International Trade Statistics - World Trade Organization

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Since China joined the WTO in 2001, it has almost quadrupled its exports while imports have more than tripled. In 2007, its trade surplus reached $262 billion. Some 45 per cent of its trade receipts stem from Asia, while Europe and North America each receive 21 per cent of China’s exports. It should be noted that China Customs Statistics record the country of origin for imports and the country of fi nal destination for exports. However, if the country of fi nal destination cannot be ascertained, exports are attributed to the last known country of dispatch. Chart I.8 China – Merchandise exports by region, 2007 IWORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS (Billion dollars) CIS $48 billion North America $264 billion Europe $264 billion Middle East $44 billion China Africa $37 billion Asia $521 billion S/C America $39 billion Merchandise exports from China Least-developed countries Least-developed countries show an improved trade performance in services The participation of Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) in world trade has been increasing over the past fi ve years, albeit slowly. In 2006, the ratio of trade to GDP in LDCs continued to grow. For merchandise, LDCs’ share in world trade grew to 1 per cent due to the higher international prices of commodities. Their share of trade in commercial services amounted to 0.4 per cent only. However, trade in commercial services is increasing in all major sectors, such as transportation, travel and other commercial services. Transportation services showed steady growth between 2000 and 2006, resulting in an average annual increase of 14 per cent. Other commercial services show more volatile growth, ranging from negative growth in 2001 (-10 per cent) to very strong growth of almost 29 per cent in 2006. Travel remains the most important revenue source in terms of trade in commercial services (51 per cent of total trade), advancing by an annual average of 13 per cent between 2000 and 2006. For many small developing islands, such as Comoros or the Maldives, the share of travel in total exports of commercial services ranges from 80 to over 90 per cent. Chart I.9 (Million dollars) 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Commercial services exports by LDCs, 2000-2006 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Transport Travel Other commercial services 5
WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS I Trade in services The international supply of services is rapidly increasing In 2007 the value of trade in commercial services increased at a faster rate (18 per cent) than trade in goods (15 per cent) for the first time in five years. This was mainly due to the expanding international supply of many services and to the increase in transportation prices. While the services sector generates approximately two-thirds of the total world value added, its share in total trade remains below 19 per cent. In 2007, the major exporters of commercial services remained the European Union, the United States, Japan, China and India, which together represented just under two-thirds of world exports. In recent years, China and India’s exports of commercial services have increased much faster than the world average. Chart I.10 (Percentage) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 India* WORLD Leading exporters of commercial services, growth 2000-2007 China Japan European Union (27) United States * Growth of India for 2004-05 is partly affected by a break in series following an improved coverage of other business services exports. Chart I.11 (Percentage) 24% 3% 3% 2% 3% 15% Europe North America S & C America Total commercial services trade, 2007 48% CIS Africa Extra-EU (27) trade 19% Other Europe 4% Intra-EU (27) trade 27% Middle East Asia Trade in commercial services in 2007 was highly concentrated in North America, Asia and Europe (representing 15, 29 and 50 per cent respectively of total commercial services trade). Trade within the European Union represented more than one-quarter of world trade. However, the market share of these regions has either stagnated or decreased (in the case of North America) in recent years, while other regions – principally the CIS, Africa and the Middle East – have increased their share. Although it has the smallest share in terms of world trade (2.5 per cent), the CIS has seen its share increase by 75 per cent since 2000. This is mainly due to trade of Russia and Ukraine and also imports of Kazakhstan, which has become the second-largest commercial services importer in the CIS after Russia. Suppliers of services sometimes decide to establish a commercial presence (an affiliate or a branch) in another country to supply particular services (this mode of delivering services through affi liates is not included in international trade fl ows measured by a country’s balance of payments). Foreign direct investment in enterprises active in the services sector indicates that at least 50-55 per cent of total foreign direct investments are made in this sector. Available information shows that in 2005 the use of foreign affi liates remained the dominant mode used by major exporters to supply services abroad. For instance, Canada and the United States registered high growth rates of their sales of services by their majority-owned foreign affi liates (excluding most financial intermediation services) between 2003 and 2005 (10 and 12 per cent average annual growth rate respectively). Chart I.12 (Billion dollars) 362 653 United States International sales of services through conventional trade and through foreign affiliates, Canada and United States, 2005 54 Canada Exports of commercial services Sales of services through affiliates 85 6
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Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This publication h
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Table II.19 Imports of food of sele
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Table II.21 Exports of food of sele
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3. Fuels and mining products Table
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Table II.25 Imports of fuels of sel
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Table II.27 Imports of fuels of sel
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Table II.29 Trade in manufactures o
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Table II.30 (continued) Imports of
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Table II.32 Exports of manufactures
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4.1. Iron and steel Table II.34 Exp
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Table II.36 Leading exporters and i
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4.3. Office and telecom equipment T
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Table II.43 Exports of office and t
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4.3.1. EDP equipment Table II.45 Im
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Table II.48 Imports of EDP and offi
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Table II.51 Exports of telecommunic
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4.3.3. Integrated circuits and elec
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Table II.56 Imports of integrated c
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Table II.58 Imports of automotive p
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Table II.61 Imports of automotive p
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Table II.63 Textile imports of sele
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Table II.63 (continued) Textile imp
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Table II.65 Textile exports of sele
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4.6. Clothing Table II.67 Clothing
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Table II.68 (continued) Clothing im
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Table II.70 Clothing exports of sel
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III. III. TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVI
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Construction Building infrastructur
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per cent), legal, accounting, manag
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1. Overview Table III.1 World trade
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Table III.4 Leading exporters and i
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Table III.5 (continued) Trade in tr
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Table III.7 Leading exporters and i
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Table III.8 (continued) Trade in tr
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4. Other commercial services Table
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Table III.11 Trade in other commerc
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4.1. Communications services Table
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4.2. Construction Table III.16 Worl
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4.3. Insurance services Table III.1
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4.4. Financial services Table III.2
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4.5. Computer and information servi
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4.5.1 Computer services Table III.2
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Table III.32 Receipts of royalties
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Table III.35 Exports of other busin
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4.8. Personal, cultural and recreat
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4.8.1 Audiovisual services Table II
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IV. METADATA This chapter details t
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Table IV.1 (continued) Composition
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2. Definitions and methodology 2.1
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Table IV.2 (continued) Products 85
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2.2.1 Trade in commercial services
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2.2.2 Foreign affiliates trade in s
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3. Specific notes for selected econ
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4. Statistical sources Most frequen
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Appendix Table A1 World merchandise
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APPENDIX 175
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Table A2 (continued) Network of wor
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Table A4 Merchandise trade by selec
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Table A6 World merchandise exports
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Table A6 (continued) World merchand
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Table A7 World merchandise imports
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Table A7 (continued) World merchand
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Table A8 World exports of commercia
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Table A8 (continued) World exports
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Table A9 (continued) World imports
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APPENDIX 195
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Table A10 (continued) Network of wo
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Table A12 Merchandise trade by regi
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Table A14 Merchandise trade by regi
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Table A16 Merchandise trade of Euro
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APPENDIX 209
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Table A18 (continued) Merchandise t
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Table A24 (continued) Domestic expo
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Table A30 Export prices of Germany,
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World maps Map 1 Composition of geo
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Map 3 Ratio of exports and imports
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Notes ………………………
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