December 2012 - Journal of Threatened Taxa

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Status of Dendrobium tenuicaule Mora (2011). Population structure of Oncidium poikilosta lix (Orchidaceae), in coffee plantations in Soconusco, Chiapas , México. Lankesteriana 11(1): 23–32. Hooker, J.D. (1890). Flora of British India–Vol. 6. L. Reeve, London, 184pp. IUCN/SSC Orchid Specialist Group (1996). Orchids - Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN,Gland Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 91pp. IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2011). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 9.0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. King, G. (1895). In: Annals of Royal Botanical Gardens Calcutta 5: 9, t. 13. Kumar, C.S. & K.S. Manilal (1994). A Catalogue of Indian Orchids. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India, 162pp. Misra, S. (2007). Orchids of India, A Glimpse. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, 402pp. Myers, N., R.A. Mittermeier, C.G. Mittermeier, G.A.B. da Fonseca & J. Kent (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858. Nayar, N.P. & A.R.K. Sastry (1990). Red Data Book of Indian Plants—Vol. 3. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 195–196. B.R.P. Rao et al. Pandey, R.P. & P.G. Diwakar (2008). An integrated checklist flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Economic Taxonomic Botany 32: 2. Rao, C.K., B.L. Geetha & G. Suresh (2003). Red List of Threatened Vascular Plant Species in India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 144pp. Rao, B.R.P., M.V.S. Babu & J. Donaldson (2010). A Reassessment of the conservation status of Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadaceae), an endemic of the Tirupati-Kadapa Hills, Andhra Pradesh, India, and comments on its CITES Status. Encephalartos 102: 19–24. Rao, B.R.P., M.V.S. Babu, A.M. Reddy, S. Sunitha, A. Narayanaswamy, G. Lakshminarayana & M. Ahmedullah (2011). Conservation status of Hildegardia populifolia (Roxb.) Schott & Endl. (Malvaceae: Sterculioideae: Sterculieae), an endemic of southern peninsular India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(8): 2018– 2022. UNEP & WCMC (2003). Checklist of CITES Species. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, 339pp. van Dunne, J.F.H. (2002). Effects of the spatial distribution of trees, conspecific epiphytes and geomorphology on the distribution of epiphytic bromeliads in a secondary montane forest (Cordillera Central, Colombia). Journal of Tropical Ecology 18: 193–213. 3414 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | December 2012 | 4(15): 3410–3414
JoTT Sh o r t Co m m u n ic a t i o n 4(15): 3415–3425 Endemic orchids of peninsular India: a review Jeewan Singh Jalal 1 & J. Jayanthi 2 1,2 Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, 7, Koregaon Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India Email: 1 jeewansinghjalal@rediffmail.com (corresponding author), 2 jayanthi.bsi@gmail.com Orchidaceae is one of the most ecologically and morphologically diverse families of flowering plants. It is the second largest family of flowering plants in the world, comprising of about 779 genera and 22,500 species (Mabberley 2008). They have diverse habits with variously modified vegetative and floral structures. Based on their varying habits, orchids are classified as holomycotrophic or saprophytic (growing on dead and decaying matter), terrestrials (growing on ground) and epiphytic (growing on trees or shrubs). They are very sensitive to habitat degradation and fragmentation. In India, the orchid diversity is represented by 1,331 species belonging to 186 genera (Misra 2007). The Indian subcontinent has diverse climatic regimes, forest types and habitat conditions that provides a favourable environment for accommodating diverse life forms and species. Being separated by high mountain ranges of the Himalaya in the north and in the south by Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean, the isolation of Indian flora to a large extent helps in the evolution of endemic taxa (Nayar 1996). Geologically the drifting of the Indian subcontinent Date of publication (online): 26 December 2012 Date of publication (print): 26 December 2012 ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) Editor: Pankaj Kumar Manuscript details: Ms # o3091 Received 04 February 2012 Final received 19 October 2012 Finally accepted 28 October 2012 Citation: Jalal, J.S. & J. Jayanthi (2012). Endemic orchids of peninsular India: a review. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(15): 3415–3425. Copyright: © Jeewan Singh Jalal & J. Jayanthi 2012. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to Dr. Paramjith Singh, Director, Botanical Survey of India for providing facilities and support. The authors are also thankful to Dr. D.K. Singh, Additional Director, Botanical Survey of India for encouragement. OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD Abstract: The present analysis of endemic orchids shows a total account of 130 species belonging to 38 genera in peninsular India. Of these, 43 are terrestrial, 85 epiphytic and two holomycotrophic (saprophytic). The Western Ghats comprises of 123 endemic orchid species, Deccan Plateau has 29 endemic orchid species and Eastern Ghats has 22 endemic orchid species. However, in the present analysis the number of endemic species is reduced from the earlier reports because of the rapid development in the taxonomic explorations in the neighboring countries. As a result, many species were found to show extended distribution. Key words: Deccan Plateau, endemic, Eastern Ghats, orchids, peninsular India, Western Ghats. from the Gondwanaland through various latitudes lead to immigration and extinction of species which are engraved in the present day floristic composition (Axelrod 1971). The endemism in the flora of a country or geographical region provides an important insight into the biogeography of that region and also to the centers of diversity and adaptive evolution of the floristic components of that region (Nayar 1996). In India, the peninsular region has a high degree of endemism making it the second richest endemic centre after the Himalaya. Nayar (1977) surmised, the history of flora of peninsular India is one of the floristic impoverishments due to flow of Deccan lavas during cretaceous-eocene time and spreading aridity in Miocene-quaternary period, causing depletion of its characteristic flora leaving few relict taxa. The peninsular region is a part of Indian plate of Gondwanaland and most of the endemic plants of this region are palaeoendemics. A large concentration of endemic species is found in the tropical moist deciduous and tropical semievergreen patches of Western Ghats and to a much lesser degree in Eastern Ghats (Nayar 1996). Materials and Methods Peninsular India comprises of seven states viz., Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha and Tamil Nadu and one union territory namely Pondicherry. It is bound by Vindhyan Mountains in Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | December 2012 | 4(15): 3415–3425 3415
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Dr. Ullasa Kodandaramaiah, Cambridg
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December 2012 - Journal of Threatened Taxa

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