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Pazzona, A., 1989. The effect of the weight of the clusters and shape of the teat cup liners on the milking characteristics of buffaloes. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 43: 175-181. Penchev, P., M. Boichev, Y. Ilieva and T. Peeva. 2011. Effect of different factors on lactation curve in buffalo cows. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 44, (3): 103-110. Pyörälä, S., 2003. Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis. Veterinary research 2003;34(5):565-78. Rasmussen, M.D., S. Thomas and A. Borghese, 2008. Milking Management of Dairy Buffaloes. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation no. 426: 1-103. Rodrigues Amaral, F. and S.Corrêa Escrivão, 2005. Aspectos relacionados à bùfala leiteira. Rev. Bras. Reprod. Anim. Belo Horizonte (29), vol. 2: 111-117. Rosati, R., C.S. Thomas, O. Lai, L. Alfieri and T. Zottola. 2008. Udder health. In: Milking Management of Dairy Buffaloes”. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation no. 426. Editors Rasmussen M., Thomas S., Borghese A.: 43-54 Tancin, V., J. Macuhova, D. Schams and. R.M. Bruckmaier, 2006. The importance of increased levels of oxytocin induced by naloxone to milk removal in dairy cows. Vet. Med. Czech 51:340–345. Thomas, C.S., K. Svennersten-Sjaunja, M.R. Bhosrekar and R.M. Bruckmaier. 2003. Mammary cisternal size, cisternal milk and milk ejection in Murrah buffaloes. J. of Dairy Res. 71: 162- 168. Thomas, C.S., 2004. Milking management of dairy buffaloes. Dott. Diss. Dep. Nutrition and Management, SLU. Acta Universitatis agriculturae Suecia Agraria vol. 455. Thomas, C.S., J. Nordstrom, K. Svennersten-Sjaunja and H. Wiktorsson. 2005. Maintenance and milking behaviours of Murrah buffaloes during two feeding regimes. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 91:261-276. Thomas, C.S., R.M. Bruckmaier, K. Östensson and K. Svennerten-Sjaumja. 2006. Physiology of milk ejection in dairy buffaloes. III Simposio Bùfalos de las Americas: 62-65. Togashi, K. and C. Y. Lin. 2004. Efficiency of different selection criteria for persistency and lactation milk yield. J. Dairy Sci.87:1528-1535. Weiss D., M. Weinfurtner and R.M. Bruckmaier. 2004. Teat Anatomy and its Relationship with Quarter and Udder Milk Flow Characteristics in Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 3280-3289. www.lactocorder.ch website
Changing Faces of Swamp Buffaloes in an Industrializing Asia Libertado Concepcion CRUZ a* a Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines *Corresponding email: pcc_oed@yahoo.com/pcc-oed@mozcom.com ABSTRACT Swamp buffaloes are mainly found in East and South Asia and represents 20.51% of the world’s buffalo population. For centuries, swamp buffalo has played a major role in smallholder mixed farming system, however, the intensification of crop farming coupled with the increased farm mechanization in the past decade diminished the swamp buffaloes’ role as source of draft in small farms. Despite this development, their value as source of livelihood and food among rural farming families remains high, and thus, undoubtedly, the direction for its development can be shifted towards improving for meat and milk production. Genetic transformation is pursued thru cross breeding and backcrossing with riverine buffalo breeds. For a wide-scale crossbreeding program to be sustained there are necessary elements that need to be institutionalized, one important item is the establishment of Gene Pool of elite riverine buffaloes coupled with organized selection and testing from where genetic materials for wide-scale crossbreeding will be derived. This has to be complimented with a responsive AI and bull loan systems to ensure proper utilization of superior genetic materials and a scheme to stimulate sustained growth of village buffalo-based entrepreneurship. Keywords: Philippine carabao, swamp and riverine buffalo crossbreeding, buffalo-based enterprise development, buffalo meat and milk production INTRODUCTION Economic growth in East and Southeast Asia in recent years in characterized by increasing industrialization and declining share of agriculture