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2011 ACPE Update - Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education

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<strong>Accreditation</strong> <strong>Council</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

<strong>Education</strong> (<strong>ACPE</strong>) <strong>Update</strong><br />

Peter H. Vlasses, PharmD, DSc (Hon), BCPS, FCCP<br />

Executive Director<br />

Dimitra V. Travlos, PharmD, BCPS<br />

Assistant Executive Director and<br />

Director, CPE Provider <strong>Accreditation</strong> Program<br />

ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting ▪ New Orleans, Louisiana<br />

December 5, <strong>2011</strong>


<strong>ACPE</strong> History<br />

• Founded in 1932 <strong>for</strong> accreditation of<br />

professional degree programs by:<br />

– National Association of Boards of <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

(NABP) (regulators)<br />

– American Association of Colleges of <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

(AACP) (educators)<br />

– American Pharmacists Association (APhA)<br />

(practitioners)


<strong>ACPE</strong> History<br />

• <strong>Accreditation</strong> of CE Providers added in 1975<br />

• <strong>Accreditation</strong> of Certificate Programs<br />

(1999 – 2008)<br />

• International Services Program added in <strong>2011</strong><br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> is an autonomous, independent, not<strong>for</strong>-profit<br />

agency with headquarters in<br />

Chicago, IL<br />

• New address: 135 S. LaSalle St., Suite 4100,<br />

Chicago, IL 60603


<strong>ACPE</strong> Board of Directors<br />

• Heidi M. Anderson, PhD<br />

(AACP, 2006–2012)<br />

(President)<br />

• Robert Beardsley, RPh, PhD<br />

(AACP, 2008–2014)<br />

(Vice President)<br />

• Michael A. Moné, RPh, JD<br />

(NABP, 2006–2012)<br />

(Secretary/Treasurer)<br />

• Barbara G. Burch, MS, EdD<br />

(ACE, 2010–2016)<br />

• Bruce Canaday, PharmD<br />

(APhA, 2010–2016)<br />

• Stephanie F. Gardner, PharmD, EdD<br />

(AACP, 2010–2016)<br />

• Dennis K. McAllister, RPh<br />

(NABP, 2010–2016)<br />

• Warren A. Narducci, PharmD<br />

(APhA, 2006–2012)<br />

• Anthony Provenzano, PharmD<br />

(APhA, <strong>2011</strong>–2014)<br />

• Donna S. Wall, PharmD<br />

(NABP, 2008–2014)


New Appointees –<br />

<strong>ACPE</strong> Board of Directors<br />

• Michael A. Moné, RPh, JD<br />

(reappointed by NABP, 2012–2018)<br />

• Victoria F. Roche, PhD<br />

(appointed by AACP, 2012–2018)<br />

• Timothy L. Tucker, PharmD<br />

(appointed by APhA, 2012–2018)


<strong>ACPE</strong> Executive Staff Members<br />

• Peter H. Vlasses, PharmD, BCPS<br />

Executive Director<br />

• Jeffrey W. Wadelin, PhD<br />

Assoc. Exec. Director and<br />

Director, Professional Degree<br />

Program <strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• Dimitra Travlos, PharmD, BCPS<br />

Assistant Exec. Director, and<br />

Director, CPE Provider<br />

<strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• Michael J. Rouse, BPharm<br />

(Hons), MPS<br />

Assistant Exec. Director,<br />

Professional Affairs and Director,<br />

International Services<br />

• J. Gregory Boyer, PhD<br />

Assistant Exec. Director and Assistant<br />

Director, Prof. Degree Program<br />

<strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• Jennifer Baumgartner, PharmD, BCPP<br />

Assistant Director, Continuing<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Education</strong> Provider<br />

<strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• Sharon L. Hudson<br />

