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The time limit of the wiping over the khuffs, socks, turban and scarf for one who is
in his place of residence is 24 hours, while for the traveler it is 72 hours (for a journey
that exceeds 85 k.m. in which it is allowed to shorten one’s prayers).
The beginning time of the wiping for the resident is considered from the first
time one wipes after wearing the piece of clothing until the same time the next
day (24 hours).
The Extent of Wiping: When wiping over the khuff, one should pass his moist
hand from the tips of his toes to his ankles with his fingers slightly open.
Note: If someone first wipes while they are considered a traveler and then becomes
a resident, or vice versa, or he is in doubt about when he first wiped, he should
regard himself as a resident.
Casts and Bandages: Casts and bandages used to cover wounds may be wiped
with moist hands on the following conditions: 1) There is a genuine need for the
cast or bandage; 2) That it does not exceed the required area to cover the wound
properly; 3) The cast or bandage should be wiped, while the other parts must be
washed as normal.
One must remove the cast or bandage that exceeds the necessary area to be
covered, unless some harm is feared.
Note: It is better to wipe both of the two khuffs simultaneously and not
beginning with the right khuff first. It is not allowed to wipe over the bottom or
back of the khuff or sock. It is undesirable to wash the khuffs instead of wiping
over them, or wiping them more than once. As for the turban and scarf, one
must wipe over most of it. 1
Nullifiers of Wudoo: 1) passage of anything through the privates or the anus, such
as urine, feces, gas, pus, blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid or prostratic fluid, etc;
2) loss of consciousness, by sleep, fainting, etc – except “nodding off” while sitting
or standing; 3) release of urine or feces from passages other than the urethra or the
anus; 4) passage of other forms of impurities from the body, other than urine or
feces, such as large amount of blood; 5) eating the flesh of camel; 6) touching the
private parts directly, without there being a barrier (like clothes, etc.); 7) touching
the private parts of others with sexual desire; 8) apostasy from the religion of Islam.
If someone is sure about being in a state of purity, and then doubts whether he
has broken it, he should act according to what he is sure about.
Bathing (Ghusl): The things that necessitate a full bath are the following:
1) Diurnal ejaculation of semen due to desire, or passage of semen during sleep,
with or without pleasure; 2) entrance of the head of the penis into the vulva, even
without ejaculation; 3) upon accepting Islam, whether for the first time or after
apostasy; 4) menstruation;5) postpartum bleeding; 6) death of a Muslim.
The Obligatory Acts of Ghusl: It is obligatory to have the intention that one is
performing ghusl in order to purify themselves from a state of major impurity. Then,
1 It is treated like a shoe or a sock, in that only a part of it is wiped.