in the total economy. This is accompanied by rise in human population, increasing urbanization, increasing income and changes in food preferences. Demand for animal-derived products, such as meat and milk, has been noted to grow in this region at a rate faster than observed in more developed economies (Delgado et al., 1999). These livestock sector major change drivers are observed in countries where the world’s swamp buffalo population are mainly found. To date, there are 32.75M swamp buffaloes and represent 20.51% of the world's buffalo population (FAO, 2012). The history of swamp buffalo is basically a history of smallhold land-based agriculture, since for centuries, the swamp buffaloes have played a major role in draft animaldependent farming systems, mainly in the production of major agricultural crops, such as rice, corn, sugarcane and coconut. In recent years, however, developments in land-based agriculture in East and Southeast Asia, such as the expansion of irrigation facilities and farm mechanization, have significant impact on the use of draft buffaloes. Intensified rice production became more pronounced in irrigated areas and this has led to increased utilization of small farm machineries, significantly displacing the draft buffaloes. The introduction of tractors for land preparation and transport of produce in corn, sugarcane and other crop production areas has had similar effects. 1
Page 2 and 3:
Control of buffalo follicular dynam
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multiparous), and period of the yea
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(Gasparrini, 2002). Some studies in
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Table 1. Effect of genetic group (N
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Baruselli, P.S., N.A.T. Carvalho, M
Page 12 and 13: Gimenes, L.U., P. Fantinato Neto, J
Page 14 and 15: Saliba, W.P., R.M. Drummond, H.X.S.
Page 16 and 17: uffalo enrolled in Genealogical Boo
Page 18 and 19: Figure 2. Mozzarella and the colour
Page 20 and 21: Figure 4. Recorded Buffaloes in the
Page 22 and 23: Figure 5. Extensive system: calf wi
Page 24 and 25: Figure 9. Calves managed in box. Fi
Page 26 and 27: Figure 11. Milk processing and mozz
Page 28 and 29: Figure 15. Rump of young bull with
Page 30 and 31: previous owners and their relations
Page 32 and 33: 3. BULGARIA The mechanization enter
Page 34 and 35: Figure 21. Bulgarian Murrah herd (A
Page 36 and 37: Figure 24. Mediterranean buffalo yo
Page 38 and 39: iodiversity, to conserve buffalo ge
Page 40 and 41: Figure 30. Simple cheese in Mojanci
Page 42 and 43: Figure 31. Mediterranean Serbian co
Page 44 and 45: 10. HUNGARY A small but tenacious p
Page 46 and 47: REFERENCES ANASB (Italian Buffalo B
Page 48 and 49: Lactation Curve and Milk Flow Anton
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2. Effect of parity on lacta
Page 52 and 53: Figures 5. Typical milk flow curve
Page 54 and 55: Figure 9 (up-left), 10 (upright), 1
Page 56 and 57: Figure 17. Milking with a double pr
Page 58 and 59: Figure 23. Milk flow curve at quart
Page 60 and 61: kPa showed the best milkability con
Page 64 and 65: The interest in developing the alre
Page 66 and 67: particularly true for those who hav
Page 68 and 69: Table 4. Recorded introduction of R
Page 70 and 71: collaborations may be classified in
Page 72 and 73: Gene Pools for Selected Native Phil
Page 74 and 75: Two approaches are being introduced
Page 76 and 77: Privatization of Artificial Insemin
Page 78 and 79: For the first two years, VBAIT rece
Page 80 and 81: Even at the early period of program
Page 82 and 83: Nutritional and Other Management Pr
Page 84 and 85: will certainly prolong the reproduc
Page 86 and 87: CONCLUSIONS An ever increasing amou
Page 88 and 89: Om Prakash DHANDA * Changing Dynami
Page 90 and 91: Semi-Intensive Buffalo Production S
Page 92 and 93: food security of farmers due to the
Page 94 and 95: In vitro embryo production in buffa
Page 96 and 97: cleavage rates (Totey et al., 1992)
Page 98 and 99: Boni, R., R. Di Palo, V. Barbieri a
Page 100 and 101: Buffalo Milk Cheese Mohamed HOFI a*
Page 102 and 103: REFERENCES Abou-Donia, S.A., 1986.