Assistant Exec. Director, and Director,<br />

Operations and Human Resources


Discussion Overview<br />

• 2012 <strong>ACPE</strong> Stakeholder Conference<br />

• PharmD Program <strong>Accreditation</strong> <strong>Update</strong>s<br />

• CPE <strong>Update</strong>s<br />

• International Services Program<br />

• Issues of Quality, Quantity, and Expansion<br />

• Quality and Capacity in Experiential<br />

<strong>Education</strong>


<strong>ACPE</strong> ACTIVITIES UPDATE


S2007 Guidelines 2.0<br />

• Guidelines 2.0 are in effect<br />

– Changes posted on www.acpe-accredit.org<br />

– Site teams began evaluations in Fall <strong>2011</strong> cycle<br />

– Reflects <strong>ACPE</strong> Board of Directors policy<br />

decisions<br />

– 15 new “must” statements (many have<br />

previously been communicated)<br />

• Rubric v4.0 became effective July 1<br />

– Assessment & <strong>Accreditation</strong> Management<br />

System (AAMS) is updated with Rubric v4.0


S2007 Guidelines 2.0 Highlights<br />

• Added emphasis on:<br />

– Interprofessional education, service and research<br />

– Teaching methods to enhance learning<br />

– Fostering of post-graduate educational opportunities (i.e.,<br />

residencies, fellowships)<br />

– Simulation as a component of IPPEs<br />

– Mission driven program per<strong>for</strong>mance assessment<br />

– Student learning outcomes<br />

– Faculty scholarship and research<br />

• Integration of:<br />

– ASHP-<strong>ACPE</strong> Task Force on Entry-level Competencies<br />

– Pre-APPE Core Per<strong>for</strong>mance Domains/Abilities


Extension of Time Between Self-Studies<br />

• Beginning in January 2012, the time between selfstudies<br />

<strong>for</strong> comprehensive reviews of established<br />

programs shifts to eight-year intervals<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> will continue processes <strong>for</strong> interim<br />

monitoring of programs using data provided<br />

through AAMS and NABP and substantive<br />

change reporting by programs<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong>’s review process <strong>for</strong> new colleges and<br />

schools will remain unchanged


<strong>ACPE</strong> Stakeholder Conference<br />

September 12–14, 2012<br />

Atlanta, GA<br />

• Advancing Quality in <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Education</strong>:<br />

Charting <strong>Accreditation</strong>’s Future<br />

• Invitational consensus-seeking conference<br />

• In collaboration with a broad array of<br />

leaders in pharmacy, health care, and<br />

education


<strong>ACPE</strong> Stakeholder Conference<br />

Objectives<br />

• Examine competencies that are currently<br />

required of pharmacists and competencies<br />

that will be required in the future<br />

• Expand evidence-based practices in<br />

assessing the quality of educational<br />

programs<br />

• In<strong>for</strong>m standards, guidelines, and process<br />

quality improvement initiatives


<strong>ACPE</strong> Stakeholder Conference<br />

Invitees (n= +/-100)<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> Sponsors: APhA, AACP, NABP<br />

• JCPP and CCP member organizations<br />

• Deans and faculty with various expertise<br />

• Practitioners and regulators<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> Public Interest Panel members<br />

• Members of other health professions<br />

• Non-pharmacy academic experts


<strong>ACPE</strong> CPE UPDATE


Issues and <strong>Update</strong>s in CPE<br />

• CPE Commission<br />

• CPE Monitor<br />

• Joint <strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• Evolution to CPD


CPE Commission <strong>2011</strong><br />

• Mary-Anne Benedict, MSN, RN (VA New England Health Care System)<br />

• Stephen Caiola, MS (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong>)<br />

• Janet Cline, RPh (Creative <strong>Education</strong>al Concepts, Inc.)<br />

• Jeannine Dickerhofe, RPh (Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Colorado<br />

Department of <strong>Pharmacy</strong>)<br />

• Kristin Janke, PhD (University of Minnesota College of <strong>Pharmacy</strong>)<br />

• John Kirtley, PharmD (Arkansas State Board of <strong>Pharmacy</strong>)<br />

• Scott Meyers, RPh, MS, FASHP (Illinois <strong>Council</strong> of Health-System<br />

Pharmacists) (Chair)<br />

• Jennifer Moulton, RPh (Collaborative <strong>Education</strong> Institute) (Vice Chair)<br />

• Timothy Welty, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS (University of Kansas School of<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong>)<br />

• Carol Abel (Food Marketing Institute)<br />

• Warren Narducci, PharmD (<strong>ACPE</strong> Board Liaison)


What is CPE Monitor?<br />

A national, e-system currently under collaborative<br />

development by NABP and <strong>ACPE</strong> to store and<br />

authenticate data <strong>for</strong> completed CPE units <strong>for</strong> both<br />

pharmacists and pharmacy technicians<br />

• Provides a central repository <strong>for</strong> CPE in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

• Enables efficient verification of completion of CPE<br />

by State Boards of <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

• Designed to streamline the collection and reporting<br />

of continuing pharmacy education <strong>for</strong> pharmacists<br />

and technicians.


