Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility - McGraw-Hill Higher Education

What is a solution
1. Elements and compounds are pure
substances, because their compositions are
fixed. Mixtures are not pure substances.
2. Heterogeneous mixtures are not mixed
evenly. Homogeneous mixtures, also called
solutions, are mixed evenly on a molecular
level.
3. Solutes and solvents can be gases, liquids,
or solids, combined in many different ways.
Solubility
1. Because water molecules are polar, they
can dissolve many different solutes. Like
dissolves like.
2. Temperature and pressure can affect
solubility.
3. Solutions can be unsaturated, saturated,
or supersaturated, depending on how
much solute is dissolved compared to the
solubility of the solute in the solvent.
4. The concentration of a solution is the
amount of solute in a particular volume
of solvent.
Acidic and Basic Solutions
1. Acids release H+ ions and produce hydronium
ions when they are dissolved in water.
Bases accept H+ ions and produce hydroxide
ions when dissolved in water.
2. pH expresses the concentrations of
hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in
aqueous solutions.
3. In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts
with a base to form water and a salt.
Copy and complete the concept map on the classification of matter.
Matter
Mixtures
can be
can be
can be
can be
Compounds
Heterogeneous
are made of
are made of
are made of
are made of
One type of atom
Evenly mixed
elements and/or
compounds
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CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 243