Cracking the Coding Interview, 4 Edition - 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions

Solutions to Chapter 1 | Arrays and Strings
1.1 Implement an algorithm to determine if a string has all unique characters. What if
you can not use additional data structures?
SOLUTION
pg 48
For simplicity, assume char set is ASCII (if not, we need to increase the storage size. The rest
of the logic would be the same). NOTE: This is a great thing to point out to your interviewer!
1 public static boolean isUniqueChars2(String str) {
2 boolean[] char_set = new boolean[256];
3 for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
4 int val = str.charAt(i);
5 if (char_set[val]) return false;
6 char_set[val] = true;
7 }
8 return true;
9 }
Time complexity is O(n), where n is the length of the string, and space complexity is O(n).
We can reduce our space usage a little bit by using a bit vector. We will assume, in the below
code, that the string is only lower case ‘a’ through ‘z’. This will allow us to use just a single int
1 public static boolean isUniqueChars(String str) {
2 int checker = 0;
3 for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
4 int val = str.charAt(i) - ‘a’;
5 if ((checker & (1 0) return false;
6 checker |= (1