Abstract Booklet 2006 - Swanson School of Engineering - University ...

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concentration on the oxidation activity are discussed. Characterization using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses, and temperature-programmed techniques is performed to compliment the anodic oxidation results and correlate the bulk and surface structure-activity relationships. P3-4 SOFC Reaction Process Suitable for Use with Sulfur-Containing Fuels Matthew Cooper, David Bayless, Ohio University, USA Growing concerns over the environment as well as political instability in oil-producing regions of the world have ignited a large degree of interest in converting the electrochemical energy from coal-derived fuel streams using fuel cells. One specific type of fuel cell, known as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), has the ability to produce energy from hydrocarbon fuels at efficiencies far greater than traditional combustion engines. However, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a common component of hydrocarbon fuels, poisons conventional SOFCs and necessitates costly fuel treatment, preventing the utilization of SOFCs for distributed power from being financially feasible. The aim of this research is to develop a SOFC reaction process which will allow the use of a H 2 S-containing fuel derived from coal reserves known as coal syngas. In the proposed process, a two-stage SOFC reaction system will be used. In the first stage, SOFCs will utilize an electrode material known as lanthanum strontium vanadate (LSV), which has shown high activity toward consuming H 2 S; it is hypothesized that these LSV SOFCs will scrub any H 2 S present in the syngas stream via electrochemical oxidation while leaving behind non-H 2 S species such as hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). The outlet gases from this LSV SOFC will then be fed to another SOFC utilizing conventional Ni anodes; these conventional anodes have been shown to readily oxidize H 2 and CO, leading to the hypothesis that the combined process will efficiently produce electricity even when using a H 2 S-contaminated fuel stream. It should be noted that this research is still in preliminary stages; feedback from the scientific community on the merit of the effort is desired. P3-5 Development of a Fuel Flexible Catalytic Combustor for IGCC Applications Walter R. Laster, Pratyush Nag, Elvira Anaoshkina, Siemens Power Generation, Inc., USA Bruce C. Folkedahl, University of North Dakota, USA Siemens has been working on the development of an ultra low NO x catalytic combustor for the SGT6-5000F gas turbine using the Rich Catalytic Lean (RCLTM) design. By operating the catalyst section fuel rich, this design shows considerable promise for robust operation over a wide range of fuel compositions including syngas. Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (DE-FC26-03NT41891), Siemens is conducting a three year program to develop an ultra low NO x , fuel flexible catalytic combustor for gas turbine application to Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants. The goal of this program is to significantly reduce the emissions levels for the current diffusion flame based IGCC combustion systems down to 2 ppm NO x without the requirement for dilution flow. This paper addresses the current status of the fuel flexible catalytic combustor development program. Performance of the catalytic coating materials have been verified for natural gas, typical syngas fuels and hydrogen. The initial verification testing of the subscale SGT6-5000F combustion module on syngas was performed and the design changes necessary for the full basket design have been identified. The program is on track for full scale basket verification next year. POSTER SESSION 4 MATERIALS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS P4-1 Study on the Orderly Growth of High-Content Mesophase Pitch Minglin Jin, Haiqi Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Jing Chen, Shanghai Institute of Technology, CHINA Hexing Li, Shanghai Normal University, CHINA The preparation of high content mesophase pitch was one of key techniques to develop the needle coke, carbon fibre as well as new carbon materials. High content mesophase pitch has been previously synthesized from coal tar pitch in more tubes well-crucible stove. It was found that changes of TI-QS content were as parabola during nonisothermal polymerization of coal tar pitch. Meanwhile the microstructure changes of mesophase pitch was observed by microscope with the changes of TI-QS content, such as the nuclear appearance of mesophase micro-crystal, the growth of mesophase microcrystal as well as the coalescence in different reaction time. As a result, the key factor of preparation of high content mesophase was the reaction time and temperature and comparatively low reaction temperature as well as prolonged reaction time were propitious to preparation of high-content mesophase. As the growth of mesophase was a spontaneous process the another one of key techniques was how to make orderly growth of high content mesophase. The special tube reactor was designed with single 52 flow of pyrolysis gas, the order growth of mesophase was achieved by leading gas flow. The influences of reactor structure and process conditions on orderly growth of mesophase were studied by microscope. P4-2 Performance Difference of Coke from CDQ and CWQ Shizhuang Shi, Wei Xu, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, CHINA In order to make clear the performance difference between cokes from CDQ and CWQ, the contrastive study was carried out on normal analysis, granularity analysis, strength analysis, thermal performance, catalytic analysis and optical texture analysis