Slides

Example: Ce 3+ (one electron in the f-shell)
1
mL
4f
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1
}
S =
2
L = 3
1 5
J = L -S
= 3- =
2 2
3 3 4 -12
g J
= + = 0.
857
2 2×35 4
p
p
2 F5/2
J
=
g
exp =
J
J
2.
4
( J + 1)
=
2.
53
For rare earth ions with 3+ ionization, good agreement between
calculated and measured p J –values:
p
J
= g J( J + 1)
≅ p
J
exp
Therefore Hund‘s rule holds
Magnetism follows from the Zeeman splitting of the lowest J-levels.
H. Zabel 3. Lecture: Local Moments
31