<strong>Istanbul</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>2012</str<strong>on</strong>g> - Governing the Large Metropolis C*(*Q#,% ,"*% (*#J"C'+"''85% 0(8% ='$,% #=.'+,0(,/4%,'%.+'3#8*%*86&0,#'(%,'%&"#/8+*(% `$6&"%0$%&'=.6,*+%/#,*+0&4%&/0$$*$a: /'0+('G#(6:#6$-05$B661#6 !"*% +*('30,#'(% .+'c*&,% &+*0,*8% 0% /',% ')% ,*($#'($%0(8%#$$6*$%0+'6(8%,"*%(0,6+*%')%,"*% +*('30,#'($% 0(8% ,"*% 904% ,"*4% 9*+*% &'(86&,*85% +*3*0/#(J% $,0-*$% 6+C0(% J'3*+(0(&*%#$%)0&#(J%#(%N$,0(C6/: ?'8*+(%3$:%!+08#,#'( P(*% ')% ,"*% ='$,% &'(,+'3*+$#0/% #$$6*$% 90$% 9"*+*% ,"*% +*('30,#'($O% .+#'+#,4% "08% ,'% C*% ./0&*8_% 0&,60/% /#3*$% ')% +*0/% #("0C#,0(,$% ,"0,% *=."0$#]*%='8*+(%)0&#/#,#*$% ')%,"*% C6#/8#(J% '+% "#$,'+#&0/n0(,"+'.'/'J#&0/% 30/6*$% ,"0,% 6(8*+/#(*% ,+08#,#'(0/% )*0,6+*$% ')% ,"*% C6#/8#(Jo% D'=*% ')% ,"*% 0&,60/% #("0C#,0(,$5% ='$,/4% +*(,*+$5% /*0(*8% ='+*% ,'90+8$% #=.+'3#(J% % )0&#/#,#*$% 0(8%#($,0//#(J% ='8*+(% &'(3*(#*(&*$:% T/$'5% '(/4% ,"*% C6#/8#(J$% ,"0,% &'(,0#(*8% /'&0/% #8*(,#,4% `#:*:% ,+08#,#'(0/% )*0,6+*$a% 9*+*% .+*$*+3*8% 0(8% ,"*% ',"*+5% &'=.0+0C/4% ='8*+(% C6#/8#(J$% 9#,"'6,% 0(4% "#$,'+#&0/%30/6*$%9*+*%,'+(%8'9(V%,"*4%9*+*% +*./0&*8%C4%;"#$,'+#&0/#&,6+*%g_%q%G3#=*%I'-6(%?0r%p%s%.'$,*+%'(% ,"*% 4*//'9% C6#/8#(J% &/*0+/4% $"'9$% ,"*% &#,#]*($O% +*$#$,0(&*% 0J0#($,% ,"*% J'3*+(=*(,% /*8%+*$,'+0,#'(%.+'c*&,:%% P(% ,"*% ',"*+% "0(85% $'=*% .*'./*% )+'=% ,"*% 0+*0%9*+*% ,+4#(J% ,'% ='C#/#]*% ,"*=$*/3*$% ,'% &'(,+#C6,*% ,'% ,"*#+% (*#J"C'+"''8:% ?'(*4% +0#$*8% C4% 0% &'==6(#,4% )'6(80,#'(% #(% ,"*% 0+*0% )'+% #($,0(&*% #$% $.*(,% #(% ,"*% $0=*% 32
