Flipchart 130907 Final.pdf - iwrm

FLIPCHART 7: People and plants
FLIPCHART 7: Abantu kanye nezitshalo
Message: making the best use of water and accessing water for food security
Notes to facilitator
1. Discuss the picture of the homestead, asking questions like the following:
a. What is happening in this picture
b. How many water sources can you see Where does the water come from What do you think the different sources of
water are used for
c. Do you think borehole water is safe for household use What other water could be used for gardening
d. What is soil erosion and why is it bad for the landscape What has this family done to protect the soil around their
homestead
e. What else could the family do to improve the soil
Umyalezo: ukusebenzisa amanzi kahle kanye nokufinyelela emanzini ukuze kuvikeleke ukudla
Amanothi omuntu osizayo
1. Xoxani ngesithombe somuzi emakhaya, ubuze imibuzo efana nalena elandelayo:
a. Kwenzekani kulesi sithombe
b. Ungakwazi ukubona imithombo yamanzi emingaki Amanzi avela kuphi Ucabanga ukuthi imithombo ehlukene yamanzi
isetshenziselwani
c. Ucabanga ukuthi amanzi ambiwa phansi aphephile ukuthi asetshenziswe ekhaya Yimaphi amanye amanzi
angasetshenziswa engadini
d. Yini ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi kungani kukubi emhlabeni Wenzeni lo mndeni ukuvikela inhlabathi eseduze komuzi wawo
e. Yini enye engenziwa umndeni ukwenza ngcono umhlabathi
Possible answers:
a. The picture shows a family homestead with people engaged in various activities like fetching firewood and water and working in the
vegetable garden.
b. There is a pump and a rainwater tank. People use the different water sources for different things: the rainwater tank provides water for general
household use. When used for drinking or cooking it should be boiled first. The pump brings water from a borehole, and this water is used for
the plants, as well as for household chores. The areas around the water sources are clean and water from the taps does not lie in puddles.
c. If the VIP is on a slope above the borehole or very close to the borehole, the water may not be safe for household use because the
surrounding soil could be contaminated. If borehole water is used in the household it must be boiled first.
d. Soil erosion happens when fertile topsoil is washed away by rain. This topsoil is held in place by the roots of plants so if people chop down all
the trees for firewood or allow animals to overgraze the soil becomes eroded because there is nothing to hold it in place. Soil erosion is bad
for the landscape because plants need topsoil in order to grow properly. This family has protected the soil around the homestead from erosion
by not cutting down shrubs and trees and not allowing their cattle to overgraze.
e. They could plant indigenous trees, and cut down only alien trees for firewood. Indigenous trees do not leach the soil, as do some aliens, and
they create a micro-climate, where earthworms, and other insects work to enrich the soil. They also create natural habitats for birds and
butterflies. Alien trees on the other hand can use too much water, and may eventually destroy these natural habitats.
2. Discuss the vegetable garden in the picture and ask questions like the following:
a. Why does the garden have a fence around it
b. What is different about the way this family is gardening How does this protect the soil Does this kind of garden need
less water Why
c. Do you think the vegetables from this garden will have good nutritional value Why do you think so What effect will this
have on the family If someone in this family was ill, or was HIV-positive, do you think their bodies would better be able
to cope with the disease
Possible answers:
a. The fence prevents livestock from entering the garden and eating the vegetables that are meant to feed the family.
b. The vegetable garden is terraced – long logs are placed in rows down a slope and used to prevent soil and water from washing away. With
this kind of terraced, contour gardening, plants need less water. Planting the same crop in the same place every year uses up the nutrients in
the soil. To prevent this from happening, this family plants a variety of vegetables in different rows every year. The wheelbarrow contains mulch
(leaves and other dry plant material) which is spread over the plants and helps to fertilise the soil. There is also a large compost heap on which
the family throws vegetable waste from the kitchen and garden waste, including twigs, dry leaves, cardboard and paper. These are left to rot
and turn to compost, which is dug into the soil. Vegetable gardens that are properly mulched and fertilised need less water.
c. The vegetable garden will provide very good nutrition for the family because different kinds of vegetables are being grown. The family has
also planted vegetables that are easy to grow, such as onions, beetroot, spinach and lettuce. Because the soil is fertile the garden will provide
enough food for the whole family. Eating a variety of nutritious foods will promote strong, healthy bodies and strengthen the family’s resistance
to disease. So family members who are HIV positive can prolong their lives by eating healthy food.
Izimpendulo ezinokutholakala:
a. Isithombe sikhombisa umndeni emzini wawo nabantu abenza imisebenzi eminingi njengokutheza izinkuni kanye nokukha amanzi futhi
basebenza engadini yemifino.
b. Kunephampu kanye nethanggi lamanzi emvula. Abantu basebenzisa imithombo yamanzi ehlukene ukwenza izinto ezahlukene: ithangi lamanzi
emvula lihlinzeka ngamanzi asetshenziselwa konke okujwayelekile ekhaya. Uma esetshenziselwa ukuphuza noma ukupheka kufanele abiliswe
kuqala. Iphampu iletha amanzi avela phansi ambiwe, la manzi asetshenziselwa izitshalo, kanye neminye imisebenzi yasekhaya. Izindawo
ezizungeze imithombo yamanzi zihlanzekile kanti amanzi avela kompompi awasali engamabhaka.
