Draft Guidelines for the Reuse of Greywater in Western Australia

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1.2 Household Water Usage Volumes The average house (based on 3.3 persons per house) uses 337 kilolitres of water per year or approximately 1000 litres each day. This amount will vary according to the water use practises of the household and the various percentages are shown in figure 1.2. Figure 1.2: Household Water Usage Source: Water Corporation (2002) 1.3 Composition of Household Greywater Table 1.3(a) documents the microbiological quality (ie the number of thermotolerant coliforms) of greywater from various sources in a residential dwelling. Thermotolerant coliforms are also known as faecal coliforms (expressed as colony forming units per 100ml) and are a type of micro-organism which typically grow in the intestine of warm blooded animals (including humans) and are shed in their millions to billions per gram of faeces. A high faecal coliform count is undesirable and indicates a greater chance of human illness and infections developing through contact with the wastewater. It is useful to bear in mind while reading the following table that typical levels of thermotolerant coliforms found in raw sewage are in the order of 10 6 to 10 8 cfu/100ml and from 10 6 to 10 10 cfu/100ml in septic tank effluent (ie 10 6 to 10 8 means 1,000,000 to 100,000,000). DRAFT Draft Guidelines for the Reuse of Greywater in Western Australia 3
Table 1.3(a): Faecal Coliform Numbers in Greywater prior to storage DRAFT SOURCE Bathing/Shower Laundry Wash Water Laundry Rinse Water Kitchen Combined Greywater Rose et. al. (1991) 6 x 10 3 cfu 126 cfu 25 cfu 6 to 80 cfu A 1.5 x 10 3 cfu B 1.8 x 10 5 to 8 x 10 6 cfu FAECAL COLIFORMS(cfu)/100ML Calif. DHS (1990) 4 x 10 5 MPN 2 x 10 3 -10 7 MPN Brandes (1978) < 10 to 2 x 10 8 The chemical and physical quality of greywater compared with raw sewage is shown in Table 1.3 (b). The high variability of the greywater quality is due to factors such as source of water, water use efficiencies of appliances and fixtures, individual habits, products used (soaps, shampoos, detergents) and other site specific characteristics. Table 1.3(b): Typical Composition of Greywater compared with Raw Sewage Kapisak et.al (1992) 6 x 10 3 cfu 200 90 – 290
Page 2 and 3: Document released for public commen
Page 4 and 5: FOREWORD Western Australia is exper
Page 6 and 7: 1. INTRODUCTION Greywater is the wa
Page 10 and 11: 2. HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS T
Page 12 and 13: 3.4 Washing powders that contain so
Page 14 and 15: 4.7 The design of all sewer diversi
Page 16 and 17: 5. GREYWATER SYSTEM OPTIONS Greywat
Page 18 and 19: 6. GREYWATER IRRIGATION OPTIONS The
Page 20 and 21: 7. DESIGNING A GREYWATER SYSTEM 7.1
Page 22 and 23: 7.3.1 Sub Soil Trench Irrigation Sy
Page 24 and 25: 7.5 Materials All drip irrigation p
Page 26 and 27: - ensure that cuts, sores, open wou
Page 28 and 29: ● ● Details of the treatment an
Page 30 and 31: 10. DEFINITIONS Absorption - uptake
Page 32 and 33: 12. REFERENCES Christova-Boal D, Le
Page 34 and 35: APPENDIX 1 - GUIDELINES FOR MANUALL
Page 36 and 37: APPENDIX 2 - EXAMPLE GREYWATER CALC
Page 38 and 39: APPENDIX 4 - SECONDARY TREATMENT SY
Page 40 and 41: Figure 5.2 Evapo-transpiration-abso
Page 42 and 43: Figure 5.6 Typical layout of sub-su

Draft Guidelines for the Reuse of Greywater in Western Australia

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