<strong>Istanbul</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>2012</str<strong>on</strong>g> - Governing the Large Metropolis (*#J"C'+"''8% C4% #,$% =*=C*+$% #(% '+8*+% ,'% #=.+'3*%#,$%$'&#'7*&'('=#&%$,0,6$:% N(&+*0$#(J%30/6*%')%,"*%0+*0 N(% 0(% 0,,*=.,% ,'% .+*3*(,% $.*&6/0,#3*% #(3*$,=*(,$% '+% J*(,+#Q#&0,#'(5% 0$% .+*3#'6$/4% =*(,#'(*8% 0C'3*5% ,"*% '9(*+$% ')% ,"*% +*('30,*8% C6#/8#(J$% 0+*% (',% 0//'9*8% ,'% $*//% ,"*#+% .+'.*+,#*$% )'+% Q#3*% 4*0+$:% Y'9*3*+5% (',"#(J% "0$% C**(% 8'(*% ,'% +*$,+0#(% .',*(,#0//4% +#$#(J% +*(,$% 0$% ,"*% +*('30,#'(% .+'c*&,$%')%,"#$%0+*0%#(&+*0$*%,"*%.+'.*+,#*$O% 30/6*$V% 0$% 0% +*$6/,5% ='$,% ')% ,"*% +*('30,#'(% .+'c*&,$% C*(*Q#,*8% ,"*% '9(*+$% ')% ,"*% +*('30,*8%C6#/8#(J$5%9"*+*0$%,"*%hM7WMt%')% ,"*% +*(,*+$% `#:*:% 0&,60/% #("0C#,0(,$a% 9'6/8% )0&*% ,"*% +#$#(J% +*(,$% 9"#&"%9*+*% (',% C*#(J% &'(,+'//*8% C4% ,"*% #($,#,6,#'($% `0&&'+8#(J% ,'% ,"*%+*$*0+&"*+%?+$:%u]-6/a: GR&*$$#3*% .'9*+% ')% ,"*% !6+-#$"% $,0,*% J'3*+(=*(, T%&*(,+0/%#$$6*%')%,"*%+*('30,#'(%.+'c*&,%90$% ,"*%0//'&0,#'(%')%06,"'+#,45%9"#&"%90$%=0#(/4% 8'(*% C4% ,"*% !6+-#$"% $,0,*% J'3*+(=*(,:% N,% 8**8%9"#&"% 0+*0% ,'% +*('30,*5% 0(8%9"#&"% .+#30,*% 0J*(&#*$% 9'6/8% ,0-*% '3*+% ,"*% #(8#3#860/% &0$*$:% d6+,"*+='+*5% ,"*% $,0,*% J'3*+(=*(,% -*.,% =0-#(J% (*9% /*J#$/0,#'(% ,"0,% &"0(J*8% 06,"'+#,4% 0//'&0,#'(% 0(8% &'=./#&0,*8% ,"*% 08=#(#$,+0,#3*% 0(8% +*$.'($#C#/#,4% #$$6*$% /#(-*8% ,'% ,"*% .+'c*&,:% d'+% *R0=./*5% gMt% ')%,"*% +*('30,#'($% 9*+*% #(#,#0//4% ,"*% +*$.'($#C#/#,4% ')% ,"*% d0,#"% =6(#&#.0/#,4%0$%0%.0+,%')%0%(0,#'(0/% /09% ,"0,% 8*0/$% 9#,"% +*('30,#'($% ')% "#$,'+#&0/% (*#J"C'+"''8$:%Y'9*3*+5%0%(*9%(0,#'(0/%/09% (6//#Q#*8% ,"*% 8#$,+#&,% ./0($% ')% d0,#"% 0(8% ,"*% 8#$,+#&,%=6(#&#.0/#,4%"08%,'%+*8'%,"*%./0($%#(% 0&&'+80(&*%,'%,"*%(*9%+6/*$%0(8%+*J6/0,#'($:% T/='$,% *3*+4,"#(J% #$% C*#(J% =0(0J*8% 0(8% &'(,+'//*8%C4%,"*%$,0,*%J'3*+(=*(,_%,"*%/'&0/% =6(#&#.0/#,4%C0+*/4%"0$%0(4%+#J",$%0(8%&'6/8% (',% $#J(% 0(4% 8'&6=*(,% '(% #,$% '9(:% N,$% *R&*$$#3*% .'9*+% 0(8% ,"*% /0&-% ')% ,+0($.0+*(&4%&+*0,*8%#$$6*$%/#-*%,"*%8*/04%')% ,"*% +*('30,#'(5% 0$% ,"*% .