Essential Elements of<br />

the System<br />

• Pharmacist /technician obtains NABP eProfile ID<br />

• Provider collection of identifying in<strong>for</strong>mation and<br />

transmission of identifying in<strong>for</strong>mation and<br />

participation in<strong>for</strong>mation to <strong>ACPE</strong><br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> validation of identity and processing of<br />

in<strong>for</strong>mation and electronically <strong>for</strong>warding to NABP<br />

• NABP uploads in<strong>for</strong>mation to individual profiles<br />

• Access to in<strong>for</strong>mation by pharmacists, technicians,<br />

and state boards of pharmacy


Obtaining an eProfile ID<br />

• Over 94,000 pharmacists and 31,000<br />

pharmacy technicians have obtained<br />

eProfile IDs from NABP<br />

• To create eProfile ID<br />

– Go to: www.mycpemonitor.net<br />

– Secure registration <strong>for</strong>m<br />

• Encrypted <strong>for</strong> applicant protection<br />

and security


CPE Monitor Page


NABP Data<br />

Security Practices<br />

• Encrypted data collection pages<br />

• Encrypted in<strong>for</strong>mation in databases<br />

• Limits to in<strong>for</strong>mation by staff<br />

• Criminal background checks on all staff with access to<br />

sensitive in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

• Firewalls, electronic intrusion prevention and detection<br />

systems<br />

• Data movement monitoring and restrictions on certain<br />

types of data movements within and outside of NABP<br />

systems<br />

• External audits of system security and effectiveness


Timeline<br />

• March 10, <strong>2011</strong>: Pharmacists and pharmacy<br />

technicians can start to complete their e-profile at:<br />

www.MyCPEMonitor.net<br />

• Following registration an e-mail will be sent with NABP e-ID<br />

• Beginning March <strong>2011</strong><br />

• Providers will transitioning their systems to accommodate<br />

the additional two fields (NABP e-ID, MMDD)<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> will pilot the program<br />

• 2012: System implemented by all providers*<br />

• All pharmacists must be registered to receive CPE credit<br />

* Timeline established based on the pilot program; full<br />

implementation deadline no later than December 31, 2012


Questions on CPE Monitor<br />

• Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians call<br />

NABP Customer Service at 847-391-4406<br />

– For questions related to NABP e-Profile creation and<br />

maintenance; reporting process to boards of<br />

pharmacy<br />

– Hours: Monday-Friday, 8:30AM – 5PM CT<br />

• CPE providers contact <strong>ACPE</strong> either by email at<br />

cpemonitor@acpe-accredit.org or phone: 312-<br />

664-3575<br />

– For questions related to provider participation and<br />

procedures<br />

– Hours: Monday-Friday 9:00AM – 4:30PM CT


A Continuing Professional Development Cycle<br />

Previously “ACT”


CPD: Bridging the Classroom and the<br />

Workplace<br />

“The new vision <strong>for</strong> continuing education will be based on an approach<br />

called continuing professional development (CPD), in which learning takes<br />

place over a lifetime and stretches beyond the classroom to the point of<br />

care.” Institute of Medicine, December 2009


CPD: Bridging the Classroom and<br />

the Workplace<br />

or “ACT”


<strong>ACPE</strong> CPD Task<strong>for</strong>ce<br />

• Survey of members and staff of state boards<br />

• Presentations to state boards of pharmacy<br />

• Resources on <strong>ACPE</strong> website<br />

• <strong>Education</strong>al programming at national, state,<br />

AACP/NABP district meetings<br />

• Publications<br />

• Tracking developments and initiatives at<br />

state level


<strong>2011</strong> Survey of Members and Staff of<br />

State Boards of <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

• Administered August/September <strong>2011</strong><br />

• To gather input to help in<strong>for</strong>m future <strong>ACPE</strong><br />

initiatives and direction <strong>for</strong> models that<br />

support lifelong learning of pharmacists and<br />

pharmacy technicians<br />

• Responses from individuals from 29/53<br />

states and territories (55%)<br />

• Requesting remaining states to respond


Joint <strong>Accreditation</strong> <strong>for</strong> the Provider of Continuing<br />

<strong>Education</strong> <strong>for</strong> the Healthcare Team<br />

<strong>Accreditation</strong> <strong>Council</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />

Continuing Medical<br />

<strong>Education</strong><br />

(ACCME)<br />

American Nurses<br />

Credentialing Center<br />

(ANCC)<br />

<strong>Accreditation</strong> <strong>Council</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Education</strong><br />

