Towards a Fourth Pillar of Human Security: „Freedom from Hazard ...

4.2. Climate Change Poses Environmental
‘Threats’, ‘Challenges’, ‘Vulnerabilities’ and
‘Risks’ for National and Human Security
Environmental
causes, stressors,
effects &natural
hazards pose
Climate change
- temperature
increase
(creeping, longterm)
Climate change
- sea level rise
(creeping, longterm)
Natural and economic factors
Substantial
threats for
- Human health
- agriculture
(yield decline)
- biodiversity
-
desertification
- Small island
states
- marine ecosystem,
- indigenous
communities,
- industry,
energy
Challenges
affecting
Security objects (for what or whom?)
- tourism
- food security
- fisheries
- government
action
- econ. action
- deltas
- coastal zones
- marine,
freshwater
ecosystems
Societal impact factors (exposure)
Vulnerabilities for
- infect. disease
- damage to
crops
- natural systems
- water scarcity
- forest fire
- coastal cities,
habitats,
infrastructure,
jobs
- cities, homes,
jobs
Risks for
- human
populations
- the poor, old
people and
children due to
heat waves
- livelihood
- poor people,
- insurance,
- financial
services