[pdf]Climate profile of India - India Meteorological Department

The eastern coastal regions of India, viz., Tamil Nadu (TN), Andhra Pradesh
(AP), Orissa and West Bengal (WB) are highly vulnerable to TC landfall whereas the
western coastal regions of Kerala, Karnataka and Konkan & Goa are rarely affected
by TC landfall. However, the state of Gujarat is affected by TC landfall. Further,
Bangladesh, Arakan and Sri Lankan coasts are also greatly affected by landfalling
TCs. It may be mentioned here that the TCs that crossed the TN and AP coasts
were predominantly during the post-monsoon season and Orissa is mainly affected
by TCs that form during the monsoon season. Fig. 27 (i-vii) a&b present the trends in
the frequency of TC landfall over TN, AP, Orissa, WB, Bangladesh, Arakan and
Gujarat coasts as CS+SCS / SCS. Here, those CS and SCS that retained their
respective intensities at the time of coastal crossing are only considered for this
analysis. Fig. 27(i-vii) c depicts the frequency of SCS to total cyclones that crossed
these coasts.
The decreasing trend in the frequency of cyclones crossing Orissa and
Arakan coasts and a slight increasing trend in the frequency of severe cyclones
crossing Bangladesh and Gujarat coasts were observed. There is also an increasing
trend in the frequency of CS intensifying into SCS and crossing TN, Orissa,
Bangladesh, Arakan and Gujarat coasts.
6.3.4 Trends in the frequency of TCs dissipating over sea without making
landfall
No trends in the frequency of TCs (CS+SCS / SCS) forming over NIO
dissipating over BOB and AS without making any landfall were observed during
1900-2009 (Fig 28 a-d).
6.4 Storm Surge
Storm surge is the abnormal rise of sea level which occurs when the cyclone
moves from ocean to continent. It is a disastrous and destructive feature of cyclone,
which could cause massive destruction in the coastal region and misery to the
coastal human population and livestock. Vulnerability in terms of the height of storm
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