(<strong>ACPE</strong>)


“CE Developed by the Team<br />

<strong>for</strong> the Team”<br />

• Support healthcare team-focused education that<br />

improves patient care<br />

• Simplifies the application process <strong>for</strong> CE providers<br />

seeking accreditation by two or more of the<br />

organizations<br />

• The Joint <strong>Accreditation</strong> Process:<br />

– Decreases the provider’s workload<br />

– Increases the number of continuing education activities<br />

with an interprofessional audience<br />

– Increases communication among accreditation agencies<br />

from different health care disciplines to exchange and<br />

share ideas


Joint <strong>Accreditation</strong> Eligibility<br />

• The organization is already accredited in good<br />

standing by at least two of the three national<br />

accrediting bodies (ANCC, <strong>ACPE</strong>, and/or ACCME)<br />

• One national accrediting body (ACCME, <strong>ACPE</strong> or<br />

ANCC) and one state accrediting body (ACCME-<br />

Recognized Accreditor or ANCC-Accredited Approver)<br />

• 25% of the educational activities delivered by the<br />

organization during the past 12 months is comprised<br />

of education designed by and <strong>for</strong> the healthcare team<br />

• The organization engages in the joint accreditation<br />

process and demonstrates compliance with the<br />

compliance criteria and policies


Providers with Joint <strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• Cine-Med, Inc.<br />

as of December <strong>2011</strong><br />

• Creighton University<br />

• Institute <strong>for</strong> Healthcare Improvement<br />

• North American Center <strong>for</strong> Continuing<br />

Medical <strong>Education</strong><br />

• VHA, Inc.


<strong>ACPE</strong> INTERNATIONAL SERVICES<br />

PROGRAM (ISP)


<strong>ACPE</strong> International Services<br />

Program<br />

• Established January <strong>2011</strong><br />

• Assists international pharmacy stakeholders<br />

– Program Certification<br />

– Consultation<br />

– Workshops and Training Programs<br />

– Long-Term Projects<br />

• Oversight by International Commission


ISP Mission<br />

Promote, assure, and advance the<br />

quality of pharmacy education<br />

internationally to improve patient care<br />

through safe and effective medication<br />

use


International Commission<br />

Members<br />

• William A. Gouveia, Chair, MS, FASHP, Belmont,<br />

Massachusetts, USA<br />

• George R. Spratto, Vice Chair, PhD, Ox<strong>for</strong>d, Connecticut,<br />

USA<br />

• Robert S. Beardsley, RPh, PhD, Baltimore, Maryland, USA<br />

• Bruce Canaday, PharmD, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA<br />

• Peter J. Kielgast, MSc (Pharm), DSc (Hon), Copenhagen,<br />

Denmark<br />

• Claude Mailhot, BPharm, DPH, PharmD, Montreal, Canada


International Services Program<br />

Advisory Group (ISPAG)<br />

• Members from 15 countries have been selected to<br />

provide broad geographic and cultural diversity<br />

• ISPAG will function as an in<strong>for</strong>mal group to provide<br />

feedback, ideas, and recommendations to the <strong>ACPE</strong><br />

Board via the International Commission<br />

• Some individual members may also contribute practically<br />

to initiatives, activities, and projects in their areas of<br />

interest and expertise


Systems <strong>for</strong> Improved Access to<br />

Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS)<br />

• Five-year initiative in partnership with Management<br />

Sciences <strong>for</strong> Health (MSH)<br />

– Other core partners: Harvard School of Public Health,<br />

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Logistics<br />

Management Institute, and the University of Washington<br />

Department of Global Health<br />

• Funded by a grant from the U.S. Agency <strong>for</strong><br />

International Development (USAID)<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> will engage in assessing pharmacy<br />

education and training in a number of developing<br />

countries


<strong>ACPE</strong> Responsibilities in SIAPS Program<br />

• Evaluate pharmacy education in selected developing countries <strong>for</strong><br />

both pre-service education and in-service training<br />

• Assess the degree to which academic and training institutions have<br />

incorporated the principles of pharmaceutical management<br />

• Establish a framework and strategic approach <strong>for</strong> QA of pharmacy<br />

training and education<br />

• Develop models to establish or strengthen <strong>for</strong>malized bodies of<br />

accreditation <strong>for</strong> pharmacy education and training in the selected<br />

countries<br />

• Assess the quality of pharmacy education and training to support<br />

pharmaceutical services delivery in the selected countries.