of cokes from CDQ and CWQ from WISCO. The experimental results show that, compared with coke from CWQ, the performance of coke from CDQ was improved obviously such as mean granularity, granularity coefficient, mechanical strength, thermal performance etc.; the ash component catalytic index (MCI), optical texture index (OTI) etc. are unchanged basically; its alkali absorptance is strong, and its alkali resistance is weak, but its thermal performance is still superior to coke from CWQ after alkali absorption; and its boron absorptance is weak, and its passivation effect is bad, and its thermal performance is even somewhat inferior to coke from CWQ after boron absorption. P4-3 Sulfur Transfer Law From Coking Coal to Coke Shizhuang Shi, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, CHINA Zhiping Liu, Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation, CHINA Sulfur is a harmful ingredient in coke and coke sulfur is from coal sulfur. In order to reduce sulfur content of coke, the sulfur transfer law from coal to coke must be understood fully. For that, the sulfur content of various forms in coal and total sulfur transfer law from coal to coke are researched. The experimental results show that the sulfur in coal principally organic sulfur, secondly sulfide sulfur and least sulfate sulfur, and the organic sulfur content increases with the volatile content of coal; and that sulfur conversion ΔS from coking to coke and the ratio of coke sulfur content to coal sulfur content ΔS/K all decrease with the increase of the volatile content of coking coal, for both single coking coals and their blends. P4-4 Effect of Coking Coal Ash Composition on the Coke Thermal Performance Shizhuang Shi, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, CHINA Meicheng Jin, Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation, CHINA The coke thermal performance, including the coke reactivity index CRI and the coke strength after reaction CSR, is an important quality index of metallurgical coke. They are affected by the property of coking coal and the ash composition. In order to research the influence of ash composition on the coke thermal performance, firstly the catalytic index MCI is defined; then cokemaking experiments in laboratory and industrial coke experiments are carried out successively. According to experimental results, the mathematical models are established. The experimental results show that the influence of ash catalytic index MCI on the thermal performance of coke, CRI and CSR, is very obvious; there is a positive relativity between the ash catalytic index MCI and the coke reactivity CRI; there is a negative relativity between the ash catalytic index MCI and the coke strength after reaction; and that the mathematical models (regression equations) established from the experiment reveal the essence of the effect of various factors on the thermal performance of coke. They can be used to predict the thermal performance of coke, CRI and CSR, and to guide the production of coke. POSTER SESSION 5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES P5-1 A New Approach for Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization Fan Wang, Hongmei Wang, Fan Zhang, Junfang Wang, Yongli Hao, Jun Lin, Di Jin, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, CHINA A new semi-dry flue gas desulphurization (FGD) system was established to a 35t/h coal-fired boiler, in which SO 2 sorbents were activated by steam during conveyance, the steam temperature was about 200-350°C, with the pressure of about 0.4 MPa. To investigate behavior of steam activation, experiments were also conducted to examine changes of surface structure, size distribution, and chemical components of SO 2 sorbents before and after steam preparation. BET surface area analysis results show that the sum of specific surface area increases from 7.8688m 2 /g to 10.0715m 2 /g during SO 2 sorbent activation by steam conveyance. The porous structure gives rise to specific surface area, which enhances desulphurization process. It is obvious that not only changes of external and internal structures of fly ash occur, but also the chemical compositions. Mixture of lime and fly ash (lime to fly ash ratio was 1:8) was used for SO 2 sorbent, and analysis results were obtained that the content of Ca(OH) 2 was 9.1 % of initial SO 2 sorbent, while 16.9 % of Ca(OH) 2 content was attained after steam
activation. It was concluded that Ca(OH) 2 content increased after SO 2 sorbent activation by means of steam conveyance. Experiments were conducted regarding the factors that closely related with operating performance, which were reacting temperature, CaO/SO 2 molar ratio, and SO 2 sorbents, where SO 2 sorbents using lime only and other two different compounds of lime to fly ash ratio were considered. Testing results show that when CaO/SO 2 molar ratio is 1.2, and SO 2 removal efficiency is attained as high as 85.1%, and an efficiency of 88.3% is achieved when CaO/SO 2 molar ratio is 1.4. Adding fly ash to lime for SO 2 sorbent can improve desulphurization process. Experimental results SO 2 removal efficiency increase from 67.43 % to 76.24 % is achieved when the ratio of fly ash to lime increases from 0 to 3:1. A desulphurization efficiency of 81.07 % was attained when fly ash to lime ratio is 8:1. P5-2 Metal Compounds of Benzene-1,3-diamidoethanethiol (BDETH2), a thiol based ligand David Atwood, Kamruz Zaman, University of Kentucky, USA Heavy metal pollution is a serious threat to natural ecosystems. Various methods and technologies are in use to remove heavy metals from the environment. They include phytoremediation, bioremediation, activated carbon adsorption, extractions, and others. More recently the use of chemical reagents to combat heavy metal pollution has