December 2012 - Journal of Threatened Taxa

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Philodendron williamsii are also used for this purpose (Soares et al. 2011). Conservation In view of its rarity and anthropic pressure, we propose the species be assessed for inclusion in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species providing support for its conservation. We believe that the regularization of extractive activity and environmental education is important and will allow the continued use of P. williamsii in craftwork without affecting their natural populations. This species is known only in a small area in southern Bahia (< 20000km²), mainly in the moist forests, occurring at least in three conservation units, with very few known populations. Due to its ecological features and ethnobiology, this plant has become increasingly difficult to find in the past few years. To help assure the continuation of this traditional activity, studies on its propagation in vitro and acclimatization would also be desired. REFERENCES Cassano, C., G. Schroth, D. Faria, J. Delabie & L. Bede (2009). Landscape and farm scale management to enhance biodiversity conservation in the cocoa producing region of southern Bahia, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 577–603. CEPLAC (Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira) (2011). Cacau - Informações de L.S.B. Calazans et al. Mercado (19/09/2011 à 16/12/2011). Ano III, no. 13. Downloaded on 24 February 2012. Gonçalves, E.G. & E.R. Salviani (2002). New species and changing concepts of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma. Aroideana 25: 3–15. Huntington, H.P. (2000). Using traditional ecological knowledge in science: methods and applications. Ecological Applications 10: 1270–1274. Mayo, S.J. (1991). A revision of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae). Kew Bulletin 46: 601–681. Oliveira, J.A.P. (2002). Implementing Environmental Policies in Developing Countries Through Decentralization: The Case of Protected Areas in Bahia, Brazil. World Development 30(10): 1713–1736. Schneider, S.M. & L.E.M. Filho (2001). Duas espéices ornamentais de Philodendron Schott (subgênero Meconostigma) das restingas fluminenses. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Série, Botânica 114: 1–15. Soares, M.L.C., S.J. Mayo, R. Gribel & D. Kirkup (2011). Elliptic Fourier Analysis of leaf outlines in five species of Heteropsis (Araceae) from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 66: 463– 470. Thiers, B. (constantly updated). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Gardens’ Virtual Herbarium. Online version. Date of download 9 March 2012. Valente, T.P. & R.R.B. Negrelle (2011). Harvesting of cipópreto (roots of Philodendron corcovadense Kunth) in the South of Brazil. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 20: 211– 212. 3394 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | December 2012 | 4(15): 3390–3394
JoTT Sh o r t Co m m u n ic a t i o n 4(15): 3395–3400 Sonneratia ovata Backer (Lythraceae): status and distribution of a Near Threatened mangrove species in tsunami impacted mangrove habitats of Nicobar Islands, India P. Nehru 1 & P. Balasubramanian 2 1,2 Division of Landscape Ecology, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (P.O.), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641108, India Email: 1 nehrumcc@gmail.com (corresponding author), 2 balusacon@yahoo.com Mangrove forests are the most productive ecosystem adapted to thrive in the coastal margins of the tropics (Ellison & Fransworth 2001). The ecosystem service provided by mangroves includes breeding grounds for many marine organisms, a carbon sink and is also the main source of economy for coastal dwelling human communities (Kathiresan & Bingham 2001). Mangrove ecosystems play a major role in protecting coastal regions from natural calamities such as storms, hurricanes and tsunamis. Regardless of the services provided, mangrove forests are disappearing from the world at an alarming rate of 1% per year and almost 35% of the mangroves have disappeared in the last two decades of the 20 th century (Valiela et al. 2001). Date of publication (online): 26 December 2012 Date of publication (print): 26 December 2012 ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) Abstract: The world’s most productive ecosystem, the mangrove forest, is under immense pressure due to natural and human induced disturbances. The Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004 had an adverse effect on these habitats by breaking and uprooting the mangrove trees. The mangrove vegetation and the coastal forest of Nicobar Islands, India, were severally damaged by the force of the tsunami and the loss of habitat due to the sudden rise in sea level. We studied the recolonization of mangroves species that began after the tsunami over 19 Islands and 25 locations present in the Nicobar group. Sonneratia ovata (Lythraceae), a Near Threatened landward mangrove species, is reported for the first time from India. A total of 43 individuals of S. ovata was recorded from two sites, namely, Oh Hi Poh and Dhili Kadi, on Katchall Island. All the individuals of mangrove species ≥ 1cm girth at breast height were counted from both sites. The relative density for Bruguiera gymnorhiza (77%) and Sonneratia caseolaris (77%) are high at Oh Hi Poh and Dhili Kadi, respectively. Global distribution, occurrence in India, threats and conservation of S. ovata are discussed in detail. The influence of the tsunami in the dispersal of S. ovata from the nearest known sources Thailand, Malaysia or Indonesia is not very clear. Hence, molecular based study is required for the confirmation of the possible seed source location. Keywords: Habitat destruction, Indian Ocean tsunami, mangrove, recolonization, Sonneratia ovata. Editor: Marília Cunha Lignon Manuscript details: Ms # o3009 Received 16 November 2011 Final received 20 August 2012 Finally accepted 25 October 2012 Citation: Nehru, P. & P. Balasubramanian (2012). Sonneratia ovata Backer (Lythraceae): status and distribution of a Near Threatened mangrove species in tsunami impacted mangrove habitats of Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(15): 3395–3400. Copyright: © P. Nehru & P. Balasubramanian 2012. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Acknowledgements: The financial support received from the Forest Department of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Shri. Negi PCCF (WL), Shri. Ajai Saxena, CCF and Dinesh Kannan DFO of Forest Department of Andaman and Nicobar Islands for their interest in the project. Comments by Dr. Aris Dason, Assistant professor, Madras Christian College and Dr. H. N. Kumara, Scientist, SACON helped us to improve the manuscript. Mr. P. Rajan, SACON helped us in map preparation. OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD The remaining mangrove forests are under immense anthropogenic pressure from felling, encroachment, shrimp cultivation, hydrological alterations, chemical spills, and land conversion (McKee 2005; Giri et al. 2008). Natural disturbances such as storms, hurricanes, tsunamis, land elevation or submergence due to tectonic movements, climate change and sea level rise are also threatening this biologically important ecosystem. The mega earthquake of 9.15 magnitude and the following tsunami on 26 December 2004 had a serious impact on the human population and on the biodiversity of the coastal regions in the Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Burma, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. The close vicinity of the Nicobar Islands to the epicenter of the earthquake resulted in a heavy impact on the mangroves and Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | December 2012 | 4(15): 3395–3400 3395
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Decalepis hamiltonii from Pachamala
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District S. P
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District Naga
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District S. P
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Ericaceae in Tuensang District REFE
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Chasmophytic grasses of Velliangiri
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Dr. Ullasa Kodandaramaiah, Cambridg
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December 2012 - Journal of Threatened Taxa

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