The Australian Community Psychologist - APS Member Groups

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Psychologists’ definitions of resilience 14 provided definitions that extended beyond this narrow view. Some considered resilience as: . . . a term of coping whereby a person accommodates the impact of a stressor by accepting the reality of the situation rather than resisting or avoiding, and stretches his or her resources beyond the previous norm. . . . the ability a person has to deal with positively with stress and/or trauma. It is the degree to which one can assimilate (negative) events in our lives and “bounce back” in the face of adversity. . . . an ability to survive, often in the face of multiple (or longstanding) stressors, or the ability to withstand difficult life circumstances. I think resilience can be seen when people adapt to extraordinary circumstances, perhaps by developing coping strategies (which need not be adaptive to later circumstances). Ability to accept life’s challenges and work with them in a positive way. Resilience recognises a strength of mind and body, and can be built in any life stage. THRIVING – Resilience is the ability to ‘bounce back’ after a trauma, loss, major stress. It is the ability to feel the pain constructively, deal with it effectively, while growing from the challenge. Surpassing previous levels of functioning post the crisis/ trauma and thrive (not just survive). The ability to meet obstacles in life, learn from them, take action to cope with them, and derive a sense of meaning from them. The propensity of the individual or group of individuals (including a whole community) to maintain a stable mental set and competently manage both adversities and successes well. Self belief and values underpin the concept as so self management and appropriate skill sets. Adversity and successful adaptation/ competence have been identified as two necessary aspects of resilience (Luthar et al., 2000; Masten, 2001; Schilling, 2008). The above definitions were chosen by the researchers as the most definitive amongst those provided by the psychologists. They account for accepting the challenge and stretching of resources that the individual normally accesses to allow them to survive and thrive. Some of the definitions include different life stages, the concepts of growth (thriving), learning, and a sense of meaning. Components and Constructs of Resilience as Identified by the Psychologists The mean number of components within the definitions provided was two. Using SPSS Version 18, two ANOVAs, one for specialisation and the other for year of qualification, revealed no specific differences in the scores applied to the definitions provided. The responses of the psychologists providing information on the construction of resilience suggested 14 major themes and 24 subthemes. The number of themes may appear large; however, the intention of this research was to encourage a breadth of factors that underpin resilience. These major and subthemes are shown in Tables 4 and 5. As the literature review indicated three aspects to resilience (personal resources, family connections, and social resources; Tedeschi & Kilmer, 2005), each of the themes was categorised into one of these three themes). In The Australian Community Psychologist Volume 23 No 2 August 2011 © The Australian Psychological Society Ltd
Psychologists’ definitions of resilience 15 the remainder of this paper, the terms major themes and subthemes will be used to describe these dimensions. The questionnaire asked respondents to provide three components (themes) and constructs (sub themes) for each component. Some respondents had difficulty differentiating between components and constructs and answered the construct question in the component spaces. As indicated in Tables 4 and 5 most of the components and constructs indicated by the psychologists were included in the personal resources category, with few responses indicating social and none indicating family resources. Two one-way ANOVAs with Scheffe Post Hoc analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 18 to investigate any differences between the specialised areas of psychology and year of qualification in the provision of numbers of major themes and sub themes. Prior to analyses major themes and subthemes were reviewed for relevance to resilience and any items that were not relevant were excluded from the analyses. For specialisation there were no significant differences between the groups for the number of major themes. However, for subthemes the numbers provided by those who had not specified a specialisation were significantly different to the numbers provided by both counselling and clinical psychologists. Descriptive data is shown in Table 6. It should be noted that Levene’s test for Homogeneity of Table 4 Major themes from WA psychologists’ responses to resilience MajorThemes 1 Independence Personal 2 Emotional control/regulation Personal 3 Self-awareness Personal 4 Support networks Social Resources 5 Good Social skills Personal 6 Cognitive maturity Personal 7 Logical thinking Personal 8 Realistic Locus of Control Personal 9 Confidence Personal 10 Inner resources Personal 11 Self-reliance Personal 12 Connected to other people i.e., family, friends or community Social resources 13 Optimistic attitude Personal 14 Ability to tolerate discomfort Personal The Australian Community Psychologist Volume 23 No 2 August 2011 © The Australian Psychological Society Ltd
Page 1 and 2: The Australian Community Psychologi
Page 3 and 4: Contents Contents 3 General Informa
Page 5 and 6: Editorial 5 Lynne Cohen Catherine F
Page 7 and 8: 7 Psychologists’ Understandings o
Page 9 and 10: Psychologists’ definitions of res
Page 13: Psychologists’ definitions of res
Page 23 and 24: 23 On Cultural Resiliency Naji Abi-
Page 25 and 26: Cultural resiliency 25 any degree,
Page 27 and 28: Cultural resiliency 27 cultural sel
Page 29 and 30: Cultural resiliency 29 supernatural
Page 31 and 32: Cultural resiliency 31 Resilience.
Page 33 and 34: Single mothers’ experiences and r
Page 51 and 52: Same-sex parents 51 were reported t
Page 53 and 54: Same-sex parents 53 is becoming the
Page 55 and 56: Same-sex parents 55 and gay couples
Page 57 and 58: Same-sex parents 57 Table 1 Themes
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Same-sex parents 65 attitudes and f
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Same-sex parents 67 gay parents. Ch
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Negotiating Resilience 69 to guide
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Negotiating Resilience 71 Figure 1.
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Negotiating Resilience 73 Table 1 S
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Negotiating Resilience 75 Simultane
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Negotiating Resilience 77 determini
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Negotiating Resilience 79 ‘Owners
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Negotiating Resilience 81 associati
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Negotiating Resilience 83 South Afr
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85 Resilience in Western Australian
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Resilience in adolescence 87 identi
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Resilience in adolescence 89 Partic
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Resilience in adolescence 91 my emo
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Reflections on Poverty 93 relations
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Resilience in adolescence 95 being
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Resilience in adolescence 97 has hu
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Resilience in adolescence 99 critic
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Resilience in adolescence 101 Resil
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103 Resilience through the Eyes of
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Resilience and Professional Nurses
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121 The Resilience of Illegal Afric
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Migrant resilience 123 participants
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Migrant resilience 125 Step 2: Dete
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Migrant resilience 127 home is econ
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Migrant resilience 129 better than
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Migrant resilience 131 share, to ex
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Migrant resilience 133 positive psy
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135 Measurement Performance of the
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Measurement performance of the SCI
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Manuscript Preparation 149 2. The c
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The Australian Community Psychologi
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