Alberta Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan 2008-2013 - Alberta Sustainable ...

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Percent of total mortality 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Avg. Males Females Year Figure 3. Percentage by sex of total known mortality (including hunting), 1990 – 2007. The number of grizzly bear deaths from licensed hunting has remained relatively stable since regulatory changes in 1990 (Figure 4). This does not necessarily mean that the rate of licensed hunting mortalities has remained constant. If the number of grizzly bear deaths due to licensed hunting remains steady while the population changes, the rate of licensed hunting mortality will also change. Number of mortalities 25 20 15 10 5 0 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Year Figure 4. Total mortality from regulated harvest*, 1990-2007. * Regulated harvest suspended in 2006. B) First Nations Hunting Grizzly bears killed by First Nations accounted for 6.0% of known bear mortalities between 1990-2007, through hunting, self-defence, and problem bear management. Because there is no legal requirement for First Nations to report grizzly bear mortalities, this likely under-represents the actual value. ***** [ERRATUM: The Recovery Team’s assessment of legal reporting requirements is not correct. Mandatory reporting of grizzly bear kills applies to everyone.]****** There is also regional variation; for example, between 1993 and 2002, in the Bow River Watershed, First Nations accounted for 20.5% of known mortality (Gibeau and 10
Stevens 2003), which is above the provincial average of 4.5%. Grizzly bear kills by First Nations can be a significant mortality factor in some areas. 3.1.2 Unregulated Mortality Since 1990, the number of mortalities from unregulated causes (illegal kills, self-defence, problem wildlife, vehicle/train collisions and other) has been roughly stable, with a peak between 1999 and 2003. Number of mortalities 25 20 15 10 5 0 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Year Figure 5. Total known unregulated mortality, 1990-2007. A. Illegal Kills Grizzly bears killed illegally (i.e., poaching) accounted for the greatest percentage of known and estimated unregulated mortalities (1990-2007, Figure 2). This figure underestimates the actual percentage of illegal kills because many of these deaths go unreported (McLellan et al 1999). The highest rates of known illegal kills occurred during the fall ungulate hunting season (69% of total annual illegal kills occurred in September, October, and November combined, Figure 6). B. Self-Defence Grizzly bear deaths in which the rationale was self-defence from a perceived or real threat accounted for the second greatest percentage of known and estimated mortalities (1990 – 2007, Figure 2). The highest rates of self-defence killings occurred during the fall ungulate hunting season (73% of total annual self defence kills occurred in September, October and November combined, Figure 6). In the Bow River watershed between 1993 and 2002, all self-defence kills were attributed to ungulate hunters encountering grizzly bears (Gibeau and Stevens 2003). Both illegal and self-defence kills show a bi-modal annual pattern with peaks during the spring bear hunting season and the fall ungulate hunting season (Figure 6). Illegal and self-defence kills are the primary types of unregulated human-caused mortality. 11
Page 1 and 2: Alberta Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan
Page 3 and 4: Publication No.I/297: ISBN: 978-0-7
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE _________
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Current g
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2002, the Enda
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Species Status
Page 13 and 14: ultimately determine the concession
Page 15 and 16: and predation are the most common c
Page 17 and 18: 2.4 Population Size and Trends A re
Page 19: This analysis suggests that the Alb
Page 23 and 24: eing killed by resident male bears,
Page 25 and 26: individuals that can be supported i
Page 27 and 28: Region 1 Causes of conflict, mortal
Page 29 and 30: • In some areas of the province,
Page 31 and 32: these two objectives should be impl
Page 33 and 34: Notes on Open Route Density Process
Page 35 and 36: Measures of success: A. 10% decline
Page 37 and 38: conducive to high reproductive outp
Page 39 and 40: 6.4.1 Develop an education program
Page 41 and 42: 7.0 RECOVERY ACTIONS Administration
Page 43 and 44: ear dogs is used in grizzly respons
Page 45 and 46: 7.7 Improve and Apply Regulations a
Page 47 and 48: Process/Activity Inside Grizzly Bea
Page 49 and 50: 8.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND COS
Page 51 and 52: Item Recovery Action Initiation Tim
Page 53 and 54: • Accurate - achieve the degree o
Page 55 and 56: Yellowstone ecosystem 1959 - 1987.
Page 57 and 58: McLellan, B.N. and F. W. Hovey. 200
Page 59 and 60: Stenhouse, G., M. Boyce, J. Boulang
Page 61 and 62: Independent bear - Individual bear
Page 63 and 64: 4. Review the number and type of be
Page 65 and 66: Biologist will provide guidance and
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX 3 Example of Grizzly Bear
Page 69 and 70: Figure A3. Road density analysis su
Page 71 and 72:
APPENDIX 4 Current and proposed Bea
Page 73 and 74:
APPENDIX 6 Grizzly bear conflict an
Page 75 and 76:
APPENDIX 8 Summary of proposed OHV
Page 77 and 78:
APPENDIX 10 DNA Census Results 2004
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