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Discussing Women's Empowerment - Sida

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112<br />

CITIZENSHIP AND WOMEN IN MEXICO • DOMÍNGUEZ<br />

Participation is certainly linked to citizenship – participation in general,<br />

not only that traditionally linked to public affairs, to politics. Public<br />

responsibility and political participation are both needed to change a political<br />

culture considered highly undemocratic (even after the recent election results).<br />

Public responsibility is linked to the idea of a community project at<br />

both the local and national level. Citizenship is engagement and engagement<br />

is participation. But – as the non-participant group shows – it also<br />

requires information, interest, awareness, personal development and<br />

strong self-confidence. Is this a challenge these women are prepared to<br />

meet? As I noted in the beginning, this work should be regarded as one<br />

of the partial results of a research project that hopes to explore empirically,<br />

in two diverse contexts, a much debated notion that has lost its concrete<br />

meaning for many people, but which is the basic element for the<br />

construction of any real democracy, namely citizenship.<br />

References<br />

Alianza Civica/Observación 94. “La eleccciones presidenciales de agosto 1994: entre el escepticismo<br />

y la esperanza. Un informe sobre las condiciones previas”. Mexico, D.F. 19 de agosto de 1994.<br />

Alvarez Sonia, Dagnino Evelina and Escobar Arturo, 1998 “Introduction: the Cultural and the<br />

Political in Latin American Social Movements” in Alvarez Sonia, Dagnino Evelina and Escobar<br />

Arturo (Eds.), 1998 Cultures of Politics, Politics of culture, US: Westview Press.<br />

Ciudadanas en Movimiento por la Democracia (1996). Cuaderno de trabajo 1995 y primer<br />

trimestre de 1996. Publ. by CMD, México, D.F.<br />

Castro Ines (1998) Mujeres zapatistas en búsca de la ciudadanía. In Anales, Nueva Época, no. 1,<br />

1998, pp.179-203. Instituto Iberoamericano, University of Gothenburg.<br />

Cid: see Interviews below.<br />

Dahlstedt M (1999) Politisk deltagande och icke deltagande. Umeå: Serie: Partnerskap för<br />

Multietnisk Integration PfMI.<br />

Dietz M. (1985) Citizenship with a feminist face, the Problem with Maternal Thinking. In Political<br />

Theory, Feb. 1985.<br />

Domínguez Edmé, R., Castro A. (1998) Women’s urban and rural movements. Towards a new<br />

type of citizenship and political culture in Mexico today. In Ma Clara Medina (ed.) América Latina y<br />

las Mujeres que? Serie Haina I, Instituto Iberoamericano, University of Gothenburg

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