+'c*&,% "08% C**(% J'#(J% '(% )'+% (*0+/4% ,*(%4*0+$% `KLL^7gMMWa5% 6(+*0&"*8% 'Cc*&,#3*$% `9"#&"% 0&&'+8#(J% ,'% '6+%J6#8*%?+$% \0v0-% I*=#+*$%P]-6/%=04%C*% *R./0#(*8% C4% 8#$0..*0+0(&*% ')% )6(8$a5% 0$% #(#,#0//4%[MM%C6#/8#(J$%9*+*%&'(&*+(*8%9"#/*% '(/4% gMM%C6#/8#(J$% 0+*%('9% #(&/68*8%#(% ,"*% .+'c*&,5% 0(8% S6*$,#'($% #(% ,"*% 8*&#$#'(% =0-#(J% .+'&*$$*$% $6&"% 0$% "'9% ,"*% J'3*+(=*(,% &"'$*% ,"*% C6#/8#(J$% '+% 9"'% 6(8*+,''-% ,"*% .+'c*&,% "#J"/#J",$% ,"*% .+'C/*=$%')%,"*%='('.'/#]0,#'(%')%06,"'+#,4: TC0(8'(*8% C6#/8#(J$_% Z"*+*% 0+*% ,"*% '9(*+$o m0&0(,% 0(8% 0C0(8'(*8% C6#/8#(J$% #(% .''+% &'(8#,#'(%$,0(8%#(%d*(*+7\0/0,%0$%0%+*$6/,%')% ,"*% =#J+0,#'(%'6,% ')% !6+-*4% ')%,"*%'+#J#(0/% '9(*+$% `@+**-$5% T+=*(#0($5% 0(8%U*9$a%9"'% /*),% 9#,"'6,% $*//#(J% ,"*#+% .+'.*+,#*$:% !"*$*% C6#/8#(J$% $,#//% C*/'(J%,'%,"*$*%.*'./*%9"'=% ,"*%J'3*+(=*(,%&0((',% ,+0&*:% !"#$% 90$% 0(8% $,#//% #$% 0% C#J% #$$6*% 0$% ,"*% 8#))*+*(,% 0&,'+$% #(3'/3*8% &0((',% ,'6&"% ('+% +*('30,*% ,"*$*% C6#/8#(J$:% d#(0//45% #,% #$% 0/$'% 0% $*($#,#3*% 8#./'=0,#&% #$$6*% &'($#8*+#(J% ,"*% ,#*$% C*,9**(% !6+-*4% 0(8% T+=*(#05% 9"#&"% .+*3*(,% ,"*% J'3*+(=*(,% )+'=% $*#]#(J% ,"*% C6#/8#(J$: /'09&16:'0 !"*% J6#8*8% ,'6+% #(% d*(*+7\0/0,% +*3*0/*8% $'=*% -*4% J'3*+(0(&*% #$$6*$% #(% N$,0(C6/:% N,% (',0C/4% $"'9&0$*$% "'9% ,"*% =6/,#./#&#,4% ')% 0&,'+$% #(3'/3*8%#(% $6&"%0%.+'c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c*&,5%'(*%&0(%'C$*+3*% ,"*% $,0,*% J'3*+(=*(,w$% 8#+*&,% #(3'/3*=*(,% 0(8% $,+'(J% #(,*+*$,% #(% .+*$*+3#(J% "#$,'+#&0/% &"0+0&,*+#$,#&$% ')% ,"*% 0+*0:% N(% ,"#$% +*$.*&,5% ,"#$%&'6/8%C*%&'($#8*+*8%0$%0(',"*+%*R0=./*% ,"0,% #=./#*$% ,"*% .+'C/*=0,#&% #=C0/0(&*% ')% .'9*+%#(%J'3*+(#(J%N$,0(C6/: 0$'1%,)"*+5%/%6789'%:$8 33