Page 104 and 105: Table: 2. Selected approaches explo
Page 106 and 107: Keywords: water buffalo, karyotype,
Page 108 and 109: species is the smallest buffalo in
Page 110 and 111: genetic information from richer gen
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Iannuzzi L., G.P. Di Meo, A. Peruca
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Figure 3. Internal sex adducts in a
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Sperm Sexing in Buffalo Using Flow
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Table 1. The mean±S.D. (n = 6) per
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___________________________________
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Liucheng 173 74 (42.8) 72 (97.3) To
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Effect of use Pre-Synch + Ovsynch p
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present an average conception rate
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Figure 1 Trends of numbers of buffa
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4) public relation and promotion of
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Social aspects 1) Make the communit
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which dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), gl
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REFERENCES Attanasio L., A.D. Rosa,
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trehalose Straw:40%EG+5% 2min+0.075
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efficiently utilize poor quality fe
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Table 2. Worldwide buffalo milk (wh
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production improvements through bet
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evealed that total weight gain, ave
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animals kept at National Agricultur
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acids, control diet plus 320 gm of
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Drost, M. 2007. Bubaline versus bov
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Wanapat, M. 2004. On-farm crop-resi
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(Gagliostro, 2004). The transformat
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ISO 15304. 2002. Animal and vegetab
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Breeding value Breeding value on th
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type and conformation are more subs
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5. Calving interval, days 420 6. In
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monitored and confronted. Until few
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showing that this new approach in t
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following AI with sexed semen. Repr
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The major export of meat is buffalo
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DISCUSSIONS The Murrah and murrah g
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Packing material QC Inspection Tabl
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2003-04 5,898,000 1,443,000 338,940
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Algeria 0 0 0 2,891 5,775 U.A.E. 2,
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Kg. weeks Rs. Rs. Trial 1 94 20529
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60% to the total milch cattle popul
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accounts for about 25% of the total
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Table 3. Trend of improvement in ag
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for normal ovarian functions. PPAR
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synthetic ligands of PPARγ upregul
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Figure 2. Possible direct molecular
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independent. Fig. 3 Collaborative c
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Fan, W., T. Yanase, H. Morinaga, Y.
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Sundvold, H., A. Brzozowska and S.
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North part of central Anatolia rela
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conservation and incentive premium
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Soysal, M.İ., S. Kök, 1997. Ergin
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Table 1. Means and standard errors
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Table 3. Means and standard errors
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Table.4. Several Characteristics ab
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Table.4. Several Characteristics ab
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Table 5. Mean, standard deviation a
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Table 7. Preliminary data on Milk c
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Tokat Samsun Table 10. Distribution
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Tokat Table 10. Distribution male w
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Table 12. Number of water buffaloe
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Some of result in Anatolian water b
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India. Buffaloes in India have a pl
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Agricultural Research] and SAUs [St
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Under the in-situ conservation sche
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Table 3. Description of important b
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Australia at 53%. Generally buffalo
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21% 29% 50% Figure 1. Classificatio
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Buffalo is a precious animal geneti
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Church and include a group of catec
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than in cattle, where regional meat
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Figure 1. The sseasonal variation i
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Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes: Role
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EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS ENZYMES ON RUM
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Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A. and
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Table 4. Per cent apparent, true DM
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the year 2000 and is expected to be
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increased. The buffalo production s
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Table 3. Typical composition of buf
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Sector Italy this increase in the n
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Figure 2. Rumen fermentation throug
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asal roughage, as it resulted in in
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BUFFALO RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ED
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Kumar, A., Tiwari, G.N., Kumar, S.
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Brief Introduction to the Developme
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Reproductive biotechnologies accele
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543.3kg in 2011 (Fig. 2) with the a
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the orchards, pasture grass, buffal
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Table 2. Average annual yield per b
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INTRODUCTION Buffaloes in America h
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Murrah breed and its crosses, and 2
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1.672 litres (maximum 2.600 litres)
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