.au
• Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority www.gbrmpa.gov.au
• Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines www.nrm.qld.gov.au
• Queensland Department of State Development www.sd.qld.gov.au
• Queensland Environmental Protection Agency and Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
www.env.qld.gov.au
• Queensland Tourism Industry Council www.qtic.com.au
• Wet Tropics Management Authority www.wettropics.gov.au
• Savannah Guides Limited www.savannah-guides.com.au
• Tourism Queensland www.tq.com.au
AUSTRALIA
• Australian Bureau of Statistics www.abs.gov.au
• Australian Greenhouse Office www.greenhouse.gov.au
• Australian Tourist Commission www.atc.australia.com
• Australian Tourism Export Council www:atec.net.au
• Bureau of Tourism Research www.btr.gov.au
• Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage www.ahc.gov.au
• Commonwealth Department of Industries, Tourism and Resources www.tourism.gov.au
• Commonwealth Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources
www.industry.gov.au/energybestpractice
• Ecotourism Australia www.ecotourism-australia.info
• Green Globe Asia Pacific www.ggasiapacific.com.au
• Interpretation Association of Australia www.interpretationaustralia.asn.au
43
INTERNATIONAL
• International Union for the Conservation of Nature – The World Conservation Union
www.wcpa.iucn.org/welcome.html
• The International Ecotourism Society www.ecotourism.org
• United Nations Environment Programme www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/ecotourism
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization www.unesco.org/whc
• World Tourism Organisation www.world-tourism.org/frameset/frame_sustainable.html
• Pacific Asia Travel Association www.pata.org

Appendix 7
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED
READING
Available from Tourism Queensland
Publications arising from implementation of the 1997 Queensland Ecotourism
Plan www.tq.com.au/ecotourism
44
• Tourism Queensland. (1997). Queensland Ecotourism Plan. State of Queensland.
Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1998). Tropical North Queensland Birdwatching Market Study.
State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1998). The Profile, Behaviour And Needs Of Tourists In
Environmentally Significant Areas. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). A National Domestic Survey. State of Queensland. Brisbane:
Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). Ecotourism, The Internet And Backpackers. State of
Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). How Are We Tracking? Environmental Tourism
Benchmarking Study. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). International Leisure Market Survey. State of Queensland.
Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). Nature-Based Tourism In Queensland. State of
Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). Grow Your Ecotourism Business – A Support Kit For
Operators. Volume 1. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (1999). Grow Your Ecotourism Business – A Support Kit For
Operators. Volume 2. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2000). Best Practice Ecotourism In Queensland. State of
Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2000). Innovation In Interpretation. State of Queensland.
Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2000). Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program (NEAP)
Consumer Survey. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2000). Nature and Ecotourism Accreditation Program (NEAP)
Industry Survey. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2000). Tour Operator Tool Kit. State of Queensland. Brisbane:
Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2001). Ecoram: A Simple Guide To Assessing ‘Great’ Ecotourism
Business Ideas. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2001). Getting Started Online: A Tourism Operator’s Guide To
The Internet. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2001). Outback Interpretation Manual. State of Queensland.
Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2001). North American Blueprint Research. State of Queensland.
Brisbane: Australia.
• Tourism Queensland. (2002). Environmental Impact Monitoring: A Guide For Tourism
Operators. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.

Other Resources
• Blamey, R. K. (1995). The Nature of Ecotourism: Occasional Paper Number 21. Bureau
of Tourism Research. Canberra: Australia.
• Blamey, R. K. & Hatch, D. (1996). BTR Occasional Paper Number 25: Profiles and
Motivations of Nature-Based Tourists Visiting Australia. Bureau of Tourism Research.
Canberra: Australia.
• Eagles, Paul F. J., McCool, Stephen F. and Haynes, Christopher D. A. (2002). Sustainable
Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN Gland:
Switzerland and Cambridge: UK.
• Ecotourism Association of Australia. (2001). Ecotourism Snapshot 2001. Gutteridge
Haskins and Davey, Queensland: Australia.
• Epler Wood, M. (2002). Ecotourism: Principles, Practices and Policies for Sustainability.
The International Ecotourism Society. Burlington: USA.
• Font, X. & Buckley, R. (Ed). (2001). Tourism Ecolabelling: Certification and Promotion.
CABI International. Oxon: UK and New York: USA
• Lindberg, K. & Hawkins, Donald. E. (1993). Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners &
Managers, Volume I. The International Ecotourism Society. Burlington: USA.
• Lindberg, K., Epler Wood, M. & Engeldrum, D. (1998). Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners
& Managers, Volume II. The International Ecotourism Society. Burlington: USA.
• MORI. (2000). Attitudes of Package Holiday Makers. Association of British Travel
Agents, London: UK.
• Queensland Department of the Premier and Cabinet. (2000). Native Title Contact Officer
Manual. State of Queensland. Brisbane: Australia.
• Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. (2001). Masterplan for Queensland’s Parks
System. State of Queensland, Environmental Protection Agency. Brisbane: Queensland.
• Page, Stephen. J. & Dowling, Ross. K. (2002). Themes in Tourism Series: Ecotourism.
Pearson Education Limited. Essex: UK
• The Bureau of Tourism Research. (2000). International Visitor Survey. Commonwealth
of Australia. Canberra: Australia.
• The Bureau of Tourism Research. (2001). National Visitor Survey. Commonwealth of
Australia. Canberra: Australia.
• The International Ecotourism Society. (2000). Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet. The
International Ecotourism Society. Burlington: USA.
• Vereczi, G. (2001). Preliminary Results of the WTO Research Programme on
Ecotourism Generating Markets. World Tourism Organization, Madrid: Spain.
• Weaver, David. B. (Ed). (2001). The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. CABI International.
Oxon: UK and New York: USA
• World Tourism Organisation. (2000). WTO News. 2nd Quarter, Issue 2. World Tourism
Organisation, Madrid: Spain.
• World Tourism Organisation. (2002). Quebec Declaration on Ecotourism. World Summit
on Sustainable Development. Johannesburg: South Africa.
45

46
Notes

48
For further information contact the Sustainable Tourism Department
of Tourism Queensland on 07 3535 5442 or visit the Queensland
Ecotourism Website www.tq.com.au/ecotourism