QUESTIONS AND/OR DISCUSSION


ISSUES AT THE INTERSECTION OF<br />

QUALITY AND QUANTITY


Accredited PharmD Programs*<br />

Programs with <strong>Accreditation</strong> Status (n = 125)<br />

• Full <strong>Accreditation</strong> Status: 103<br />

– Programs that have graduated students<br />

• Candidate <strong>Accreditation</strong> Status: 17<br />

– Programs with students enrolled but have not yet produced graduates or<br />

have graduates and have not addressed all the accreditation standards<br />

• Pre-Candidate <strong>Accreditation</strong> Status: 5<br />

– Programs that have not yet enrolled students or are in their first year of<br />

classes<br />

* Inclusive of June <strong>2011</strong> Board Actions


Distance Campus Expansions<br />

• 26 programs have distance campuses*<br />

– 19 are public and 7 are private<br />

• 3 programs are in the process of being<br />

evaluated to open a distance campus<br />

• 5 programs have branch/distance campuses<br />

out of state<br />

(* Distance campus = delivery of didactic curriculum to/from site)


<strong>Pharmacy</strong> School Graduation Trends<br />

14000<br />

13,822<br />

Number of Graduates<br />

12000<br />

10000<br />

8000<br />

6000<br />

4000<br />

2000<br />

0<br />

6,956<br />

11,487<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> school graduates <strong>2011</strong>–2014<br />

projected based on current enrollment<br />

and <strong>ACPE</strong>-estimated attrition<br />

Source: AACP Fall 2010 Data and <strong>ACPE</strong> February <strong>2011</strong> Estimates


Are new colleges and schools of<br />

pharmacy primarily responsible <strong>for</strong><br />

this increase in pharmacy<br />

graduates since 2003?


Increase in <strong>Pharmacy</strong> Graduates Since 2003<br />

Source: AACP Fall 2010 Data and <strong>ACPE</strong> February <strong>2011</strong> Estimates<br />

Increase in No. of Graduates<br />

(from 2003 baseline)<br />

7000<br />

6000<br />

5000<br />

4000<br />

3000<br />

2000<br />

1000<br />

Increase attributable to pre-1995 schools<br />

Increase attributable to post-1995 schools<br />

n = 98<br />

n = total number of US colleges and<br />

n = 93<br />

schools with graduates<br />

n = 90<br />

n = 89<br />

n = 88<br />

n = 85<br />

n = 83<br />

n = 102<br />

n = 110<br />

n = 114<br />

n = 118<br />

0<br />

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 <strong>2011</strong> 2012 2013 2014<br />

(Actual numbers)<br />

(Projected numbers)


Increase in <strong>Pharmacy</strong> Graduates Since 2003<br />

Source: AACP Fall 2010 Data and <strong>ACPE</strong> February <strong>2011</strong> Estimates<br />

Increase in No. of Graduates<br />

(from 2003 baseline)<br />

7000<br />

6000<br />

5000<br />

4000<br />

3000<br />

2000<br />

1000<br />

Increase attributable to pre-1995 schools<br />

Increase attributable to post-1995 schools<br />

n = 98<br />

n = total number of US colleges and<br />

n = 93<br />

schools with graduates<br />

n = 90<br />

n = 89<br />

n = 88<br />

n = 85<br />

n = 83<br />

n = 102<br />

n = 110<br />

n = 114<br />

n = 118<br />

0<br />

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 <strong>2011</strong> 2012 2013 2014<br />

(Actual numbers)<br />

(Projected numbers)


Can <strong>ACPE</strong> intervene to stop the<br />

rapid expansion of pharmacy<br />

schools in the U.S.?


Manpower Issues Cannot Be<br />

Considered in <strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

• <strong>Accreditation</strong> is designed to advance<br />

quality – not restrict the market<br />

• Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 prohibits<br />

restraint of competition<br />

• PharmD is a nationally recruited applicant<br />

pool with national employment<br />

opportunities


<strong>Accreditation</strong> and Competition<br />

• <strong>Accreditation</strong> decisions may affect the<br />

marketplace<br />

• <strong>Accreditation</strong> decisions are based strictly on<br />

compliance with the standards<br />

– Cannot consider the effect on the marketplace<br />

• Consideration of the effect on the marketplace<br />

in making accreditation decisions could subject<br />

<strong>ACPE</strong> to prosecution under antitrust laws and,<br />

potentially, jeopardize <strong>ACPE</strong>’s recognition by<br />

the U.S. DOE


Do the accrediting bodies <strong>for</strong> other<br />

health professions dictate the<br />

quantity of schools or numbers of<br />

graduates?


