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<strong>EbingerNews</strong><br />
eb-news-14/11<br />
Forum for innovative detection technology<br />
LETTERS FROM THE OUTBACK by Peter Bawelski<br />
Inhalt | Content<br />
A find for the eye<br />
in ..... Creek<br />
News from the goldfields of<br />
Australia 3<br />
A FIND FOR THE EYE<br />
in …- Creek<br />
UPEX® ONE-2 6<br />
Peter Bawelski alias German Peter<br />
Searching for gold nuggets with<br />
the TREX® 204 8<br />
Thoughts on differentiating<br />
between metals 13<br />
Having got up with the sun, breakfast in the camp<br />
tasted really good and - after a brief look at the maps – I<br />
decided on my search area for the day: .... Creek. , the<br />
surroundings of which are known for occasional gold<br />
nuggets.<br />
The outback was so „beautifully green“ that I expected<br />
my best detection chances with my TREX® 204 to lie<br />
in the stream. So I packed my equipment including four<br />
litres of drinking water into my rucksack, started my motorbike<br />
and rode the some three kilometres to .... Creek.<br />
This stream has furrowed rock steps with crevices, a<br />
lot of stones, is on average four to six metres wide and<br />
the water in it was some 30 cm deep. Along its upper<br />
reaches there are a number of old gold-digger camps as<br />
well as goldmines in which quartz veins containing gold<br />
had been mined. Along the complete length of the stream<br />
one can still win gold dust with a washing pan.<br />
Unfortunately due to the activities some 80 – 130 years<br />
ago a large amount of scrap iron is to be found in the bed<br />
of the stream. Accordingly searching with powerful PI<br />
detectors such as my UPEX® ONE-2 is very time-consuming<br />
with little chance of success by reason of all these<br />
ferrous metal objects. This is why I prefer my TREX® 204<br />
whenever hunting nuggets under such conditions.<br />
Opportunities for finding<br />
gold in Australia 15<br />
Recommendations for using<br />
a GPP 17<br />
What women look for and find<br />
in the outback ... 18<br />
Green views<br />
1 | ebingernews<br />
Well, as expected searching .... Creek showed up a lot<br />
of ferrous metal objects as well as a number of old<br />
copper rivets and one well-worn silver coin, a 1874<br />
shilling. By midday it had become really hot -<br />
around 38 °C with high relative humidity.<br />
I continued searching the stream debris<br />
along .... Creek for nuggets while a<br />
number of kangaroos dozed away<br />
almost hidden in the grass<br />
undergrowth.
Then something glittered in front of my search head; I saw three points shining in a<br />
clay gulley. However these did not excite any audio signal. The TREX® 204 indicates gold<br />
grains on the surface of the ground of sizes in excess of some 0.1 gram.<br />
Nevertheless what I had seen were indeed three minute gold grains and these I put<br />
into my collecting tin with a little water. This tin motivated one to get it filled. Then as<br />
one goes on searching, the water cleans the newly found gold nuggets and anyone whose<br />
tin rattles in the evening can prattle on blithely in the camp in the evening about his<br />
findings.<br />
Since however my three grains truly did not rattle in the tin, I made the effort to continue<br />
my searches upstream along .... Creek. The TREX® 204 was oblivious to the heat<br />
– although I was not. It reliably delivered its audio signals to my earphones (unfortunately<br />
not of the cordless type) whenever metal objects were detected in the stream. In the<br />
end it helped me to locate two old buttons which had lain hidden in the slate crevices<br />
like gold nuggets.<br />
Hurrah! In a flash I was awake as my TREX® 204 gave<br />
the hoped-for rising audio signal that confirmed for me<br />
that there was indeed non-ferrous metal in the lump of<br />
quartz beneath the search head of my detector.<br />
The photos show what I had found and where I had<br />
found it but they cannot show my feelings at the moment<br />
of discovery, when this lump was shining so simply there<br />
in the sun in .... Creek, when one holds the find in one‘s<br />
hand, weighs it. These feelings are indescribable.<br />
I am pleased when true treasure-hunting mates know<br />
these feelings from their own finds because today<br />
was again a holiday in the beautiful outback in North<br />
Queensland!<br />
Also because of the large spiders‘ webs, I was concentrating on the job as I saw in<br />
front of me lying in the stream and shining in the sun a lump of quartz with lovely<br />
yellow veins. Although my tired eyes had been sharpened by the discovery of the gold<br />
grains three hours before, I could at first not believe what I saw. Full of curiosity I guided<br />
the search head of my TREX® 204 over the quartz lump that was still shining in the<br />
tropical sunshine.<br />
This quartz lump – the specimen shown below – weighed<br />
129 grams and contained nearly 80 grams of pure<br />
gold. In my experience – I have been gold-hunting in the<br />
goldfields of Australia from time to time since 1989 – only<br />
some 2 to 3 % of the gold nuggets I have found where laying<br />
on or sticking in the surface of the ground. Finding<br />
such a large specimen, shining and lying to hand in a<br />
stream was the first and only time for me up to now.<br />
In spite of intensive searching – two days upstream and<br />
two days downstream – I had no more spectacular finds.<br />
Just two more small nuggets was all I could find in the<br />
river debris and bed. But, when the cattle of Mt. Mulligan<br />
Station near Kingsborough have converted the annoying<br />
grass jungle into juicy steaks, I will continue my searches<br />
along the higher river banks with the UPEX® ONE-2.<br />
Cool stream?<br />
Lovely specimen …<br />
Gold-hunter excitement - will the right audio signal come?<br />
Hurraaah…<br />
2 | ebingernews
What does one need a metal detector for when the gold<br />
is lying visibly „in front of one“? Well, in my experience,<br />
only just two to three percent of the many small gold<br />
nuggets I have found could I actually see as the metal<br />
detector showed me the point at which they were lying.<br />
Without a metal detector I would not have been able to<br />
find around half of the „gold nuggets on the surface“ that<br />
I have found. And without a metal detector I would not<br />
have been able to find any of the remaining 97 – 98 %<br />
which were lying at depths down to 50 cm in the earth. I<br />
have searched along many kilometres of stream without<br />
finding such a specimen as previously described. But I<br />
have found many smaller nuggets in similar streams, in<br />
slopes, on the higher banks of streams and rivers and<br />
between large rocks as well as in the cracks and crevices<br />
of slate. I have even found Roman coins in slate crevices<br />
in the River Saar, whereby these then found their way<br />
into a museum.<br />
