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Lifestyles and cancer prevention section 2 • 1 out of 10 cases of cancer in men and 1 out of 33 cases in women are the result of alcohol consumption; • 10% of all oral cavity, pharyngeal, laryngeal, esophageal, colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancers reported among males and 3% of all those reported among females are alcohol related; • 32% of alcohol related cancers in men and 7% in women were attributable to alcohol consumption of more than 24 grams per day for men and 12 grams per day for women; • the economic impact is also remarkable: costs related to alcohol consumption in medium and high income countries account for over 1% of GDP. EUROPEAN POLICIES TO REDUCE THE HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL In 1979, the World Health Assembly called upon WHO member states to develop and adopt appropriate legislation and measures to tackle alcohol misuse (WHO, 1979). Such efforts culminated with the endorsement, in 2010, of the global strategy on the harmful use of alcohol that supports ten target areas for national actions including: • health sector response; • community actions; • drink-driving policies; • limitation of the availability of alcohol; • marketing restrictions and price policies; • reducing the negative consequences of intoxication; • reducing the public health effect of illegally and informally produced alcohol; • monitoring and surveillance of the impacts of the above policies. 16
Alcohol section 2 Policy makers and researchers alike agree that tackling harmful drinking requires a range of policies from the different areas identified in the Global Strategy. In 1992, the European Region was the first WHO region to adopt a plan to reduce the use of alcohol and, despite a large number of initiatives, more remains to be done. In 2009, 4 out of 10 countries had no written national policy on alcohol: • 6 out of 10 countries had produced monitoring reports but on a range of non-standardized indicators; • in one third of member states alcohol may be sold to adolescents under the age of 18. The price of alcohol has remained the same or has decreased in over half of the countries in the last five years (European status report on alcohol and health, 2010. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe). In 2011, 53 Member states of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe approved a new action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The plan is closely linked to the Action Plan for implementation of the European Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases and it is based on the following 5 main objectives: • raise awareness of the magnitude and nature of the health, social and economic burdens of the harmful use of alcohol; • strengthen and disseminate the knowledge base; • enhance the capacity to manage and treat alcohol use disorders; • increase mobilization of resources required for concerted action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol; • improve systems for monitoring and surveillance. <strong>17</strong>
Page 1: Istituto Superiore di Sanità LIFES
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Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Live longer but live bette
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Page 19: Section 2. ALCOHOL
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Page 33 and 34: Tobacco section 3 All EU countries
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