Growth Trends in <strong>Education</strong><br />

Among Other Health Professions<br />

Health Profession/<br />

Accreditor<br />

Accredited Programs<br />

2000<br />

Accredited Programs<br />

Plus Applications<br />

(Net % Change)<br />

<strong>2011</strong><br />

Medicine (LCME) 125 141 (+13%)<br />

Osteopathy (AOA-COCC) 19 28 (+47%)<br />

Nursing (CCNE) DNP = 0 (new degree) 58<br />

Physical Therapy (APTA) 196 229 (+17%)<br />

Occupational Therapy<br />

(OTA) 131 154 (+18%)<br />

Dentistry (ADA CODA) 55 60 (+9%)


New School Process<br />

Required Evaluations & On-site Visits <strong>for</strong><br />

<strong>ACPE</strong> <strong>Accreditation</strong> of New Programs<br />

Draft Application On-site Consultation (1 staff member)<br />

Paper review of draft application (team of 4)<br />

Evaluation <strong>for</strong> Precandidate Status (team of 4-5)<br />

Evaluation <strong>for</strong> Candidate Status (team of 4-5)<br />

Evaluation <strong>for</strong> Continuation of<br />

Candidate Status (team of 2-3)<br />

Over 7 years: a New Program is evaluated by 24–36 individuals<br />

Consideration of Full Status (team of 4-5)<br />

Evaluation <strong>for</strong> Continuation of Initial Full Status<br />

(team of 2-3)


Precandidate Thresholds<br />

• Programs must meet threshold expectations<br />

<strong>for</strong> 20 distinct elements to qualify <strong>for</strong> an<br />

initial comprehensive on-site evaluation<br />

• Detailed overview of threshold elements<br />

www.acpeaccredit.org/pdf/Threshold_Document.pdf


Precandidate Thresholds<br />

• Mission includes scholarship<br />

• University infrastructure<br />

supports research and<br />

scholarship<br />

• Institution is regionally<br />

accredited<br />

• Institution is authorized to<br />

grant a doctoral degree<br />

• Dean is installed with<br />

sufficient time to develop the<br />

program<br />

• Dean is qualified and has<br />

authority as defined by<br />

standard 8<br />

• Dean has appropriate prior<br />

experience<br />

• Dean has appropriate<br />

research and scholarship<br />

background.<br />

• Full-time faculty leadership<br />

team installed<br />

• Leadership team has<br />

essential skills complementing<br />

those of the Dean


Precandidate Thresholds<br />

• First-year Faculty in Place by<br />

First Team Visit<br />

• Senior Faculty Provide<br />

Mentoring<br />

• Curriculum and Draft Syllabi<br />

Have Been Prepared<br />

• Curricular Map Shows<br />

Sufficient Hours<br />

• Student Services Available<br />

by First Day of Classes<br />

• Physical Facilities Available<br />

on Proposed First Day of<br />

Classes<br />

• Funding Matches Program<br />

Activity<br />

• IPPEs Will Be Ready When<br />

Needed<br />

• APPEs Will Be Ready When<br />

Needed<br />

• No Significant Program<br />

Expansion


All new school applicants are<br />

granted pre-candidate status on<br />

the first attempt.


50% of programs that applied<br />

from 2008 to <strong>2011</strong> were not<br />

authorized <strong>for</strong> an on-site visit on<br />

their initial application attempt.


Precandidate Thresholds<br />

• Some programs authorized <strong>for</strong> a site visit are<br />

not subsequently approved <strong>for</strong> precandidate<br />

status<br />

– Recently 3 programs denied/withdrew<br />

– Accepted students unable to proceed<br />

– Costly and challenging <strong>for</strong> everyone


MEASURES OF CAPACITY AND QUALITY IN<br />

PHARMACY EDUCATION


<strong>ACPE</strong> Monitoring of <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

