December 2012 - Journal of Threatened Taxa

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Jo u r n a l o f Th r e a t e n e d Ta x a Published by Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Typeset and printed at Zoo Outreach Organisation 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore 641035, Tamil Nadu, India Ph: +91422 2665298, 2665101, 2665450; Fax: +91422 2665472 Email: threatenedtaxa@gmail.com, articlesubmission@threatenedtaxa.org Website: www.threatenedtaxa.org EDITORS Fo u n d e r & Ch i e f Ed i t o r Dr. Sanjay Molur, Coimbatore, India Ma n a g in g Ed i t o r Mr. B. Ravichandran, Coimbatore, India As s o c ia t e Ed i t o r s Dr. B.A. Daniel, Coimbatore, India Dr. Manju Siliwal, Dehra Dun, India Dr. Meena Venkataraman, Mumbai, India Ms. Priyanka Iyer, Coimbatore, India Ed i t o r ia l Ad v i s o r s Ms. Sally Walker, Coimbatore, India Dr. Robert C. Lacy, Minnesota, USA Dr. Russel Mittermeier, Virginia, USA Dr. Thomas Husband, Rhode Island, USA Dr. Jacob V. Cheeran, Thrissur, India Prof. Dr. Mewa Singh, Mysuru, India Dr. Ulrich Streicher, Oudomsouk, Laos Mr. Stephen D. Nash, Stony Brook, USA Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Martin Fisher, Cambridge, UK Dr. Ulf Gärdenfors, Uppsala, Sweden Dr. John Fellowes, Hong Kong Dr. Philip S. Miller, Minnesota, USA Prof. Dr. Mirco Solé, Brazil Ed i t o r ia l Bo a r d / Su b j e c t Ed i t o r s Dr. M. Zornitza Aguilar, Ecuador Prof. Wasim Ahmad, Aligarh, India Dr. Sanit Aksornkoae, Bangkok, Thailand. Dr. Giovanni Amori, Rome, Italy Dr. István Andrássy, Budapest, Hungary Dr. Deepak Apte, Mumbai, India Dr. M. Arunachalam, Alwarkurichi, India Dr. Aziz Aslan, Antalya, Turkey Dr. A.K. Asthana, Lucknow, India Prof. R.K. Avasthi, Rohtak, India Dr. N.P. Balakrishnan, Coimbatore, India Dr. Hari Balasubramanian, Arlington, USA Dr. Maan Barua, Oxford OX , UK Dr. Aaron M. Bauer, Villanova, USA Dr. Gopalakrishna K. Bhat, Udupi, India Dr. S. Bhupathy, Coimbatore, India Dr. Anwar L. Bilgrami, New Jersey, USA Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Böhme, Adenauerallee, Germany Dr. Renee M. Borges, Bengaluru, India Dr. Gill Braulik, Fife, UK Dr. Prem B. Budha, Kathmandu, Nepal Mr. Ashok Captain, Pune, India Dr. Cleofas R. Cervancia, Laguna , Philippines Dr. Apurba Chakraborty, Guwahati, India Mrs. Norma G. Chapman, Suffolk, UK Dr. Kailash Chandra, Jabalpur, India Dr. Anwaruddin Choudhury, Guwahati, India Dr. Richard Thomas Corlett, Singapore Dr. Gabor Csorba, Budapest, Hungary Dr. Paula E. Cushing, Denver, USA Dr. Neelesh Naresh Dahanukar, Pune, India Dr. A.K. Das, Kolkata, India Dr. Indraneil Das, Sarawak, Malaysia Dr. Rema Devi, Chennai, India Dr. Nishith Dharaiya, Patan, India Dr. Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman, Queenswood, South Africa Dr. William Dundon, Legnaro, Italy Dr. Gregory D. Edgecombe, London, UK Dr. J.L. Ellis, Bengaluru, India Dr. Susie Ellis, Florida, USA Dr. Zdenek Faltynek Fric, Czech Republic Dr. Carl Ferraris, NE Couch St., Portland Dr. R. Ganesan, Bengaluru, India Dr. Hemant Ghate, Pune, India Dr. Dipankar Ghose, New Delhi, India Dr. Gary A.P. Gibson, Ontario, USA Dr. M. Gobi, Madurai, India Dr. Stephan Gollasch, Hamburg, Germany Dr. Michael J.B. Green, Norwich, UK Dr. K. Gunathilagaraj, Coimbatore, India Dr. K.V. Gururaja, Bengaluru, India Dr. Mark S. Harvey,Welshpool, Australia Dr. Magdi S. A. El Hawagry, Giza, Egypt Dr. Mohammad Hayat, Aligarh, India Prof. Harold F. Heatwole, Raleigh, USA Dr. V.B. Hosagoudar, Thiruvananthapuram, India Dr. B.B.Hosetti, Shimoga, India Prof. Fritz Huchermeyer, Onderstepoort, South Africa Dr. V. Irudayaraj, Tirunelveli, India Dr. Rajah Jayapal, Bengaluru, India Dr. Weihong Ji, Auckland, New Zealand Prof. R. Jindal, Chandigarh, India Dr. A.J.T. Johnsingh, India Dr. Pierre Jolivet, Bd Soult, France Dr. Rajiv S. Kalsi, Haryana, India Dr. Rahul Kaul, Noida,India Dr. Werner Kaumanns, Eschenweg, Germany Dr. Paul Pearce-Kelly, Regent’s Park, UK Dr. P.B. Khare, Lucknow, India Dr. Vinod Khanna, Dehra Dun, India Dr. Cecilia Kierulff, São Paulo, Brazil Dr. Shumpei Kitamura, Ishikawa, Japan Dr. Ignacy Kitowski, Lublin, Poland continued on the back inside cover
JoTT Co m m u n ic a t i o n 4(15): 3377–3389 Pollination biology of the crypto-viviparous Avicennia species (Avicenniaceae) A.J. Solomon Raju 1 , P.V. Subba Rao 2 , Rajendra Kumar 3 & S. Rama Mohan 4 1,4 Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India 2,3 Ministry of Environment and Forests, Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India Email: 1 solomonraju@gmail.com (corresponding author), 2 pvsrao8@gmail.com, 3 rajekr.72@gmail.com Date of publication (online): 26 December 2012 Date of publication (print): 26 December 2012 ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) Editor: Cleofas Cervancia Manuscript details: Ms # o2919 Received 20 August 2011 Final received 06 December 2012 Finally accepted 06 December 2012 Citation: Raju, A.J.S., P.V.S. Rao, R. Kumar & S.R. Mohan (2012). Pollination biology of the crypto-viviparous Avicennia species (Avicenniaceae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(15): 3377–3389. Copyright: © A.J. Solomon Raju, P.V. Subba Rao, Rajendra Kumar & S. Rama Mohan 2012. