Bitter Apples For Cider Making - An Alternative

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apple concentrate is a reliable, available alternative to imported bittersweet concentrates, which have at times been in very short supply. Cost analysis (not detailed here), at present 2010 commodity prices for apple concentrates, is favourable towards formulations using immature apple extracts either as a complete or partial substitute. Acknowledgements We would like to thank all who assisted and supported this work and the management of Carlton and United Breweries for the permission to publish this paper. References 1. Costanzo, V., (2003) Foster’s Australia Quality Assurance Method 348-02. Beer and Wort Total Polyphenols Micro – Method. (Internal Document) 2. Elzebroek, A.T.G.; Wind, K. (2008). Guide to Cultivated Plants. Wallingford: CAB International. p. 27. 3. Gordon Brown, Lisa Schimanski, David Jennings (2001) AP00036 Kaolin for pest control and improved fruit quality of apples. HRDC Horticultural Research and Development Corporation. 4. Kanda, T., Akiyama, H., Yanagida, A., Tanabe,M., Goda, Y., Toyoda, M., Teshima, R., Saito, Y. (1998) Inhibitory effects of apple polyphenol on induced histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells and rat mast cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62, 1284 -1289 5. Lachman, J., Sulc, M., Sus, J., Pavlikova,O. (2006) Polyphenol content and antiradical activity in different apple varieties. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 33, 2006, (3) 95 - 102 6. Lea, A.G.H. (1992) Flavour, Colour and Stability in Fruit Products: The Effect of Polyphenols. Plant Polyphenols – Synthesis, Properties and Significance. Edited by Hemingway, R.W and Laks, P.E. Plenum Press New York p. 827-847. 7. Martin, Steve. (1997) AP450 New Processing Opportunities for Pome Fruit – Extraction of apple polyphenols from apple thinnings. HRDC Horticultural Research and Development Corporation. ISBN 1 86423 5209
8. Shahidi, Fereidoon, and Naczk, Marian. (1995) Food Phenolics. Sources. Chemistry. Effects. Applications. Techomic Publishing Co. p149 – 155. 9. Tanabe, Y., Kanda, T., Yanagida, A. (2002) European Patent EP 0 657 169 B1 Unripe apple polyphenol mixture – process for production of unripe Rosaceae fruit polyphenol mixtures.
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Page 7 and 8: Experimental Cultivar evaluations:
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Page 11 and 12: Lab scale samples Plant scale nil S
Page 13: Cider samples were then prepared on

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