Programs – Quality and Resources<br />

• Comprehensive and focused accreditation reviews<br />

• Annual monitoring metrics (e.g., NAPLEX,<br />

enrollments, progression/graduation, dismissals,<br />

withdrawals, attrition)<br />

• AACP standardized surveys (e.g., graduating<br />

students, faculty, preceptors, and alumni)<br />

• Launch of Assessment and <strong>Accreditation</strong><br />

Management System (AAMS) with AACP<br />

• Identification of noteworthy practices


Passing Rate<br />

NAPLEX Passing Rate <strong>for</strong> First-Time<br />

Candidates 2004–2010<br />

Pre-1995 versus Post-1995 Programs<br />

100%<br />

98%<br />

96%<br />

94%<br />

92%<br />

90%<br />

88%<br />

86%<br />

84%<br />

82%<br />

80%<br />

96.7%<br />

95.8%<br />

7 Post-1995<br />

Programs<br />

92.0%<br />

85.9%<br />

93.0%<br />

92.3%<br />

95.6%<br />

97.0%<br />

96.7%<br />

95.1% 96.3% 96.5%<br />

94.4%<br />

94.1%<br />

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />

24 Post-1995<br />

Programs<br />

Pre-1995<br />

Programs<br />

Post-1995<br />

Programs


Percentage of Programs<br />

60%<br />

50%<br />

40%<br />

30%<br />

20%<br />

10%<br />

0%<br />

2010 NAPLEX Passing Rate Spread <strong>for</strong><br />

Pre-1995 versus Post-1995 Programs<br />

n = 1<br />

n = 3<br />

n = 1<br />

n = 2<br />

n = 6<br />

n = 1<br />

66 -70% 71 - 75% 76 - 80% 81 - 85% 86 - 90% 91 - 95% 96 -<br />

100%<br />

n= 23<br />

n = 12<br />

n= 39<br />

n = 10<br />

Pre-1995<br />

Programs<br />

Post-1995<br />

Programs


2010 Graduating Student Survey Results<br />

Section I: Professional Competencies/Outcomes (N = 7,496)<br />

The The PharmD Program Program prepared prepared me to: me to:<br />

Communicate with patients and caregivers<br />

Communicate with patients and caregivers<br />

54.5%<br />

43.5%<br />

1.7%<br />

Gather and use specific in<strong>for</strong>mation to<br />

Gather<br />

identify<br />

and use<br />

patient<br />

specific in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

medication-related<br />

to identify patient<br />

medication-related problems problems<br />

54.4%<br />

43.7%<br />

1.6%<br />

Develop a patient care plan to manage<br />

each medication-related problem<br />

Develop a patient care plan to manage each medication-related<br />

problem<br />

Work with a health care team to implement<br />

the patient care plan<br />

Work with a health care team to implement the patient care plan<br />

50.0%<br />

43.4%<br />

47.9%<br />

51.5%<br />

1.9%<br />

4.6%<br />

Strongly Agree<br />

Agree<br />

Disagree/Strongly<br />

Disagree<br />

Manage the system of medication use to<br />

affect patients<br />

Manage the system of medication use to affect patients<br />

37.4%<br />

55.7%<br />

4.4%<br />

Work with other stakeholders and resolve<br />

problems related to medication use<br />

Work with other stakeholders to identify and resolve problems<br />

related to medication use<br />

41.3%<br />

55.0%<br />

3.2%


My introductory pharmacy practice<br />

experiences were valuable in helping to<br />

prepare me <strong>for</strong> my advanced pharmacy<br />

practice experiences<br />

2010 Graduating Student Survey Results<br />

Section III: <strong>Pharmacy</strong> Practice Experiences (N = 7,496)<br />

24.1%<br />

48.5%<br />

21.4%<br />

My introductory pharmacy practice experiences<br />

permitted my involvement in direct patient care<br />

responsibilities in both community and<br />

institutional settings<br />

23.4%<br />

47.5%<br />

22.9%<br />

In the community pharmacy setting, I was<br />

able to apply my patient care skills<br />

42.3%<br />

47.8%<br />

8.7%<br />

Strongly Agree<br />

In the ambulatory care setting, I was able to<br />

apply my patient care skills<br />

54.0%<br />

39.6%<br />

4.1%<br />

Agree<br />

In the hospital or health-system pharmacy<br />

setting, I was able to apply my patient care<br />

skills<br />

43.4%<br />

47.2%<br />

8.3%<br />

Disagree/Strongly<br />

Disagree<br />

In the inpatient/acute care setting, I was able<br />

to apply my patient care skills<br />

48.5%<br />

45.2%<br />

4.4%<br />

Overall, my advanced practice experiences<br />

were valuable in helping me to achieve the<br />