come into play. Some of them, the thiol-based ligands in particular, have proven effective in precipitation heavy metals from aqueous systems. The latest and most versatile chemical precipitation reagent is known as Benzene-1,3-diamidoethanethiol (abbreviated as BDETH2). Marketed with the common name MetX this ligand has been found effective in binding heavy metals in a variety of settings. Synthesis, and characterization of this relatively inexpensive an dnon-toxic multidentate ligand and its bonding arrangement to the metals Cd, Hg, and Pb along with the full characterization data of the BDET-M compounds will be presented here. P5-3 Conceptual Design of a Supersonic CO 2 Compressor Robert Steele, Shawn Lawlor, Peter Baldwin, Ramgen Power Systems, USA Ramgen Power Systems, Inc. is developing a family of high performance supersonic compressors (Rampressor TM ) that combine many of the aspects of shock compression systems commonly used in supersonic flight inlets with turbo-machinery design practices employed in conventional axial and centrifugal compressor design. The result is a high efficiency compressor that is capable of single stage pressure ratios in excess of those available in existing axial or centrifugal compressors. A variety of design configurations for land-based compressors utilizing this system have been explored. A proof-of-concept system has been designed to demonstrate the basic operational characteristics of this family of compressors when operating on air. Based on the results from that effort a compressor specifically designed for the high pressure ratios required to support CO 2 Capture and Storage has been proposed. The basic theory of operation of this new family of compressors will be reviewed along with the performance characteristics and conceptual design features of the proposed CO 2 compressor systems. P5-4 Dynamics of Gas Isolation at Pyrolysis Victor Saranchuk, Olga Chernova, Evgeniy Zbykovskiy, Donetsk National Technical University, UKRAINE Need of the reception alongside with coke of the coke gas as marketable products has puted the question about study dynamics of the gas emission of the pyrolysis of the separate coals and charge of them. For study was an applying installation with mass of the loading 1400 g. Were received correlation amount stood out separate gas during undertaking the experience. Exists the certain dependency of the mass stood out gas from coal metamorphism degree. Is it also built curves of the separation separate component pyrolysis gas of coals of the different marks and charge, formed from these coals. The Curves of the separation individual pyrolysis gas of coal of the mark DG and OS have one maximum. On crooked separations coal gas marks G, ZH, K exists two maximums. The Observed phenomena of the origin one or two maximums of the gas emission possible with two affecting factor. The First - a process of the emoving moisture from coal loading. The First maximum of the gas emission of coals G, ZH and K appears exactly at moment, when in the centre of the coal loading else lasts the process of the drying and the temperature continues to remain constant. After completion of the process of the drying temperature coal loading continues to increase, but intensity of the gas emission falls. The Second factor is an origin, existence and consolidation plastic layer since arising the second maximum of the gas emission complies with the temperature of the existence or origin plastic layer in the centre to coal loading. I.e. mutual or separate influence of the separation and existence plastic layer causes origin one or two maximums. P5-5 MSTLFLO Process for Waste Coal Beneficiation J.F. Zhong, A. Antoine, L. Hong, B. I. Morsi, M. H. Cooper, S. H. Chiang, University of Pittsburgh, USA 53 The vast quantities of waste coal in this country present us an opportunity to recover them as an alternative energy source. This paper describes a newly developed multistage loop-flow flotation column (the MSTLFLO Process) as an effective means for recovering waste coal from disposal sites and to produce a clean coal product for electricity generation. Experimental tests under different column operation conditions were carried out with three different waste coal samples. The results have demonstrated that the MSTLFLO process is capable of producing low ash (
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Oral Sessions Pag
Page 3 and 4: 1-1 SESSION 1 GASIFICATION TECHNOLO
Page 5 and 6: The U.S. pioneered development of s
Page 7 and 8: 5-5 Enhanced Hydrogen Production wi
Page 9 and 10: derived synthesis gases employing i
Page 11 and 12: Several physical adsorbents, partic
Page 13 and 14: 13-1 SESSION 13 GASIFICATION TECHNO
Page 15 and 16: promising Clean Coal technologies u
Page 17 and 18: high selectivity (theoretically pro
Page 19 and 20: 19-3 Development of Highly Efficien
Page 21 and 22: The Aim of the project is the impro
Page 23 and 24: 24-3 Development of Fluidizable Lit
Page 25 and 26: the classical Lurgi-gasifcation pro
Page 27 and 28: 28-5 A Kinetic Approach to Catalyti
Page 29 and 30: turbine cycles. The models provide
Page 31 and 32: up to 290 psia and temperatures up
Page 33 and 34: 35-2 Development of Iron-Based Pero
Page 35 and 36: features of the BGL 1000 technology
Page 37 and 38: Heat-exchangers, particle filters,
Page 39 and 40: 41-4 Using Fly Ash-Based Foundry Co
Page 41 and 42: ocks using elemental ratios. Data f
Page 43 and 44: 600-900°C. Changes in the amount o
Page 45 and 46: ATL process has three stages, namel
Page 47 and 48: commercial-scale gasifier was shutd
Page 49 and 50: 52-5 Pilot-Scale Demonstration of U
Page 51 and 52: POSTER SESSION 1 COMBUSTION TECHNOL
Page 53: experimental data available in lite
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