Radiation Exposure Effects in Humans - Department of Energy ...

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BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS • Bystander effects – effect extends to unirradiated cells thereby increasing the “target” cell population or activating repair enzyme expression (+/-) • Genomic instability – puts all genes at higher risk for mutagenesis and impacts carcinogenesis when mutations arise in certain critical genes (+) • Adaptive responses – radiation priming dose protects cells from subsequent radiation doses (-) • Threshold and/or hormesis – anecdotal evidence but usually in ecological studies with low power (-) 50
SOLID CANCER INCIDENCE Dose Response 2.5 Relative Risk 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Weighted Colon Dose (Sv) 51
Page 1 and 2: RADIATION EXPOSURE EFFECTS IN HUMAN
Page 3 and 4: OUTLINE • Review of Radiobiologic
Page 5 and 6: RADIOBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS Textbook
Page 7 and 8: BEIR VII FIG 1-8: Illustration of p
Page 9 and 10: Formation and repair of γH2AX foci
Page 11 and 12: CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS (DICENTRICS)
Page 13 and 14: Deterministic Effects of Ionizing R
Page 15 and 16: Effectiveness of Dose and Dose Rate
Page 17 and 18: What are the Risks to Future Childr
Page 19 and 20: GENETIC EFFECTS • Radiation-induc
Page 21 and 22: BEIR VII - GENETIC RISK • A “do
Page 23 and 24: Overview of Radiation Effects • P
Page 25 and 26: Experience in Humans • A-Bomb Sur
Page 27 and 28: Cancer in Childhood after Irradiati
Page 29 and 30: Chronic Health Effects from Radiati
Page 33 and 34: The Radiation Effects Research Foun
Page 35 and 36: Count 120000 100000 80000 60000 400
Page 37 and 38: RADIATION-RELATED RISKS • Excess
Page 39 and 40: LSS SOLID CANCER INCIDENCE 1958 - 1
Page 41 and 42: SOLID CANCER ERR Temporal Patterns
Page 43 and 44: CONCLUSIONS: Solid Cancer Incidence
Page 45 and 46: LARGE WORKER STUDIES • Internatio
Page 47 and 48: WHAT IS A “LOW-DOSE”? • On th
Page 49: Extrapolation of Acute Dose Hormesi
Page 53 and 54: Solid cancer incidence: Excess rela
Page 55 and 56: Lifetime risk for incidence of soli
Page 58 and 59: COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
Page 60 and 61: Appendicitis: edema around cecum CT
Page 62 and 63: DRAMATIC INCREASE IN CT USE • 3 M
Page 64 and 65: Medical radiation exposures to US p
Page 66 and 67: HOW DOSE CAN BE MINIMIZED • Repla
Page 68 and 69: SUMMARY Investigators submitting to

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