Naturally virtually every metal detector can indicate a gold nugget that is lying on<br />
the surface of the ground. But, without the good detection properties of the TREX® 204,<br />
would I have been able on this day to work up the .... Creek – polluted as it was with<br />
scrap iron – up to the find spot or would I not much more likely have given up before?<br />
The slim search head, precise pin-pointing ability and<br />
very reliable metal-differentiating capacity of the TREX®<br />
204 have aided me and made it possible for me to achieve<br />
interesting finds in the streams, dumps and tailings in<br />
old mining regions.<br />
In the vicinity of such ruins and remains one can find<br />
interesting relicts such as lost tools, buckles, buttons and<br />
coins or formerly overlooked, collectable more or less<br />
solid lumps of ore aggregate. Occasionally one can also<br />
find a patch (enriched area) of gold nuggets on land some<br />
way away from water where the old-timers – as a result<br />
of the more limited knowledge and equipment available<br />
at that time – never thought to search or even where they<br />
camped on top of the gold.<br />
The „right tool“ and not just for .... Creek<br />
On the basis of the experience gained in more than 35 years of detection work and for<br />
the searching conditions that have been described, i.e. where scrap iron, non-ferrous<br />
metals, gold nuggets and high-value ores are to be found, I cannot imagine a more suitable<br />
metal detector than my TREX® 204 from EBINGER for achieving good detection<br />
results. Further reports, about juicy steaks with gold-seeker stories told around campfires,<br />
of beautiful gold nuggets and sensible and appropriate metal detectors will follow<br />
after further missions in ›Primavera Creek‹.<br />
NEWS FROM THE GOLDFIELDS of australia<br />
Peter Bawelski alias German Peter<br />
Since 1976 I have been an active treasure hunter in<br />
Europe, with other searchers in the U.S.A. and since<br />
1989 in the hot goldfields of the Australian outback<br />
where I am known as ›German Peter‹. I earned this<br />
nick-name among gold hunters from the testing of technical<br />
innovations from ›cold old Germany‹.<br />
I got to know Klaus Ebinger personally in 1984 at the large<br />
Mühldorf treasure hunter campaign on the River Inn.<br />
There he used the first large-loop PI (pulse-induction method)<br />
detector with great success with the aid of which –<br />
amongst other things – a bronze sword from the Hallstatt<br />
period was able to be found. On this occasion I succeeded<br />
in interesting Klaus Ebinger in the development of good<br />
treasure-hunting metal detectors. Up to this time he had<br />
concerned himself to a very large extent just with professional<br />
equipment for explosive ordnance disposal work.<br />
Then in 1989 and together with George Mayer I tested a<br />
further-developed large-loop PI detector in the Hodgekinson<br />
goldfield in the outback of North Queensland. Although<br />
the detection depth for large metal objects was convincing,<br />
the device was a long way from representing a solution for<br />
searching for nuggets, particularly since at that time the PI<br />
system did not have a ground excluding balance system.<br />
ebingernews | 3
Further testing of Ebinger metal detectors<br />
took place in the outback in 1996 at the same<br />
time as rumours about the MINELAB super<br />
detector were reaching Europe. My first MI-<br />
NELAB device was a SD2100 which I used successfully<br />
for an interim period.<br />
Then in 2004 I succeeded in tempting Klaus<br />
Ebinger and his very amiable wife Uschi to<br />
come out to the outback with diverse detectors<br />
for testing. Here he got his ears burnt in<br />
the true sense of the expression! Some things<br />
worked but the technology was not ready for<br />
the outback in respect of all its functions. And<br />
when one burns one‘s fingers on one‘s own<br />
device, then one certainly realizes that another<br />
world has been reached! And so it was<br />
too in respect of reduced EMI noise which is<br />
something that is unavoidable in our industrialized<br />
world! Klaus Ebinger went home with<br />
this finding in order to develop a device that<br />
would not function in our European latitudes.<br />
On this expedition the first successful use in<br />
the outback of the new TREX® 204 took place:<br />
This makes use of a CW (continuous wave) system,<br />
is commonly known as a TR system, has<br />
ground excluding balance, the capacity to effectively<br />
differentiate between metals and a slim<br />
hockey-stick-type search head – something that<br />
›gilds‹ the day for the gold hunter in difficult<br />
terrain. The high detection sensitivity for small<br />
nuggets and the good balance on the mineralized<br />
soils allowed the TREX® 204 to compare<br />
very positively vis à vis the other devices tested.<br />
At the same time EBINGER PI devices with ground excluding balance function were tested.<br />
These had the blocked amplification / sensitivity needed for German EMI conditions and for this<br />
reason could not yet match up to the MINELAB in the outback.<br />
One year later, i.e. in 2005, I tested the first UPEX® ONE. Although this possessed good balance<br />
on critical soils, it still did not match up to my wishes in respect of detection depth. The audio<br />
sound conversion was spongy and the device had not been given the final touch in respect of finish.<br />
Accordingly, back to the drawing board; Klaus Ebinger and his team had to be motivated to<br />
make further developments that should bring the break-through!<br />
At this time EBINGER had to give priority to other developments and this delayed the new tests.<br />
The objective of the further development was to achieve a robust, simple to operate PI detector<br />
with ground excluding balance and an extremely high detection sensitivity. A high performance<br />
and a favourable price were aimed at for the new PI detector.<br />
In this way the UPEX® ONE-2 travelled to the outback in 2010. The test results were convincing<br />
from the very start. Reproducible comparative measurements against my practice-proven MI-<br />
NELAB GPX-4500 followed. One test system developed for this purpose and able to sunk into the<br />
outback soil was able to determine with centimetre precision the maximum detection depth for a<br />
wide range of different test objects such as nuggets and coins (see the schematic bottom left). This<br />
test takes direct account of the local soil conditions / make-up.<br />
Each device showed the characteristic advantages and disadvantages. However the arithmetic<br />
averages of the test results were approximately the same or not far from one another. As before<br />
the simple operating and good balance of the UPEX® ONE-2 were convincing whereby this also<br />
holds good in the EMI range near populated areas. Certainly the device represents a good buy for<br />
hunters after gold, especially in respect of its quiet ›non-motion‹ / static and manually set ground<br />
excluding balance. This is true above all on critical, highly mineralized ground where the UPEX®<br />
ONE-2 convinces with its good balance. Klaus Ebinger promises that the development work will<br />
go on regardless of this positive result. An EBINGER PI flagship is planned.<br />
Test set-up just before the PVC pipe is backfilled with the earth.<br />
Testing principle<br />
A PVC pipe is buried in the mineralized ground.<br />
A small plastic container holding the test objects<br />
and attached to a tape measure is lowered down<br />
the pipe. The maximum depth at which the particular<br />
device being tested can detect the test<br />
objects is read off on the tape. This test comes<br />
very close to simulating practical conditions!<br />
GPX 4500, X-Terra 70, UPEX® ONE-2, TREX® 204<br />
4 | ebingernews
In addition a modified variant of the TREX® 204 showed a significantly<br />
better maximum detection depth than the MINELAB X TERRA 70 in this<br />
test. Whereby we are a long way from listing all the TREX® advantages:<br />
Thanks to the slim search head one can reach points one wishes to<br />
search such as between clumps of grass, roots of trees and large rocks as<br />
well as in crevices in rocks – points where it would not be possible to bring<br />
a detector with a circular search head close enough to possible finds.<br />
The mode of operation of the new metal detector makes it possible to<br />
differentiate to a significantly greater extent between the signals from<br />
ferrous and non-ferrous objects. As a rule fragments of iron or nails are<br />
not of interest for the searcher. Disrupting for the searcher above all are<br />
the many flat fragments of ferrous metal which the old-timers – i.e. the<br />
alluvial miners for gold dust – left behind in the outback some 100 years<br />
ago. In my experience the identification of these disrupting objects is decidedly<br />
more difficult with ›detectors with a circular search head‹.<br />
Final note: Thanks to the extremely bad weather in Australia at the turn of the year 2010/11 the otherwise red outback turned into a green jungle<br />
of man-high grass. This brought about the situation that there were better opportunities for successful finds with my proven TREX®204 than<br />
with my GPX 4500 from MINELAB or my EBINGER UPEX® ONE-2. I will have more to say on this in the following articles!<br />
For 10 months every year no water at all flows here!<br />
The Caledonia creek could only be driven through three days later.<br />
The grass hinders circular search head detectors but does this much less with the TREX®204 with its slim search head.<br />
Only the TREX“ 204 could be used sensfully as a result of the massive growth of vegetation!<br />
ebingernews | 5
UPEX ® ONE-2<br />
EBINGER PI-TECHNOLOGY FOR GOLD-HUNTING, MADE IN GERMANY!<br />
Peter Bawelski alias German Peter<br />
Thornborough 2011 in the green Hodgekinson goldfield<br />
Finally! I had been in the bush for six months and<br />
the wet season had already begun in the middle of September<br />
when at last the newly developed UPEX® ONE-2<br />
Electronic arrived. The first experiments made me really<br />
curious. So I set off the next day to a good potential<br />
location for nuggets.<br />
The UPEX® ONE-2 works quietly and uniformly, gives<br />
only a few noise signals at the High setting and almost<br />
none at the Medium setting. To compare the capabilities<br />
of the different metal detectors and the different search<br />
heads I sought out a small stream and searched this for<br />
some 10 metres with each device. I marked the objects indicated<br />
with small marks in the earth without excavating<br />
them.<br />
UPEX® ONE-2 in the green grass jungle<br />
The EBINGER TREX® 204 and MINELAB X-Terra70 indicated<br />
only half as many objects as the PI detectors, namely<br />
the EBINGER UPEX® ONE-2 and the MINELAB GPX 4500<br />
because the powerful PI signals inevitably act deeper in<br />
general, especially when large search heads are used.<br />
Used on the UPEX® ONE-2 was the EBINGER 11“/28 cm<br />
spiral search head as supplied. However mono PI search<br />
heads from other manufacturers (Minelab 11“/28 cm,<br />
Coiltek 6“/15 cm and Nuggetfinder 9“ x 14“/23 x 35 cm<br />
+ 14“/35 cm + 16“/40 cm) also worked very well. The<br />
small 6“/15 cm Mono from Coiltek surprised me with a<br />
better balance and working stability on the UPEX® ONE-<br />
2 than on the GPX-4500.<br />
Enjoying experimenting helps one learn a lot<br />
6 | ebingernews
When they were used with search heads of the same<br />
size, both the UPEX® ONE-2 and the GPX 4500 located<br />
all the objects. The performance differences noticeable<br />
were only slightly in favour of the GPX 4500 whereby<br />
the UPEX® ONE-2 impressed with its quiet and reliable<br />
mode of functioning and its stable manually-set ground<br />
excluding balance. In contrast the automatic system of<br />
the GPX 4500 for ground changes led it off the wrong way<br />
again and again.<br />
After this comparative work had been carried out,<br />
the objects were excavated and revealed their true nature,<br />
namely as small boot nails and a few fragments of<br />
brass, 1×1×5–8 mm large, which were distributed in the<br />
stream bed. Unfortunately no gold was found.<br />
minerals is used by many experienced gold hunters as an indication that the chance of<br />
finding gold nuggets is also improving. The ›more favourable ground‹ is indicated by<br />
„agitation“ of the fundamental audio signal; the GEB is then appropriately adjusted and<br />
searching is continued assiduously and particularly carefully in order to find whether<br />
there are indeed the hoped-for nuggets in the ground with its higher level of minerals.<br />
I had a special and secret pleasure on each new search day when starting off with<br />
my like-minded companions to hunt for nuggets: For I only needed to switch on the<br />
UPEX® ONE-2, adjust my volume threshold a minimum, adjust the GEB to the ground<br />
conditions of the new search terrain and off I could go. While I was excavating the first<br />
objects detected, my companions were still programming their metal detectors.<br />
After these initial positive findings, I stowed all the<br />
test devices and test heads in the car and reconnoitred<br />
the further surroundings with the UPEX® ONE-2 and the<br />
9“x14“ mono search head. In the remaining two hours<br />
the Ebinger UPEX® ONE-2 found one small 22 calibre<br />
cartridge case, two small iron nails and a 0.4 gram gold<br />
nugget.<br />
Experiments with the new UPEX® ONE-2 followed to<br />
find out the opportunities for its use. The detector is easy<br />
to handle on difficult terrain with its S-shaped handle<br />
and convinces with its quiet and reliable mode of functioning.<br />
In particular the manually-set ground excluding<br />
balance permits good checking of the ground conditions<br />
because changes of the ground always indicate that the<br />
amount of magnetic minerals in the ground is increasing<br />
or decreasing. An increasing concentration of magnetic<br />
Simple …<br />
Nevertheless, in spite of these advantages, the following days in the field with the<br />
UPEX® ONE-2 only brought 20 horseshoes and other scrap iron to the surface apart from<br />
some 100 year old coins, buttons and some musket bullets.<br />
However the tropical rain showers of the following days and weeks changed the<br />
further searching activities. The main hindrance for successful exploration work grew<br />
out of the ground. Grass, spear grass up to two metres high, herbs and in fact everything<br />
that was able to grow hindered the swinging of every type of circular search<br />
head near the ground<br />
But in this way the searching conditions for the use of the TREX® 204 also „grew“<br />
more favourable.<br />
A lot of bush grass … … favours the TREX® 204 !<br />
ebingernews | 7
huntING FOR GOLD NUGGETS IN THE OUTBACK WITH THE Trex ® 204<br />
Peter Bawelski alias German Peter | Relicts, gold nuggets from ghost towns, mining camps, river courses and dumps<br />
Typical prospectors‘ camp in the outback<br />
After my searching successes with the prototype TREX® 204 in the outback at the<br />
end of 2004 and further good finds in Europe, I finally got the red, gold-containing<br />
soil under the search head of my improved TREX® 204 again from the middle of 2010.<br />
After the base camp had been established in the outback, searching for gold nuggets<br />
was commenced, firstly in a number of river courses and their surroundings where earlier<br />
TREX®204 missions had brought a number of gold nuggets to light.<br />
The prototype TREX® 204 being put to a real test<br />
Searching in such areas is carried out primarily with powerful PI metal detectors such<br />
as the UPEX® ONE-2 or Minelab PI metal detectors until one reaches areas where the oldtimer<br />
gold seekers had camped around 100 years ago and thereby had left behind or lost<br />
a few things, including a lot of scrap metal such as rusty tins, nails, horseshoes, broken<br />
tools etc. but had also lost buttons, buckles, coins and even gold nuggets. In accordance<br />
with the search methods of that time, the old-timers had very often set up their camps<br />
near rivers on ground containing gold.<br />
Such areas are generally avoided and/or less well searched by prospectors with too<br />
powerful PI detectors with only moderate or no metal differentiating function due to the<br />
large number of worthless finds. Similarly many TR detectors with circular search heads<br />
often yield two problems in the areas of old camps: Firstly the mineral-rich soils reduce<br />
the detection depth. <strong>Secon</strong>dly the large number of scrap objects such as flat sheet metal<br />
and ring-shaped items of ferrous metal are often indicated as non-ferrous metal. When<br />
these then have to be excavated out of the ground, time is lost and frustration increases.<br />
And this at 35 °C!<br />
8 | ebingernews<br />
That bugs one!
Following the experience I had gained with the predecessor<br />
of the TREX® 204 I was really straining at the<br />
leash to start with the current device on these little prospected<br />
areas. After just a few days in the field I again<br />
discovered an old camp area yielding a large number of<br />
signals for metal in the ground. By evening and some distance<br />
from the camp I had found two small nuggets and<br />
looked forward to the next day with my TREX® 204.<br />
Today I left my PI detector in the camp and – with the<br />
TREX® 204 in my rucksack – set off on my motorbike direct<br />
using GPS data to the old camp I had found yesterday.<br />
For all readers who are not yet familiar with the TREX®<br />
204 I would like to give my brief introduction:<br />
What I like most are the ergonomically shaped S-shaft (ideal for long-hours of searching),<br />
the simple mode of operating, the slim search head and the special field of effect<br />
of this as well as and resulting therefrom the very precise ability to differentiate between<br />
different metals, e.g. between ferrous and non-ferrous metal objects. The long-proven S-<br />
shaft fits well in one‘s arm/hand, is robust, can be taken apart into three parts and is constructed<br />
in such a way that the cable from the search head to the electronics is led through<br />
the shaft. In this way it is reliably protected from damage as well as, for example, when<br />
the terrain to be searched has a lot of undergrowth.<br />
The TREX® 204 needs for its tasks just 3 setting devices:<br />
1. The sensitivity setter for the three operating modes:<br />
I All-metals, ideal for precise adjustment of the GEB.<br />
II Audio tone differentiation; this indicates ferrous object with a falling tone frequency<br />
and non-ferrous metals with a rising tone frequency.<br />
III Iron filter; this is switched on with the<br />
audio tone differentiation mode and<br />
suppresses to a large extent the signals<br />
from objects with a falling frequency. .<br />
2. GEB the ground excluding balance is the<br />
regulating device for matching the<br />
detector to the ground.<br />
3. TUNE the regulating device for the audio<br />
tone threshold<br />
In addition two LEDs (green and red) indicate when<br />
the batteries are charged / are nearly discharged.<br />
The TREX® 204 was developed by the firm of EBINGER<br />
in Cologne (Germany) so that it could offer a metal detector<br />
with metal-differentiating function for special detection<br />
tasks, e.g. for archaeology and the police, but also for hobby<br />
prospectors and searchers for minerals whereby the device<br />
should be make use of the professional technology of Messrs.<br />
EBINGER (EBINGER has been building reliable metal detectors<br />
for humanitarian mine clearance work since 1969).<br />
The robust TREX® 204 works reliably and without disruptions<br />
– also in rain. Searching times of approx. 80<br />
hours with 6 AA batteries mean that rechargeable batteries<br />
can be forgotten.<br />
The simplicity of using and operating the TREX® 204 is envied by many of my fellow<br />
prospectors who first of all have to appropriately programme their metal detectors (whereby<br />
the procedure for doing this is often incomprehensively explained). I hold in high<br />
estimation the manual GEB because many automatic ground balance regulators hinder<br />
rather than aid the discovering of objects hidden deep in the ground. The electronics of<br />
the TREX® 204 do not drift, are reliable and seldom need to be re-adjusted after breaks.<br />
Of course, if the nature of the ground changes, the TREX® 204 will react somewhat agitatedly<br />
whereby this can be stabilized again by resetting the GEB. For me this „nervous<br />
behaviour“ represents an important item of information because the change in ground<br />
type can indicate a typical gold-containing area or in Europe indicate ground that has<br />
been changed in the past by having been inhabited.<br />
Compared with digitalized metal detectors, the analog audio signal of the TREX® 204<br />
offers further advantages which help one to get an idea of the nature of metal objects<br />
buried in the ground in a time-saving way. The increasing volume assists me in estimating<br />
how large an object is as well as approximately where and how deep it is hidden in<br />
the ground. At the same time the tone frequency, which changes in accordance with the<br />
object being indicated, tells me whether what I have beneath my search head is of a fer-<br />
M8 / MS & Fe<br />
M4 / MS & Fe<br />
M2 / MS<br />
M16 / MS<br />
M16 / Fe<br />
0 cm<br />
0 cm<br />
M2 / MS<br />
M4 / MS & Fe<br />
10 cm<br />
10 cm<br />
M8 / MS & Fe<br />
20 cm<br />
20 cm<br />
M16 / MS<br />
M16 / Fe<br />
30 cm<br />
30 cm<br />
40 cm<br />
40 cm<br />
40 cm<br />
30 cm<br />
20 cm<br />
10 cm<br />
0 cm<br />
10 cm<br />
20 cm<br />
30 cm<br />
40 cm<br />
30 cm<br />
20 cm<br />
10 cm<br />
0 cm<br />
10 cm<br />
20 cm<br />
30 cm<br />
40 cm<br />
The detection envelope viewed from the side.<br />
The detection envelope viewed from ahead.<br />
My schematics show approximately the envelope within which the search head can detect iron / brass nuts of sizes M3 to M16 in the medium air.<br />
ebingernews | 9
ous or non-ferrous metal. The search head of the TREX® 204 has a transmit and receive<br />
coil which works with approx. 14 kHz. The unusual design of the search head offers<br />
important advantages.<br />
The field of effect of the electromagnetic waves is like the bow wave of a ship, i.e. it<br />
is aligned to the front, and has the greatest sensitivity vertically below the tip of the<br />
search head. This is the reason why the position of a metal object can be located so<br />
precisely. Not only the slim shape of the search head but also its forward-aligned field<br />
of effect facilitate and make possible the precise pinpointing of metal objects at and in<br />
confined spaces and here in particular in rocky ground where large search heads cannot<br />
be brought close enough to possible metal objects<br />
The unusual design of the search head offers a further special advantage. After a little<br />
practice and experience in bringing the search head correctly up to an unknown metal<br />
object, I found that my success quota in being able to predict correctly whether the object<br />
lying hidden in the ground was of ferrous or non-ferrous metal increased significantly.<br />
In particular ring-shaped or flat pieces of ferrous metal, which by reason of their shape<br />
produce strong eddy current effects, are indicated by most circular-coil metal detectors<br />
as being of non-ferrous metal. As mentioned above with a little practical experience<br />
several lead bullets and even a dented percussion cap as<br />
used earlier in percussion weapons. Then I continued searching<br />
above the terrain edge. Now I was in the heart<br />
of the old camp where an unbelievably large number of<br />
ferrous metal objects were visible on the surface of the<br />
ground while many others were polluting the ground.<br />
Here the stage III iron filter came into use. It was really<br />
astounding how many visible pieces of sheet iron – including<br />
ones as large as one‘s hand – were no longer indicated.<br />
Between the pieces of scrap iron, on the other hand<br />
I found many non-ferrous objects that had been lost by<br />
the gold hunters such as buttons, buckles and coins as<br />
well as a few simple pieces of jewellery that would have<br />
belonged to the plucky pioneer womenfolk.<br />
In the areas of other ghost towns I had similar finds<br />
including also a number of gold nuggets. However searching<br />
first became a lot more exciting and more of the<br />
finds contained gold as the extreme wet season changed<br />
everything from November, 2010 to March, 2011.<br />
Residues from an old-timers‘ camp<br />
in how the TREX® 204 should be brought up to metal objects, I was<br />
able to correctly recognize a large number of these irritating ferrous<br />
metal objects as such and save myself a lot of time and effort by not having<br />
to excavate them.<br />
Now, following this introduction, let us set off to examine the results of<br />
the practical work in the old camp. Having got there, I set the TREX® 204<br />
for searching with the tone differentiation function.<br />
The metal objects on one edge of the terrain were very numerous. Between<br />
a number of ferrous metal objects I found diverse old buttons, 3 silver coins,<br />
10 | ebingernews
Australia‘s red outback became green, too green!<br />
The gate to the goldfield, the Hodgekinson River – closed for about a week<br />
Tropical rain changed dry river courses into racing torrents in just a few hours and<br />
prevented journeying on to interesting areas for searching for days or weeks. The roads<br />
were blocked with rubble, had been washed away or – with incredible speed – had become<br />
so overgrown that they were hardly visible.<br />
Apart from a lot of damage from the flooding, searching with metal detectors by the<br />
hunters for gold and minerals was hindered totally in particular by grass and spear<br />
grass that shot up to heights of up to 2 metres as well as by other plants. Large-scale searching<br />
of interesting areas for gold nuggets was impossible.<br />
Have you ever tried searching in a field of maize with a detector with a 40 cm diameter<br />
search head?<br />
The bush grass permitted no opportunity for moving a search head. We had better not<br />
report here on spiders in huge webs and all the creatures creeping and crawling in the<br />
grass. In the goldfields there were only a few areas – old dumps from the gold-washing<br />
plants – and 2 – 5 m wide river courses that were so little overgrown that it was possible<br />
to use a metal detector in them.<br />
An old-timer‘s rock pile<br />
But the dumps and river courses were so heavily polluted<br />
with scrap iron from the work of the old-timers that<br />
this gold-nugget-containing terrain can only be searched<br />
with metal detectors that have a very high ability to differentiate<br />
between ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal<br />
objects without digging.<br />
Eye to eye ...<br />
ebingernews | 11
My new UPEX® ONE-2 has no metal-differentiation<br />
function and – in spite of its good detection depth – is not<br />
ideal for such a terrain. The same holds good too for my<br />
old Minelab GPX-4500 which – in spite of having a metal<br />
discrimination facility with DD search heads – unfortunately<br />
tended to indicate very many flat pieces of ferrous<br />
metal from rusty tins as non-ferrous metal instead<br />
of filtering them out as unwanted scrap metal.<br />
„Good finds or good luck mates“ by German Peter<br />
Accordingly let‘s get to the goodies, i.e. the possible<br />
gold nuggets or gold in quartz lumps with the TREX® 204<br />
which under these conditions is able to show off its advantages<br />
such as the slim search head, the special field of effect<br />
and the unerring recognition of iron in golden fashion.<br />
These finds confirm that areas in the goldfields polluted<br />
with scrap iron also contain gold nuggets and that<br />
little attention has been paid to these areas and little searching<br />
carried out in them by hunters with conventional<br />
metal detectors up to 2011 due to the large number of<br />
false alarms triggered by the scrap metal.<br />
Result: Being able to search with my TREX® 204 gave<br />
me a lot of pleasure because with the brand-new UPEX®<br />
ONE-2 I was not able to search a lot of ground due to the<br />
extreme grass growth so that my findings of gold remained<br />
less than one ounce (31.1 grams). With the Minelab<br />
4500 I had found 5 ounces of gold in nuggets before the<br />
start of the wet season that turned the search area into<br />
a grass jungle whereby my GPP had made the work of<br />
rescuing gold nuggets from between rocks much easier.<br />
In the wet season it only made sense to use my TREX®<br />
204. This rewarded my wet and tiring missions with somewhat<br />
more than 6 ounces of gold nuggets.<br />
12 | ebingernews
Thoughts on<br />
differentiating between metals Peter Bawelski alias German Peter<br />
What would you like to find in the ground?<br />
1. Buried iron boxes or other containers with<br />
valuables?<br />
These can occasionally be found with normal<br />
metal detectors or searched for in a sizeselective<br />
manner with large-loop PI detectors.<br />
2. Meteorites that have landed on the earth?<br />
Searching for these is generally carried out in<br />
deserts with all-metal metal detectors<br />
3. Like archaeologists or the police would<br />
you like to find everything, e.g. small lead<br />
bullets, splinters, nearly totally corroded<br />
nails or similar ferrous metal objects?<br />
These tasks are performed by sensitive allmetal<br />
metal detectors such as the TREX® 204.<br />
4. Lost coins of different non-ferrous and noble metals?<br />
Lost jewellery of different noble metals?<br />
Old weapons and tools of iron or non-ferrous metals?<br />
Gold nuggets, other solid metals or rich ores?<br />
Unfortunately such a variegated mixture will also contain<br />
a great deal of scrap such as:<br />
• Scrap ferrous metal objects of all types from nails and<br />
splinters to tools and weapons<br />
• Non-ferrous metal scrap such as aluminium foil,<br />
aluminium pull taps, brass cartridge cases, lead bullets,<br />
corroded zinc coins and many other things that are only<br />
worth collecting for the scrap value of the non-ferrous<br />
metal objects.<br />
Modern top-quality metal detectors in accordance with<br />
the latest state of the art can differentiate very well between<br />
magnetic and non-magnetic metal objects of sizes<br />
down to roughly thumb-size. Accordingly differentiating<br />
between on the one hand magnetic ferrous or nickel objects<br />
(including meteorites) and, on the other hand, nonferrous<br />
metals such as aluminium, lead, bronze, gold,<br />
copper, brass, silver, tin, zinc, many metal mixtures or<br />
high-quality non-ferrous metal ores with antimony, galena,<br />
bismuth as well as solid native copper, silver or gold<br />
is very possible.<br />
Gold<br />
The following text looks at the opportunities for finds of the last-listed group:<br />
Silver<br />
Copper<br />
Galena<br />
2 x Bismuth<br />
Lost, sought and found<br />
Wherever you search, you will only make discoveries where nature has exposed solid<br />
metals or high-quality ores through erosion or where at an earlier time man-made metal<br />
objects in the form of tools, weapons, jewellery or coins and many other things have<br />
been lost, thrown away or concealed.<br />
Throughout the world the process of discovering and recovering something is regulated<br />
at a local level and requires each searcher to obtain the relevant information from<br />
the specialist authorities and/or lawyers.<br />
Regardless of where you seek, you will be able to find almost everything in the most<br />
different forms and of the most different metals and in the most different sizes whereby<br />
the total of your finds will generally be a very mixed collection.<br />
There will be a high failure rate depending on the<br />
particular location, i.e. if the ground contains natural<br />
iron components or if larger pieces of iron shade small<br />
pieces of non-ferrous metal objects. The rate of failure<br />
to detect interesting non-ferrous metal objects increases<br />
rapidly if so-called discriminators (designed to filter out<br />
undesired ferrous metal objects) are set too high or if detectors<br />
with manifold programming facilities are incorrectly<br />
programmed due to incomprehensible operating<br />
instructions.<br />
Naturally there are situations for searching, e.g. on<br />
beaches in Australia, where – with the aid of the powerful<br />
filtering out of everything from iron to the non-ferrous<br />
metal objects such as small pieces of aluminium foil, small<br />
nickel coins, aluminium pull taps and similar scrap items<br />
– one can concentrate on finding one or two dollar coins of<br />
brass as well as occasionally heavy silver rings.<br />
ebingernews | 13
However unfortunately with this setting thin split silver rings, especially thin 8, 9, 14<br />
and even 18 carat gold and platinum rings are also filtered out and, like ferrous metal<br />
objects, are no longer indicated and thus are not found or, as the case may be, left for<br />
more industrious searchers.<br />
Metal objects at greater depth, which due to the weak<br />
feedback signal cannot be recognized as being either<br />
non-ferrous or ferrous metal objects, are indicated weakly<br />
instead of being filtered out as with many discriminating<br />
detectors. In this situation I can do partial excavation,<br />
decide when the search head is closer to the object<br />
what the signal is indicating and, if it is of interest, recover<br />
it instead of missing it.<br />
For search areas that are polluted with ferrous metal<br />
scrap to a high degree the TREX® 204 also has an iron<br />
filter. Although I seldom use this, its precision has often<br />
surprised me especially in the old gold mining camps and<br />
rewarded me with an astonishing number of small finds<br />
such as buttons and coins as well as also gold nuggets.<br />
What is being searched for and scrap often give similar signals<br />
If I am searching an interesting terrain, then I would like to find all non-ferrous metal<br />
objects and generally all ferrous metal objects which are larger than my thumb. Ferrous<br />
metal objects can be interesting tools. In addition non-ferrous metal objects in the most<br />
different shapes, sizes and alloys can also be interesting.<br />
Collector‘s pleasure in the outback<br />
A lot of ferrous metal scrap is less than thumb-size<br />
For this reason I prefer EBINGER‘s TREX® 204 for a lot of search missions. Often I have<br />
achieved my first finds while my fellow searchers are still programming their detectors<br />
and trying to find the correct setting.<br />
However, since I almost always search in the mode with metal differentiation, of<br />
much greater importance is the fact that the TREX® 204 indicates all metal objects that<br />
are in the detection range of the search head. The changes in tone of the signal ›differentiate‹<br />
between ferrous and non-ferrous metal objects without thereby metal objects that<br />
one would like to know about being filtered out. Non-ferrous metal objects are excavated<br />
and ferrous metal objects are also excavated if I can assume from the analog audio<br />
signal that the ferrous metal object is of an interesting tool size.<br />
It is naturally important for each searcher to use his<br />
tool – preferably a metal detector without too many bells<br />
and whistles – in the right way. In addition, where the<br />
meaning of the signals is unclear due to one of the very<br />
many different search conditions that can cause this, the<br />
only thing that will help is a little industriousness.<br />
Further reports on missions with metal detectors will<br />
follow. I wish all my fellow searchers great success and<br />
fun with their detector!<br />
Interesting ferrous metal objects of roughly tool size<br />
Good luck and good find, German Peter<br />
14| ebingernews
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR FINDING<br />
Gold in Australia<br />
Peter Bawelski alias German Peter<br />
Considered in geological terms, Australia is a very old continent,<br />
the surface of which has in part been removed by erosion over<br />
very long periods of time. In this process many minerals of light<br />
weight have been destroyed and carried into the sea or deposited<br />
in large sedimentary basins where they became stone. At places<br />
where mountains containing ores became smaller through erosion, heavy ores are concentrated<br />
in mineral-rich deposits not only in and at water courses but also in shallow<br />
natural depressions and numerous other unusual places at which nature continues to<br />
work with wind, water and plants.<br />
In the course of the erosion of gold-containing quartz veins – these can have widths<br />
of from some millimetres to some metres – the gold-containing quartz crumbles partly<br />
into solid gold dust and partly into nuggets of up to 40 kg in weight or, as the case may<br />
be, into quartz lumps of all sizes and with different amounts of gold. Quartz lumps<br />
with gold that is visible to a greater or lesser extent are termed ›specimens‹ in Australia.<br />
Through the erosion of the ground gold dust, nuggets and specimens are conveyed onwards<br />
and become concentrated in part in natural depressions or water courses.<br />
This specimen contains around 14.5 grams of gold<br />
Nuggets of almost solid gold
Conclusion: A lot of ferrous metal objects, some interesting<br />
non-ferrous metal objects and also handsome<br />
gold nuggets and specimens can be found in the dumps<br />
and tailings. From my own experience I know of finds of<br />
up to 100 grams and one hears occasionally when sitting<br />
around the campfire of finds in the kilogram range.<br />
However to be able to find gold nuggets or non-ferrous<br />
metal relicts in dumps and other heavily polluted ground<br />
such as old camps or ghost towns one needs a detector<br />
with very precise metal-differentiation properties.<br />
In spite of them having iron-discriminators, the large<br />
detection range of some PI-type metal detectors overburden<br />
most searchers with the work of having to excavate<br />
too much scrap iron that has not been recognized as such<br />
before a hoped-for gold nugget is found.<br />
My apposite tool, the TREX® 204<br />
Along such water courses the first gold miners separated gold dust and gold nuggets<br />
from the sediment as well as they could with their pans. Gold miners with mining experience<br />
then excavated the gold-bearing quartz veins around these water courses in<br />
goldmines.<br />
We – today‘s hunters after gold with our metal detectors – now search for the gold nuggets<br />
which – in the course of the erosion process from the quartz vein to the next water<br />
course – now still lie somewhere on the ground or, as the case may be, in water courses<br />
or dumps.<br />
In particular the dumps offer good opportunities for finding larger nuggets or specimens.<br />
The reason for this is that the sediments from the water courses were transported<br />
to gold-washing systems for separating off the gold dust. For these the sedimentary material<br />
was washed through screens into the system. Since for the winning of gold dust<br />
primarily the sedimentary material smaller than 13 mm (1/2“ = 12.7 mm) was screened<br />
off and washed, the coarser material was passed direct to the dumps.<br />
As a European coin hunter, I am used to there being<br />
a lot of scrap ferrous metal in moderately mineralized<br />
ground whereby the situation can be managed with a<br />
number of TR detectors with only a relatively low rate of<br />
missing good finds. However the mineralized ground in<br />
the outback as well as also in other gold-containing areas<br />
give up their treasures only to experienced searchers with<br />
more sophisticated metal detectors.<br />
Under such searching conditions, the unusual but well<br />
proven slim search head of the TREX® 204 from the German<br />
manufacturer Klaus Ebinger gives the searcher a number<br />
of advantages ›worth their weight in gold‹. By reason of<br />
its technology, the search head offers the experienced searcher<br />
greater certainty in being able to recognize and then<br />
leave in the ground ferrous metal objects and as a result<br />
to have more time for precisely locating non-ferrous metal<br />
relicts and gold nuggets and excavating these.<br />
These advantages paid for themselves in particular under<br />
the more stringent restrictions on searching during<br />
the wet season. This was because during the searching<br />
season from the end of 2010 to the start of 2011 only shallow<br />
water courses, uncovered or displaced banks of bed<br />
load and less overgrown dumps could be searched as a result<br />
of the very rapid growth of bush grass of up to 2 metres<br />
in height.<br />
In addition to the river bed load a lot of scrap iron, buttons and coins of the old-timers<br />
but also a few large gold nuggets and specimens reached the older dumps having been<br />
separated out at the first screen. Occasionally smaller gold nuggets in the 1 – 3 gram range<br />
can also be found in the dump material where they should not have got if the washing<br />
system had been set correctly.<br />
16 | ebingernews
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING A GPP<br />
Peter Bawelski alias German Peter<br />
If mono search heads larger than 11“ / 280 mm are used on a UPEX® ONE-2 or a Minelab<br />
PI and the GPP is carried in a case at hip level, then the PI detectors will signal the<br />
GPP with each turning movement even if the GPP is switched off.<br />
With intensive searching the purchase of a GPP will pay for itself within some 6<br />
months thanks to the savings in time when recovering finds precisely.<br />
If one has luck, the return from the damage-free recovery of a rare old coin can exceed<br />
the cost of the GPP in the very first mission.<br />
The GPP is so easy to use as a reliable helper that just one statement describes its<br />
value:<br />
Everyone who knows its benefits always uses the GPP for the fine work.<br />
Surrounded by marchflies.<br />
Way of carrying the GPP on the shoulder if detecting with mono-coils bigger<br />
than 11“/280 mm.<br />
When searching for gold in the outback and also at<br />
other places the GPP is a useful helper for saving time<br />
and excavation work. Nuggets or coins, cartridge cases<br />
etc. are located precisely in slate cracks and cavities or<br />
the interspaces between rocks and thick roots and recovered<br />
without being damaged and without having to<br />
remove a lot of hard soil unnecessarily.<br />
What’s the purpose of excavating large holes, chopping off roots or moving rocks when the GPP can indicate<br />
precisely where the particular object is hidden?<br />
A lot of time was saved and damage avoided when with<br />
larger objects the GPP was used to indicate their outlines<br />
on the surface before a start was made with excavating.<br />
The GPP was able to indicate for the UPEX® ONE-2 or<br />
the Minelab gold metal detectors the exact position of the<br />
object without these devices having to be switched off.<br />
Without any problem the GPP pinpointed metal objects<br />
in holes with obstructions when the search head of the<br />
work detector was some 1 to 1.5 metres away from the<br />
area for excavation.<br />
The GPP was especially helpful when several objects<br />
lay in the region of an excavation hole. In this situation I<br />
could pinpoint and recover one object after the other without<br />
any problem because the dynamic audio signal indicated<br />
very precisely the nearness and size of each object<br />
in analog fashion.<br />
ebingernews | 17
It happened at Easter, 2011. A lot of nature lovers and searchers<br />
came to the camps on IKE‘s camping ground in Kingsborough, North<br />
Queensland/Australia. The outback was more than usually green<br />
and beautiful in this year after the wet season. A lot was overgrown<br />
but that does not stop an Australian from wandering through the<br />
bush and searching for minerals, panning for gold dust or searching<br />
with a metal detector for relicts of the old-timers or gold<br />
nuggets.<br />
The pure enjoyment of nature was relaxing for all campers and<br />
bush runners. The searchers after minerals came back with small<br />
quartz crystal aggregates. Occasionally one can also find antimony<br />
nuggets in Hodgekinson Goldfield or some 50 km further beautiful<br />
smoky quartz crystals and ore aggregates with wolframite,<br />
molybdenum and bismuth.<br />
Since all the larger streams were carrying plenty of water, everyone<br />
who set out with a washing pan in the morning had some self-washed<br />
gold dust to show in the evening and start off the exchanging of professional<br />
opinions around the campfire.<br />
The road at the top on the left passes through the ghost town of Kingsborough in the Hodgekinson Goldfield<br />
18 | ebingernews
A rare find from the time of the pioneers<br />
Especially in the evening in the light of the many campfires the well occupied camping<br />
area at IKE gave the impression that the clock had been turned back 100 years to the<br />
time when the first pioneers, gold seekers and explorers had set up their tents there.<br />
Everyone who sallied forth with a metal detector in these Easter days found something<br />
from the time of the old-timers. Naturally scrap metal was also found but sometimes also<br />
larger tools which in impressively well preserved state illustrated the skill of the smiths<br />
of that time. Some searchers also found old buttons and buckles and pieces of jewellery<br />
as well as lovely silver shillings bearing the head of Queen Victoria.<br />
ebingernews | 19
Termine | Events<br />
In Australia there are also a large number of active female<br />
searchers including ones who are not so young but<br />
nevertheless go out searching for gold nuggets with really<br />
heavy Minelab detectors. One such team consisted of<br />
Mary with her husband George and sister Wally who set<br />
off to search for gold. The sisters took it in turns with the<br />
detector and George had to dig out everything that they<br />
found. 3 searchers and just one detector is only half the<br />
fun so on the next day I lent Wally my TREX® 204. After 20<br />
minutes of instruction on how to operate the TREX® 204<br />
and above all on how to understand its signals they set off.<br />
I didn‘t see the team of three again until the late afternoon<br />
as they came back just in good time to grill dinner before<br />
sunset. The wide grins on their faces led me to expect<br />
that they had found something golden but it was something<br />
different. They had enjoyed finding how light and precise<br />
the TREX® 204 was in comparison with their Minelab. For<br />
they could recognize much better whether the TREX® 204<br />
was indicating a small or a larger object of iron or non-ferrous<br />
metal and could then immediately determine the point<br />
where the object in question was lying in the ground whereas<br />
with the Minelab they would often have had to dig a<br />
large hole before finally finding the object.<br />
Today they were also successful with the TREX® 204<br />
in a larger stream. Here they did not find as expected a<br />
lovely, large gold nugget but something much rarer.<br />
They found a 44 calibre Lefaucheux revolver which a<br />
searcher for gold or explorer had lost some 100 years ago.<br />
This was once again a lovely, relaxing long weekend in<br />
the Hodgekinson Goldfield at IKE in North Queensland.<br />
Good luck and lots of fun, Peter!<br />
Boot Düsseldorf<br />
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All the EBINGER metal detectors described in<br />
this newsletter, namely GPP, TREX® 204 and<br />
UPEX® ONE-2, as well as further information<br />
are available from SECON GmbH.<br />
Impressum | Imprint<br />
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are explicitly reserved. Printed in Germany.<br />
EB-NEWS-G-D-3M-11-11<br />
Within the Ebinger group of companies SECON Sicherheitstechnische Anlagen GmbH, Wiesbaum/Eifel undertakes the marketing on the wide market of detectors for use on land and<br />
underwater!