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It is prohibited to make voluntary prayers in the times that have been specifically
prohibited. These are: 1) After the dawn until the rising of the sun and its appearance
above the horizon to the height of a short spear; 2) At the time of the zenith of the
sun, until it starts declining; 3) After Salat-al-Asr until the setting of the sun.
The prayers that are made for certain causes are correct if made in these times, like the
prayer of greeting the Mosque (Tahiyyat-al-Masjid), the two Rak’ah after Tawaaf, the
Sunnah prayer of Fajr, the funeral prayer, the two Rak’ah of Wudoo, the prostration of
recitation and the prostration of thankfulness.
Those who enter the Masjid of the Prophet () should first make two Rak’ah of
greeting the Masjid, then come to the Prophet’s () noble grave 1 and, facing the
grave with his back to the prayer direction (Qiblah), with humility and downcast eyes
and a heart full of respect and awe for the Prophet () as if he is before him in view,
say “As-Salamu alaika ya Rasulullah”; if he adds to this [by saying for example, “and
the blessings of Allah”], it is good.
He then moves to the right an arm length and says, “As-Salamu alaika ya Aba Bakr
as-Siddeeq” (Peace be upon you, O Abu Bakr the Truthful) and also, “As-Salamu
alaika ya Umar al-Faruq” (Peace be upon you, O Umar the Separator between Truth
and Falsehood) “Allahumma Ijzihima ’an Nabiyyihima wa anil-Islam khaira” (O Allah
give them the good reward for following the Prophet and aiding Islam). Then he turns
to the Qiblah, places the grave to his left 2 , and supplicates to Allah.
Marriage is a Sunnah for those who have sexual desire and do not fear falling
into the sin of fornication. Marriage is permissible for the person who has no sexual
desire. It is an obligation for the one who has sexual desire and fears falling into the
sin of fornication. The obligation is such that he should do it first rather than
performing Hajj. It is unlawful to gaze at women, and to be in seclusion with them,
since this is a source of temptation.
The following conditions have to be fulfilled for a valid marriage of a man
to a woman: 1) Specifying the two partners for marriage, and thus it is not
allowed for a man to say, for instance, “I have married you to one of my daughters”
when he has more than one; 2) The consent of the husband and wife, the husband
being of maturity and rightly guided, and the wife being free and of discretion; 3) A
guardian for the woman, since a woman can arrange her own marriage herself and
none other than a legal guardian cannot arrange her marriage, unless the guardian
refuses to marry her to a person who is compatible with her. The most appropriate
person to arrange her marriage is her father, then grandfather and so on upward, or
her son and grandson and so on downward, or her full brother then her paternal
1 The noble grave of the Prophet () was originally outside the Masjid in the living quarters of
his wife Aishah and later expansions after the generation of the companions brought it into
the premises of the mosque. The manner of visit, although not specifically mentioned in reports, is
mentioned as an example because it helps avoid many of the common innovations that are done
by the ignorant masses at his grave.
2 Thus he will be standing in the Rawdah, the blessed area between the grave of the Prophet ()
and his Minbar, which he stated to be a garden (rawdah) from the gardens of Paradise.