Cracking the Coding Interview, 4 Edition - 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions

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Solutions to Chapter 17 | Networking »» Startup. When a router is turned on it sends Hello packets to all of its neighbors, receives their Hello packets in return, and establishes routing connections by synchronizing databases with adjacent routers that agree to synchronize. »» Update. At regular intervals each router sends an update message called its “link state” describing its routing database to all the other routers, so that all routers have the same description of the topology of the local network. »» Shortest path tree. Each router then calculates a mathematical data structure called a “shortest path tree” that describes the shortest path to each destination address and therefore indicates the closest router to send to for each communication; in other words -- “open shortest path first”. See http://www.livinginternet.com/i/iw_route_igp_ospf.htm. 2 5 1 Cracking the Coding Interview | Knowledge Based
Solutions to Chapter 17 | Networking 17.3 Compare and contrast the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. SOLUTION pg 84 IPv4 and IPv6 are the internet protocols applied at the network layer. IPv4 is the most widely used protocol right now and IPv6 is the next generation protocol for internet. »» IPv4 is the fourth version of Internet protocol which uses 32 bit addressing whereas IPv6 is a next generation internet protocol which uses 128 bits addressing. »» IPv4 allows 4,294,967,296 unique addresses where as IPv6 can hold 340-undecillion (34, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000) unique IP addresses. »» IPv4 has different class types: A,B,C,D and E. Class A, Class B, and Class C are the three classes of addresses used on IP networks in common practice. Class D addresses are reserved for multicast. Class E addresses are simply reserved, meaning they should not be used on IP networks (used on a limited basis by some research organizations for experimental purposes). »» IPv6 addresses are broadly classified into three categories: 1. Unicast addresses: A Unicast address acts as an identifier for a single interface. An IPv6 packet sent to a Unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by that address. 2. Multicast addresses: A Multicast address acts as an identifier for a group / set of interfaces that may belong to the different nodes. An IPv6 packet delivered to a multicast address is delivered to the multiple interfaces. 3. Anycast addresses: Anycast addresses act as identifiers for a set of interfaces that may belong to the different nodes. An IPv6 packet destined for an Anycast address is delivered to one of the interfaces identified by the address. »» IPv4 address notation: 239.255.255.255, 255.255.255.0 »» IPv6 addresses are denoted by eight groups of hexadecimal quartets separated by colons in between them. »» An example of a valid IPv6 address: 2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652 Because of the increase in the population, there is a need of Ipv6 protocol which can provide solution for: 1. Increased address space 2. More efficient routing 3. Reduced management requirement CareerCup.com 2 5 2
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CRACKING THE FOURTH EDITION C O D I
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Table of Contents Chapter 7 | Objec
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Introduction Something’s Wrong We
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Behind the Scenes For many candidat
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Behind the Scenes | The Amazon Inte
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Behind the Scenes | The Apple Inter
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Interview War Stories The View from
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Interview War Stories | Pop Divas P
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Interview War Stories | You Can (Ma
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Interview War Stories | Spider Sens
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Before the Interview | Resume Advic
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Before the Interview | Behavioral P
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Before the Interview | Technical Pr
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The Interview and Beyond
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At the Interview | Handling Behavio
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At the Interview | Handling Technic
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At the Interview | Five Algorithm A
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At the Interview | Five Algorithm A
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At the Interview | The Offer and Be
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At the Interview | Top Ten Mistakes
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At the Interview | Frequently Asked
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Interview Questions
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Chapter 1 | Arrays and Strings Hash
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Chapter 2 | Linked Lists How to App
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Chapter 3 | Stacks and Queues How t
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Chapter 4 | Trees and Graphs How to
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Part 2 Concepts and Algorithms
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Chapter 5 | Bit Manipulation 5.1 Yo
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Chapter 6 | Brain Teasers 6.1 Add a
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Chapter 7 | Object Oriented Design
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Chapter 8 | Recursion 8.1 Write a m
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Chapter 9 | Sorting and Searching 9
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Chapter 10 | Mathematical 10.1 You
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Chapter 11 | Testing 11.1 Find the
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Chapter 12 | System Design and Memo
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Chapter 13 | C++ How To Approach: A
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Chapter 14 | Java How to Approach:
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Chapter 15 | Databases How to Appro
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Chapter 16 | Low Level How to Appro
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Chapter 17 | Networking How to Appr
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Chapter 18 | Threads and Locks How
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Part 4 Additional Review Problems
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Chapter 19 | Moderate _____________
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Chapter 20 | Hard Input: DAMP, LIKE
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Solutions
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Solutions to Chapter 1 | Arrays and
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Solutions to Chapter 2 | Linked Lis
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Solutions to Chapter 3 | Stacks and
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Solutions to Chapter 4 | Trees and
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Solutions to Chapter 5 | Bit Manipu
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Solutions to Chapter 6 | Brain Teas
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Solutions to Chapter 7 | Object Ori
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Solutions to Chapter 8 | Recursion
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Solutions to Chapter 9 | Sorting an
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Solutions to Chapter 10 | Mathemati
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Solutions to Chapter 11 | System De
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Page 201 and 202: Solutions to Chapter 12 | Testing 1
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Page 217 and 218: Solutions to Chapter 14 | Java 14.2
Page 223 and 224: Solutions to Chapter 15 | Databases
Page 229 and 230: Solutions to Chapter 16 | Low Level
Page 241: Solutions to Chapter 17 | Networkin
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Page 249 and 250: Solutions to Chapter 18 | Threads a
Page 257 and 258: Solutions to Chapter 19 | Moderate
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Page 273 and 274: Solutions to Chapter 20 | Hard 20.3
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Page 287 and 288: Solutions to Chapter 20 | Hard Val_
Page 291 and 292: Index A arithmetic 108, 131, 143, 1
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Mock Interviews Mock Interviews Stu
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