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MTH3051 Introduction to Computational Mathematics - User Web ...

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School of Mathematical Sciences<br />

Monash University<br />

Contents<br />

1. Computing π 3<br />

1.1 A slice of π . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />

1.2 A formula for π . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />

1.3 Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

1.4 A flood of formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

1.5 Mnemonics for π . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />

1.6 Some useful references on π . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />

2. An <strong>Introduction</strong> <strong>to</strong> Programming and Matlab 9<br />

2.1 <strong>Introduction</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />

2.2 A quadratic equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />

2.2.1 Why IF (a == 0) won’t work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />

2.3 A finite series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />

2.4 Matrix multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />

2.5 An infinite series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />

3. Truncation and Round-off Errors 21<br />

3.1 Order estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />

3.2 Absolute and relative errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />

3.3 Truncation errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />

3.4 Round-off errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />

3.5 Understanding round-off errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

3.6 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />

3.7 Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />

3.8 Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />

3.9 Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29<br />

4. Solutions of Equations in One Variable 34<br />

4.1 <strong>Introduction</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />

4.2 Fixed point iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />

4.2.1 Why the funny name? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37<br />

4.2.2 Fixed point in pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37<br />

4.2.3 Cyclic Fixed point iterations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39<br />

4.2.4 Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39<br />

16-Feb-2014 2

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