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September Edition 2004 - New York Nonprofit Press

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16 <strong>New</strong> <strong>York</strong> <strong>Nonprofit</strong> <strong>Press</strong> www.nynp.biz <strong>September</strong> <strong>2004</strong><br />

FINANCE<br />

A Ten Point Checklist to Evaluate<br />

Your Financial Management<br />

Unfortunately, it is not uncommon to read about financial<br />

failings at even well known and well established nonprofits. At<br />

these times, a question often arises: how do board members<br />

and executive directors, many of whom do not have financial<br />

backgrounds, determine if their finances are managed well. Finances<br />

are, after all, the life-blood of nonprofits.<br />

I believe that boards and CEOs can quickly assess the<br />

strength of their agency’s financial management by rating the<br />

efficiency of their accounting or finance department. While this<br />

simple checklist may not reveal deep seated financial flaws i.e.<br />

structural deficits or revenue risks, it is based on the truism that<br />

how an accounting or finance department functions determines<br />

how well their finances are managed.<br />

Sanjay Shah<br />

HOW DOES YOUR AGENCY STACK UP?<br />

❑ 1. Does your accounting department give you timely and accurate “bird’s eye view”<br />

reports every month?<br />

These should be 3 or 4 pages long, with the first page comparing monthly<br />

and year-to-date operations with budget targets, followed by “drilleddown”<br />

reports of either groups of programs or funds and a page of notes<br />

explaining the “variances.”<br />

❑ 2. Are these reports automated, coming right out of the accounting system?<br />

In many instances, accounting/finance personnel spend inordinate<br />

amounts of time preparing reports because their accounting systems don’t<br />

or can’t produce them in the format they or their board want. Besides the<br />

time savings, reports coming right from accounting systems help to assure<br />

the integrity of the numbers.<br />

❑ 3. Does your accounting department prepare monthly reports within 10 days after<br />

a month ends?<br />

Unless there is a specific and compelling reason for delays, your accounting/finance<br />

department should be able to give “timely” reports. Regular<br />

delays of more than 10 days may be due to problems with basic “processing”<br />

functions i.e. payroll, accounts payable, etc.<br />

❑ 4. Do the reports prepared by your accounting department give a clear sense of<br />

what’s going on and where the problems lie?<br />

Clarity & brevity, as opposed to volumes of tiny details, are more important,<br />

especially when it comes to reports for the board of directors.<br />

The reports should show overall results (surplus or deficit), where the<br />

problems lie – i.e. Program A caused 71% of deficit because of higher<br />

salaries (39%), rent (11%) & lower revenue (21%) - and what management<br />

intends to do about it. More often, the reports and discussions get<br />

bogged down in questions like “Why is our telephone bill $200 higher<br />

than last month?” and miss the big picture.<br />

❑ 5.<br />

Does your accounting department provide quick answers to your questions?<br />

Ideally, they should anticipate the questions and provide explanations.<br />

However, if they take 2 hours to answer a question like “how did we do<br />

in Program A for July compared with last year?”, then you have a problem<br />

❑ 6. Does the accounting department provide a Statement of Activities (Revenue<br />

& Expense Report) and a Statement of Position (Balance Sheet) at the same time?<br />

A well-run accounting/finance department is up-to-date with all processing<br />

functions, monthly closings, adjustments, bank reconciliations,<br />

etc., essential to producing Statement of Activities & Statement of Position<br />

reports simultaneously. A department that is on top of their financial<br />

statements is also likely to be on top of financial matters concerning<br />

their organization.<br />

❑ 7. Does your accounting department provide you cash flow projections and analyses<br />

of accounts payable and receivable?<br />

Many nonprofits struggle with cash flow and one way of managing it is<br />

to have regularly updated cash flow projections so you can appropriately<br />

manage accounts receivable, accounts payable and working capital<br />

needs. Cash flow projections should be based on historical data and adjusted<br />

for the knowledge about current events.<br />

❑ 8. Can your accounting department complete an external CPA audit in 3 months<br />

after a fiscal year ends and do your final audited numbers differ substantially<br />

from the unaudited numbers?<br />

An independent CPA audit is the ultimate test of your financial reports.<br />

How quickly is your accounting department ready to meet with outside<br />

auditors? Not many nonprofits of any size actually complete a CPA audit<br />

within three months, but a well-functioning department should be<br />

prepared for one at that point. Also, while there is always some variation<br />

between internal financial reports and final audited results, substantial<br />

differences are a sign of trouble.<br />

❑ 9. Does your accounting department provide you with financial projections – for the<br />

current year as well as next year?<br />

An ability to create financial projections, depending on the complexity of<br />

the operations, may require financial modeling and/or advanced<br />

spreadsheet skills. The payoff is an ability to manage your finance<br />

“proactively.”<br />

❑ 10. Does your accounting department follow FASB 116 requirements regarding<br />

unrestricted, temporarily restricted and permanently restricted funds in recording<br />

all receipts?<br />

It is extremely important to delineate unrestricted funds from temporarily<br />

and permanently restricted funds at the transaction level, for the simple<br />

reason that nonprofits have discretion over where, when & how they<br />

can spend these funds and they should correctly record and track these<br />

receipts.<br />

CHECK YOUR RESULTS:<br />

Yes to 5 or less – Needs significant improvements<br />

Yes to 6 or 7 – Needs some improvements<br />

Yes to 8 or more – Needs marginal improvements<br />

What can you expect if you meet all or 8 or more tests? Four major benefits:<br />

a) Good financial management and planning<br />

b) Well-educated decisions to meet your short-term and long-term goals<br />

c) Proactive management to avert impending problems<br />

d) Efficient use of all of your resources – time, people, and money<br />

What do you need to pass these tests? Three things as follows:<br />

• Clearly defined and automated processes with checks and balances<br />

•Well implemented systems to meet your organization’s needs & goals<br />

•Trained staff – both in the processes and the systems, and knowledgeable in financial/accounting<br />

matters<br />

Sanjay Shah is the President of Paragon Management Group. He has worked as CFO and<br />

consultant for many large and small nonprofits. He can be reached at sshah@paragon.mgt.com

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