c. Uma ngabe i-VIP isendaweni eyehlelayo ngenhla kwamanzi ambiwa phansi noma eduze kwamanzi ambiwa phansi, amanzi kungenzeka
angaphephi ukuthi asetshenziswe ekhaya ngoba inhlabathi ewazungezile kungenzeka ukuthi ayihlanzekile. Uma amanzi ambiwa phansi
esetshenziswa ekhaya kufanele abiliswe kuqala.
d. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kwenzeka uma ngabe umhlabathi ophezulu ugugulwwa yimvula. Le nhlabathi ephezulu iyaye ibanjwe izimpande
zezitshalo ngakho-ke uma abantu bezigenca zonke izihlahla benza ngazo izinkuni noma bevumela izilwane ukuthi zidle kakhulu umhlabathi
uyaguguleka ngoba kungasekho lutho oluwubambile. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kubi emhlabeni ngoba ukuze izitshalo zikhule kahle zidinga
umhlabathi ophezulu. Lo mndeni uvikele umahlabathi ozungeze indawo yawo ukuthi ungaguguleki ngokuthi ungazigenci izihlahla futhi
ungavumeli ukuthi izinkomo zidle kakhulu.
e. Bangatshala izihlahla zendabuko, bagence kuphela izihlahla okungasizo ezasendaweni bazenze izinkuni. Izihlahla zendabuko aziwuguguli
umhlabathi, njengoba kwenza ezinye izihlahla okungesizo ezendawo, futhi zenza isimo sezulu esincane, lapho imisundu kanye nezinye
izilokazane kusebenza ukunothisa umhlabathi khona. Kwenza futhi nezindawo zokuhlala izinyoni kanye nezimvemvane. Izihlahla zokufika
ngakolunye uhlangothi zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni zingacekela phansi lezi zindawo zokuhlala okungezemvelo.
2. Xoxani ngengadi yemifino esesithombeni bese nibuza imibuzo efana nelandelayo:
a. Kungani ingadi ibiyelwe
b. Yini ehlukile ngendlela lo mndeni olima ngayo ingadi Kuwuvikela kanjani lokhu umhlabathi Ingabe lolu hlobo lwengadi
ludinga amanzi amancane
c. Ucabanga ukuthi imifino evela kule ngadi izoba nokudla okunomsoco Kungani ucabanga kanjalo Kuzoba namphumela
muni lokhu emndenini Uma ngabe bekunomuntu ogulayo kulo mndeni noma ene-HIV, ucabanga ukuthi imizimba wkhe
bewuzokwazi ukumelena nesifo
Izimpedulo ezinokutholakala:
a. Ufenisi uvimbela ukuthi imfuyo ingangeni engadini idle imifino eyenzelwe ukondla umndeni.
b. Ingadi yemifino inomthala – kubekwe izingodo ezinde ngemigqa ekwehleleni futhi zisetshenziselwe ukuvimbela inhlabathi kanye namanzi
ukuthi kungaguguleki. Ngale ndlela yomthala, ukulima ngemigqa, izitshalo zidinga amanzi amancane. Ukutshala isitshalo esifanayo endaweni
efanayo minyaka yonke kuqeda ukudla okudingekayo emhlabathini. Ukuvimbela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeki, lo mndeni utshala izinhlobo
zezitshalo ezahlukene emigqeni ehlukene minyaka yonke. Ibhala linezibi (amaqabunga kanye nezitshalo ezomile) okuthelwa phezu kwezitshalo
bese kusiza ukuvundisa inhlabathi. Kukhona nenqwaba yemvundela enkulu lapho umndeni ulahla khona udoti wezithelo kanye namahlamvu,
amaqabunga omile, amakhalibhodi kanye namaphepha. Ziyayekwa lapho zibole bese ziba imvundela embelwa enhlabathini. Izingadi zemifino
ezilinyiwe kahle nezinomanyolo ofanele zidinga amanzi amancane.
c. Ingadi yemifino izonikeza ukudla okunomsoco okuhle emndenini ngoba kulinywe izinhlobo ezahlukene zemifino. Umndeni futhi utshale
imifino okulula ukuyilima, njengo-anyanisi, ubhithiruthi, isipinashi kanye nolethisi. Ngenxa yokuthi umhlabathi uvundile, ingadi izohlinzeka
ukudla okwanele umndeni wonke. Ukudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene okunomsoco kuzokhuthaza imizimba enamandla nephilile futhi kuqinise
nokumelana nezifo emndenini. Ngakho-ke amalungu omndeni ane-HIV angelula ukuphilaa kwawo ngokudla ukudla okunempilo.
Definition box
leach: drain away out of
micro-climate: the climate of a very small area, especially if it is different from that of the area around it.
habitat: the place where a plant or animal normally lives
alien: from somewhere else, from another country
Ibhokisi lezincazelo
ukumukisa: ukukhiphela ngaphandle
isimo sezulu esincane: isimo sezulu sendawo encane kakhulu uma sihlukile kuleso sendawo ezungeziwe
indawo yokuhlala: indawo lapho izitshalo noma izilwane kuvamise ukuhlala khona
okokufika: okuvela kwenye indawo, okuvela kwelinye izwe
© MiET Africa and Africa!Ignite 2007
Flipchart 7