The ecology of Pacific Northwest coastal sand dunes

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Table 9, lnvertehrste sninal s of the Paci f i c Florthwest coast dunes. (Adapted frov SShelford 1?63.) Hzbi tat Invertchrates Fieador-/!Grass1 and On sand: -- Ant (Fornica Iasioides) (These 3 species Ant (m - cncsccns 1 counted at Spider, 7 rrma ture, sm?ol ored 60 per m2) Coast tiger beet7 e (Ci ci ndel a be1 1 i ssima) - Smal l numbers Scarabacid beet1 e (Polyphyl la deciml ineata) - Dug fron sand On grasses: - Pelyids Beetles Shrub Thicict In and under vegetation: Tenebrioni d beetle (Cocl us cif iatusf Tenchrr'onid beetle (-ST Ant (Fornica Ant (m CI ick- G e §pi dcrs, three types In and on fallen tree trunks: Ant f Formica fusca neoruf i barbi s ) fuSca sub? t enescens Ant I sansabeanus vici nus) Te rr;i i IQDS~S anaust-EZlTZ) Ant r m In undergrowth: Click beetle (Ctenicera bonbyci nus) Click beetle ( f Robber f 7 y Neuropteron (Aqull -- a)
Table 10 lists the dune habitats and shows their relationship to dune forms, plant communities, and other classification systems. In the following discussions, a few characteristic animals are 1 is ted for each habitat. Appendix I V lists the vertebrate animals that are known to occur (based on observation) in each of these habitats. Open Dunes Unvegetated sand plains, blowouts, transverse ridges, and oblique dunes are all areas that provide 1 idtle or no cover for wildlife. Many animals, from large mammals to insects, cross these areas, It is not uncommon, for example, to see a rough-skinned newt slowly making its way across a wide stretch of sand. Otherwise little apparent use is made of them. One exception is the use of the sand at the windward base of the foredune, especially at the ends of sand spits, by the Snowy Plover for nesting habitat. Another kind of use, easily observed in sumr, is the Feeding by swallows above the open dunes. It is also becoming apparent that there my be invertebrate animals that make extensive use of open sand areas {Figure 40). Gordon (1983) lists 43 species of bees inhabi ti ng undisturbed dune ecosystems, many utilizing open dune areas (Figure 41; Table 11 ). Some of these may be restricted ta this habitat. No known work of a similar nature has been carried out on the Oregon and Washington dunes. The open dune habiwt is potentially a critical and endangered one. European beachgrass, by its rapid spread, is reducing the area of open dunes; while the disturbance of offroad vehicle activity can make habitation or use of these areas by animal s difficult or impossible, Figure 40. Insect tracks and burrows on open sand. Patterns such as this tend to be concentrated around plants such as the beach evening primrose in this photograph. North spit, Humboldt Bay, Locality 33. June, 1983. Figure 41. Area of bee burrows on open sand. Lanphere-Christensen Dunes Preserve, Humbol dt Bay, Local - ity 33, June, 1983.
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FWS/OBS-84/04 March 1984 THE ECOLOG
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PREFACE It was just twenty years ag
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CONTENTS Page PREFACE .............
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Number 20b Page Sand hummock formed
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TABLES Number Page 1 Average annual
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ciation of a traditional approach t
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CHAPTER ONE Sand dunes--the very wo
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ut this failed. Scientific and tech
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Towns and cities are located along
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and rivers flowing from the surroun
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. Average annual , July, and
Page 25 and 26: These fogs usually dissipate later
Page 27 and 28: Figure 6. Ocean currents alcag the
Page 29 and 30: PRECIPITATION 1 Figure 9. Cross sec
Page 31 and 32: Table 3. Chemical analysis of beach
Page 33 and 34: wind. Stabil i zati on requires the
Page 35 and 36: Table 6. Formative elements, charac
Page 37 and 38: Figure 10. Transverse ridge zone. T
Page 40 and 41: transport by all winds blowing from
Page 42 and 43: Pa, -In w u ~ r >mcZ)o WP- a*- w a
Page 44 and 45: L i Q j 4 a, a>.@ 60 L - S C F w t4
Page 46 and 47: Figure 20a. Sand hummocks fomd by E
Page 48 and 49: erosion. Such places are called def
Page 50 and 51: Figure 24. Ephemeral dune pond. The
Page 52 and 53: north-central part of the region; a
Page 54 and 55: ear7 i er dunes are present. A fore
Page 57 and 58: silt, clay, and organic materials i
Page 59 and 60: Figure 30. Buried soil profiles on
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER FIVE BIOTA FLORA The vascul
Page 65 and 66: Figure 32. Ye1 low sandverbena. Lea
Page 67 and 68: Flgure 36. Red fescue--dune go1 den
Page 69 and 70: spp.) can occasionally be found in
Page 71 and 72: In general there are no successiona
Page 73: adaptive behavior of the common dee
Page 77 and 78: Table 11. Bee species found by Gord
Page 79 and 80: Tundra Swans use this habitat exten
Page 81 and 82: sand dunes. Small settlements are f
Page 83 and 84: In 1935 work began on the 1,200 tow
Page 85 and 86: Some of the finest examples of nati
Page 87 and 88: that has been planted on 80,000 ha
Page 89 and 90: state game departments, nati we pla
Page 92 and 93: Table 13. Habitat or potential habi
Page 94 and 95: Figure 51. Pink sandverbena. Slende
Page 96 and 97: CIeJVflar * 'r- m .r .r c 3 uc,+ Or
Page 98 and 99: In other p1 aces, accreti an is a p
Page 100 and 101: Coleman, J .Me, and W .G. Srvith. 1
Page 102 and 103: Komar, P.D. 1973. Physical processe
Page 104 and 105: Congress. Senate. Commi ttee on Int
Page 106 and 107: Locality number Location Dune form(
Page 108 and 109: Local i ty number Location Dune for
Page 110 and 111: Local i ty number Location Dune for
Page 112 and 113: APPENDIX B B DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIF
Page 114 and 115: Lookout. Shortly after the descent
Page 116 and 117: position in the grass and ORV activ
Page 118 and 119: FOREST TRAIL TRANSVERSE RIDGE OBLIQ
Page 120 and 121: prived of blowing sand. The hummock
Page 122 and 123: - -- Standard name English name Pla
Page 124 and 125:
Standard name Engl i sh name Plant
Page 126 and 127:
Standard name Englf sh name Plant c
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APPENDIX IV LIST OF VERTEBRATE ANIM
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English name (Standard name) Kabi t
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Engl i sh name (Standard name ) Hab
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English name (Standard name 1 Habit
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English name (Standard name) Habita
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English name (Standard name ) Habit
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English name (Standard name 1 Habit
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Habitats BE - Beach MA - Marsh ST -
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The ecology of Pacific Northwest coastal sand dunes

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