Judgments of the Israel Supreme Court: Fighting Terrorism within ...
Judgments of the Israel Supreme Court: Fighting Terrorism within ...
Judgments of the Israel Supreme Court: Fighting Terrorism within ...
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HCJ 390/79 Duikat v. Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>Israel</strong>.<br />
Therefore, in our examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contrasting military considerations in<br />
this case, we give special weight to <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> commander <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area<br />
is responsible for security. Having employed this approach, we are <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
opinion – <strong>the</strong> details <strong>of</strong> which we shall explain below – that <strong>the</strong> petitioners<br />
have not carried <strong>the</strong>ir burden, and have not convinced us that we should<br />
prefer <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional expert opinion <strong>of</strong> members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council for Peace<br />
and Security over <strong>the</strong> security stance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> commander <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. We are<br />
dealing with two military approaches. Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m has military advantages<br />
and disadvantages. In this state <strong>of</strong> affairs, we must place <strong>the</strong> expert opinion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> military commander at <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> our decision.<br />
The Proportionality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Separation Fence<br />
48. The second question examines <strong>the</strong> proportionality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
separation fence, as determined by <strong>the</strong> military commander. This question<br />
raises no problems in <strong>the</strong> military field; ra<strong>the</strong>r, it relates to <strong>the</strong> severity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
injury caused to <strong>the</strong> local inhabitants by <strong>the</strong> route decided upon by <strong>the</strong> military<br />
commander. In <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong> this question we are dealing not with military<br />
considerations, but ra<strong>the</strong>r with humanitarian considerations. The question is<br />
not <strong>the</strong> proportionality <strong>of</strong> different military considerations. The question is<br />
<strong>the</strong> proportionality between <strong>the</strong> military consideration and <strong>the</strong> humanitarian<br />
consideration. The question is not whe<strong>the</strong>r to prefer <strong>the</strong> military approach <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> military commander or that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> experts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council for Peace and<br />
Security. The question is whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> separation fence, according<br />
to <strong>the</strong> approach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> military commander, is proportionate. The standard<br />
for this question is not <strong>the</strong> subjective standard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> military commander.<br />
The question is not whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> military commander believed, in good faith,<br />
that <strong>the</strong> injury is proportionate. The standard is objective. The question is<br />
whe<strong>the</strong>r, by legal standards, <strong>the</strong> route <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> separation fence passes <strong>the</strong> tests<br />
<strong>of</strong> proportionality. This is a legal question, <strong>the</strong> expertise for which is held by<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Court</strong>. I dealt with this issue in Physicians for Human Rights, stating:<br />
Judicial review does not examine <strong>the</strong> wisdom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> decision to engage in military<br />
activity. In exercising judicial review, we examine <strong>the</strong> legality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> military<br />
activity. Therefore, we assume that <strong>the</strong> military activity that took place in Rafah was<br />
necessary from a military standpoint. The question before us is whe<strong>the</strong>r this military<br />
activity satisfies <strong>the</strong> national and international standards that determine <strong>the</strong> legality<br />
42