professional competencies<br />

46.9%<br />

48.3%<br />

4.0%


2010 Faculty and Preceptor Survey Curriculum Responses<br />

(Faculty N = 2,604 / Preceptor N = 8,170)<br />

The PharmD Program prepared<br />

students to:<br />

Develop and use patient-specific care<br />

plans<br />

96.3%<br />

97.5%<br />

Efficiently manage a patient-centered<br />

pharmacy practice<br />

93.9%<br />

93.6%<br />

Develop disease management programs<br />

91.1%<br />

89.9%<br />

Preceptor Strongly<br />

Agree/Agree<br />

Manage the system of medication use<br />

Promote the availability of health<br />

promotion and disease prevention<br />

initiatives<br />

94.5%<br />

93.7%<br />

95.4%<br />

94.4%<br />

Faculty Strongly<br />

Agree/Agree<br />

Communicate with patients, caregivers,<br />

and other members of the<br />

interprofessional health care team<br />

96.8%<br />

97.2%


2010 Faculty and Preceptor Survey Curriculum Responses<br />

(Faculty N = 2,604 / Preceptor N = 8,170)<br />

The Pharm.D. PharmD Program Program prepared prepared students to:<br />

students to:<br />

Search the health sciences literature<br />

Search the health sciences literature<br />

96.7%<br />

94.1%<br />

Evaluate the health sciences literature<br />

Evaluate the health sciences literature<br />

Demonstrate expertise in the area of<br />

in<strong>for</strong>matics<br />

Demonstrate expertise in the area of in<strong>for</strong>matics<br />

94.2%<br />

90.6%<br />

92.0%<br />

82.9%<br />

Preceptor<br />

Strongly<br />

Agree/Agree<br />

Faculty<br />

Strongly<br />

Agree/Agree<br />

Apply state and federal laws and<br />

Apply state and federal laws and regulations to the practice of<br />

regulations to the pharmacy practice of pharmacy<br />

96.6%<br />

98.2%<br />

Maintain professional competence<br />

Maintain professional competence<br />

97.9%<br />

96.1%


APPE Preceptor Resources<br />

(Data from 39 programs,* F2008–F2010)<br />

PRECEPTORS<br />

Percentage of APPEs<br />

precepted by full-time<br />

faculty<br />

ACADEMIC YEAR<br />

OF <strong>ACPE</strong> REVIEW<br />

Mean: 24%<br />

Range: (3 - 62 %)<br />

Percentage of APPEs<br />

precepted by<br />

contract/volunteer faculty<br />

Mean: 76%<br />

Range: (38 - 97%)<br />

*Existing or new schools about to produce graduates


Required APPE<br />

APPE Preceptor Resources<br />

(Data from 39 programs,* F2008–F2010)<br />

Total<br />

APPEs in<br />

Setting<br />

%Precepted<br />

by Full Time<br />

Faculty<br />

%Precepted<br />

by Adjunct<br />

Faculty<br />

Excess/(Deficit)<br />

Rotation Range<br />

by Program<br />

Community<br />

5,094 2% 98%<br />

Hospital/<br />

Health-System 5,007 8% 92%<br />

0 – 1,299<br />

(0 – 93%)<br />

0 – 647<br />

(0 – 84%)<br />

Ambulatory<br />

Care<br />

Inpatient/<br />

Acute Care<br />

4,982 32% 68%<br />

6,646 30% 70%<br />

-65 – 307<br />

(-30 – 88%)<br />

0 – 443<br />

(0 – 84%)<br />

*Existing or new schools about to produce graduates


Experiential <strong>Education</strong> Standards –<br />

Evaluation Since S2007<br />

S2007 Standard<br />

Standard 14. Curricular<br />

Core—<strong>Pharmacy</strong> Practice<br />

Experiences<br />

Standard 28. Practice<br />

Facilities<br />

Compliant<br />

Compliant<br />

w/<br />

Monitoring<br />

Partially<br />

Compliant<br />

Non-<br />

Compliant<br />

14 25 8 2<br />

29 17 2 1


Expansion Summary<br />

• Expansion in the number of pharmacy<br />

school graduates is a result of growth in<br />

both existing and new programs<br />

• Marketplace effects cannot be considered<br />

in accreditation decisions<br />

• <strong>Accreditation</strong> decisions are based strictly<br />

on compliance with the standards


Summary of Discussion<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> is committed to assuring quality in<br />

pharmacy education and encouraging<br />

innovation<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> wants to continue to engage in a<br />

collaborative dialogue<br />

• <strong>ACPE</strong> is committed to working with the<br />

profession to ensure standards and<br />

guidelines are reflective of emerging<br />

evidence and practice needs


OPEN DISCUSSION

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