Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility - McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Figure 5 Acetic acid (a liquid),
carbon dioxide (a gas), and
drink-mix crystals (a solid) can
be dissolved in water (a liquid).
Determine whether one liquid
solution could contain all three
different kinds of solute.
Liquid Solutions
You’re probably most familiar with liquid solutions like the
ones shown in Figure 5, in which the solvent is a liquid. The
solute can be another liquid, a solid, or even a gas. You’ve already
learned about liquid-solid solutions such as sugar water and salt
water. When discussing solutions, the state of the solvent usually
determines the state of the solution.
Liquid-Gas Solutions Carbonated beverages are liquid-gas
solutions—carbon dioxide is the gaseous solute, and water is the
liquid solvent. The carbon dioxide gas gives the beverage its fizz
and some of its tartness. The beverage also might contain other
solutes, such as the compounds that give it its flavor and color.
What are the solutes in a carbonated beverage
Liquid-Liquid Solutions In a liquid-liquid solution, both the
solvent and the solute are liquids. Vinegar, which you might use
to make salad dressing, is a liquid-liquid solution made of 95 percent
water (the solvent) and 5 percent acetic acid (the solute).
Gaseous Solutions
In gaseous solutions, a smaller amount of one gas is dissolved
in a larger amount of another gas. This is called a gas-gas solution
because both the solvent and solute are gases. The air you
breathe is a gaseous solution. Nitrogen makes up about 78 percent
of dry air and is the solvent. The other gases are the solutes.
222 CHAPTER 8 Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility