Abstract Booklet 2006 - Swanson School of Engineering - University ...

POSTER SESSION 1
COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES
P1-1
Importance of the Lignite for Energy in Turkey
Ilker Senguler, Mineral Research Institute (MTA), TURKEY
Hayrullah Dagistan, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration,
TURKEY
Energy is the main input for industrialization and development. In electrical power
generation, the share of thermal plants is 64%. Because of their low capacity and high
initial investment cost renewable energy sources are not preferred.
Since the coal resources comprise 27% of all the energy sources, it will continue to
take a role in the 21 st Century. 1.75% of these resources are located in Turkey and most
of the electrical power generation is based on thermal power stations.
Most of the known lignite deposits in Turkey are of low calorific value, high
percentage of ash, volatile matter, moisture and sulphur. Almost 75% of the total
reserves are with a calorific value of below 2500 kcal/kg. 17% are between 2500 and
3000 kcal/kg. While only the 8% are over 3000 kcal/kg. Therefore, it is inevitable that
the majority of such lignites which are feasible technically and economically for
exploitation must be enriched by washing before marketing.
Total installed capacity of based on lignite thermal power plants is 6390 MW in
Turkey. In addition to 1760 MW (Can and Elbistan) is under testing. It is planned to
have thermal power plants with capacities of power 13810 MW in 2010 and 16060 in
2020.
Coal exploration studies will be accelerated to correspond the energy deficiency of
Turkey. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA)
will carry out a series of coal exploration projects in different regions of Turkey. As a
result of these studies including drilling activities, the coal reserves will have been
increased importantly.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regulations
stipulates that the green gas emissions should be dropped to 1990’s level. Therefore
new combustion technologies are required for energy resources. The thermal power
plant in Can, Canakkale, capacity of power 2x160 MW with fluidized bed combustion
technology will be a good example for the future use of this application.
Turkey possesses a large lignite potential with 8.3 billion tons. New combustion
technologies and coal mining applications will make this potential more attractive in
the near future. The sensibility to the environmental problems in Turkey can be taken
as a guarantee that we will not face the environmental problems industrialized
countries had faced before. We should not forget that “a living society is one that
obtains its current needs without destroying the belongings of the next generations”.
P1-2
The Char-CO 2 Reaction at High Temperatures and Pressures
Elizabeth Hodge, Daniel Roberts, David Harris, CSIRO Energy Technology – QCAT,
AUSTRALIA
John Stubington, UNSW, AUSTRALIA
The rate of coal conversion in an entrained flow gasifier is limited by the rate of
reaction of char with steam and CO 2 . Under these conditions, rates of carbon
conversion depend on the chemical reaction rate on the char surface and the rate of gas
diffusion to the surface of, and within the pores of, the particle. For pulverised coal
particles, at low temperatures (below about 900–1000°C) the conversion rate depends
only on the chemical reaction rate. As temperatures increase, the influence of gas
diffusion becomes significant and the conversion process becomes more complicated.
Whilst the rate of the char–CO 2 reaction at high pressures has been investigated at low
temperatures, few data exist that allow quantification of this reaction at high
temperatures and pressures relevant to full-scale entrained flow gasifiers. This paper
presents new data from measurements of the rate of the char–CO 2 reaction at
temperatures up to 1400°C and pressures up to 20 bar in a pressurised entrained flow
reactor. The data have been compared to reaction rates obtained at lower temperatures
in order to begin to develop the link between low and high temperature reaction rates.
P1-3
Utilization of Energy Grasses for Combustion
Dagmar Juchelkova, Helena Raclavska, Bohumir Cech, Jan Frydrych, David Andert,
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CZECH REPUBLIC
The highest degree utilization of domestic energetic sources and supply the
information important for energetic conception of individual country and regions is the
main request of EU government on research. Utilization of energy grasses is very
important because of various reasons - social benefit, environmental benefit, country
benefit, etc. The energy utilization of the energy grasses is one of the main topics for
future developments of recoverable sources in the European Union and in the Czech
Republic. The aim of research is combustion tests in the boilers of various producers
located in the Czech Republic. The experiments are carried out for Czech grasses and
wastes including analyses and recommendations for optimal thermal utilization and
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minimizing harmful emissions. From the results of experiments and thermal modeling
it is clear that near 38 % of energy grasses can be used in the large fluidized-bed
boilers located in the Czech Republic. From energetic point of view has a growing
importance the grass and permanent grass covers for biogas production. According to
research projects the grass is the most suitable material for biogas generation because
its high biological activity, high content of nutrients and easy cells degradability in all
stages of moisture. The origin of solution is based on determination of grass mixtures
suitable for combined combustion, determination of technological processes of
growing, harvest and fuel preparation and further determination of grass mixture
suitable for biogas production. This paper presents only the results from the
experiments of combustion of energy grasses.
P1-4
CO 2 Reduction Potential on the Czech Condition
Dagmar Juchelkova, Helena Raclavska, Vaclav Roubicek, Pavel Kolat, Jiri Bilik,
Darja Noskievicova, Pavlina Pustejovska, Jarmila DolezalovaVSB-Technical
University of Ostrava, CZECH REPUBLIC
At present the task of minimizing carbon dioxide emissions in relation to its influence
on environment belongs to the priorities of EU research activities. For achieving the
best possible results it is necessary to focus attention on information concerning input
materials character study of production as well as manufacturing processes and
subsequent returning the products back to environment (anthroposphere). The highest
degree utilization of domestic energetic sources and supply the information important
for energetic conception of individual country and regions is the main request of EU
government on research. Reduction of CO 2 production can begin if following
information will be known:
- Character of input materials (content of C, H, N, S and TOC - total organic carbon),
pollutants, physical-chemical properties, determination of phase occurrence, amount of
input materials etc.).
- Production and technological processes (energy demand technological limits for
realization of IPPC and LAC etc.).
- The utilization and character of by-products (evaluation of properties → processing
for other kind of utilization or alternative technology for disposal).
P1-5
The Rheology of Coal-Oil Mixtures (COM)
Gunduz Atesok, Mustafa Ozer, Feridun Boylu, Istanbul Technical University,
TURKEY
Today 90% of electricity in the world is produced from fossil fuels such as coal, oil
and natural gas. Oil equivalent of fossil in the world is calculated to be 68% coal, 18%
oil and 14% natural gas. According to these figures the lifetime of oil, natural gas and
coal is 40, 60 and 220 years respectively. Coal water slurries (CWS) and coal oil
mixtures (COM) may be an alternative energy source to fuel-oil. In COM or CWS
technology, the coal loading rate is an important factor and it depends on the rheology
of mixtures.
In this study, the COM was prepared using fuel-oil(#6) and high rank bituminous coal
at a temperature range 20 to 90°C and coal loading rate were examined. The results of
the study showed that the rheology of COMs loaded with high amount of coal as much
as 60% could be advanced by increasing the mixture temperature to 90°C. However,
for slurries with suitable viscosity, the mixture temperature at 60°C is found to be
enough with lower coal loading rates such as 50%.
In conclusion, it was found that fuel-oil can be loaded with high amount of solids using
high rank coals. Thus, the consumption rate of fuel-oil could be decreased without
sacrificing on the heating value of the new fuel, COM.
POSTER SESSION 2
GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES / HYDROGEN FROM COAL
P2-1
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Separation Techniques for Advanced Power
Generation Point Sources
Henry Pennline, David Luebke, Badie Morsi, Yannick J. Heintz, Kenneth L. Jones,
Jeffery B. Ilconich, DOE/NETL, USA
The capture/separation step for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from large-point sources is a
critical one with respect to the technical feasibility and cost of the overall carbon
sequestration scenario. For large-point sources, such as those found in power
generation, the carbon dioxide capture techniques being investigated by the in-house
research area of the National Energy Technology Laboratory possess the potential for
improved efficiency and costs as compared to more conventional technologies. The
investigated techniques can have wide applications, but the research has focused on
capture/separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas (postcombustion from fossil fuelfired
combustors) and from fuel gas (precombustion, such as integrated gasification
combined cycle – IGCC). With respect to fuel gas applications, novel concepts are
being developed in wet scrubbing with physical absorption; chemical absorption with