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Author Details: See end of this article. Author Contribution: The field work was done by all but it is mainly carried out by AJSR and SRM. All four authors have contributed in the preparation of manuscript but Prof. Raju is the main person among all. OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD Abstract: Floral biology, sexual system, breeding system, pollinators, fruiting and propagule dispersal ecology of crypto-viviparous Avicennia alba Bl., A. marina (Forsk.) Vierh. and A. officinalis L. (Avicenniaceae) were studied in Godavari mangrove forests of Andhra Pradesh State, India. All the three plant species initiate flowering following the first monsoon showers in June and cease flowering in late August. The flowers are hermaphroditic, nectariferous, protandrous, self-compatible and exhibit mixed breeding system. Self-pollination occurs even without pollen vector but fruit set in this mode is negligible. In all, the flowers are strictly entomophilous and the seedlings disperse through self-planting and stranding strategies. Keywords: Avicennia species, entomophily, mixed breeding system protandry, selfcompatibility. Introduction The family Avicenniaceae comprises of only one genus Avicennia. The genus consists of at least eight tree species which grow in the intertidal zone of coastal mangrove forests and ranges widely throughout tropical and warm temperate regions of the world (Tomlinson 1986; Duke 1991). These species occupy diverse mangrove habitats, either within the normal tidal range or in back mangal and a high tolerance of hypersaline conditions. Of these, three species occur in Atlantic-East Pacific and five species in the Indo-West Pacific (Duke 1992). The East Africa and the Indo-Pacific species include A. officinalis, A. marina, A. alba, A. lanata, A. eucalyptifolia, A. balanophora and only the first three species reached the Indian subcontinent (Duke et al. 1998). A. officinalis has a wide range from southern India through Indo-Malaya to New Guinea and eastern Australia. A. marina has the broadest distribution, both latitudinally and longitudinally with a range from East Africa and the Red Sea along tropical and subtropical coasts of the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea, throughout much of Australia into Polynesia as far as Fiji, and south to the North Island of New Zealand (Tomlinson 1986). A. marina has the distinction of being the most widely distributed of all mangrove tree species. The ubiquitous presence in mangrove habitats around the world is due to the ability to grow and reproduce across a broad range of climatic, saline, and tidal conditions and to produce large numbers of buoyant propagules annually (Duke et al. 1998). A. alba has a wide distribution from India to Indochina, through the Malay Archipelago to the Philippines, New Guinea, New Britain, and northern Australia. Tomlinson (1986) gave a brief account of the floral biology of Avicennia species. A. officinalis is self-compatible and occasionally self- Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | December 2012 | 4(15): 3377–3389 3377
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Page 37 and 38: Status of Dendrobium tenuicaule B.R
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Page 43 and 44: Peninsular India orchids www.tropic
Page 45 and 46: Peninsular India orchids J.S. Jalal
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Canebrakes in Warangal Willd. repor
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Canebrakes in Warangal reports abou
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Canebrakes in Warangal host the arj
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JoTT No t e 4(15): 3433-3435 Recoll
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Taeniophyllum filiforme from Andama
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RET plants of southern Western Ghat
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JoTT No t e 4(15): 3443-3446 Ethnob
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Ethnobotanical value Bombax ceiba c
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Decalepis hamiltonii from Pachamala
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Celastrus paniculatus ssp. aggregat
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Celastrus paniculatus ssp. aggregat
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District S. P
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District Naga
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District S. P
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District REFE
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Chasmophytic grasses of Velliangiri
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Dr. Ullasa Kodandaramaiah, Cambridg
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December 2012 - Journal of Threatened Taxa

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